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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MAKALA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-16-2022, 09:43 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MAKALA'

Neno *makala* katika lugha Kiswahili *Nomino [Ngeli: ya-/ya-, pia i-/zi-]*  yenye maana ya andiko kuhusu mada fulani ya kutolewa gazetini, katika jarida, kitabuni au kuwasilishwa kwenye mkutano, kongamano na kadhalika.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *makala*( *soma: maqaalatun/maqaalatan/maqaalatin مقالة)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu  yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Andiko (utafiti) kuhusu Sayansi, Fasihi, Siasa au jamii linalotolewa kwenye jarida au gazeti, yaani: *maqaalatun siyaasiyyatin مقالة سياسية* makala ya kisiasa, *maqaalatun ilmiyyatun مقالة علمية* makala ya kisayansi/kitaaluma.

2. Tendo-jina *masdar مصدر* ya kitenzi *qaala قال*  amesema; kauli.

3. Andiko kutoka kitabuni.

4. Msimamo wa kielimu/kitaaluma; *madhehebu* .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *maqaalatun/maqaalatan/maqaalatin مقالة )* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili  na kutoholewa kuwa neno *makala* lilichukua kutoka lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu maana ya andiko kuhusu mada fulani ya kutolewa gazetini, katika jarida, kitabuni au kuwasilishwa kwenye mkutano, kongamano na kadhalika na kuziacha maana za *kauli* na *msimamo wa kielimu/kitaaluma*.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  TANZU ZA FASIHI SIMULIZI KWA MUJIBU WA MULOKOZI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-16-2022, 02:16 PM - Forum: Fasihi kwa ujumla - No Replies


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  MOKU DSM KISW 1 (2022)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-16-2022, 02:12 PM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  JARIBIO LA KISWAHILI DARASA LA SABA TARAFA YA MKUU JANUARY 2022
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-15-2022, 06:53 AM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'BERKANE'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-15-2022, 05:57 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

MAKALA MAALUMU KWA HISANI YA DKT. ATHUMANI S. PONERA.

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'BERKANE'

Neno *berkane* ni zao la kuandika kwa herufi za Kilatini neno la Kiarabu *burkaanu بركان* lenye maana ya *volkano.*

Hakuna katika makamusi ya zamani ya Kiarabu asili ya neno *burkaanu* kwa maana iliyo mashuhuri hivi sasa bali neno *burkaanu* lilijulikana kwa maana ya moto kama vile ' *burkaanu Al-Madinatu Al-Munawwarah*, moto uliotokea katika mji wa Madina (Saudi Arabia) mnamo Karne ya 7 AD.

Baadhi ya Watafiti wa Historia ya Lugha ya Kiarabu wanadai kuwa neno hili liliingia katika Kiarabu zaidi ya miaka 1000 iliyopita.

Watafiti wengine wanadai kuwa neno *burkaanu* ( *volkano*) limetoholewa kutoka neno la  Kitaliano *vulcano* ambalo lina maana ya *mlima unaowaka moto* au kutoka neno la Kilatini *Vulcanus* ambalo ni jina la mungu wa moto wa Warumi.

*Tanbihi:*
Mlipuko wa volcano ni matokeo ya fukuto la joto kali katika matabaka ya miamba kwenye kina kirefu sana cha ardhi. Fukuto hilo la joto husababisha matabaka ya miamba kuyeyuka na kuwa katika hali ya uji-uji. Kutokana na nguvu za mgandamizo zinazosababishwa na kina cha miamba tabaka hilo la uji-uji (magma) husukumwa na kuelekea juu ambapo hurushwa juu ya uso wa ardhi *na hiyo ndiyo volkano (berkane)*.

Tabaka hilo la uji-uji huwa lina mchanganyiko wa vitu vingi kutegemeana na kiasili cha miamba iliyohusika katika kuzalisha tabaka hilo. Hali kadhalika, linaweza likasababisha kutiririka kwa lava, au kurushwa hewani kwa majivu ya miamba iliyoungua, na vipande vya miamba ambapo huambatana na gesi zenye sumu au kutokea vyote kwa pamoja.

*Muhimu:*
Ni ukweli kuwa utokeaji wa *volkano (berkane)* hutegemea mazingira kuntu wezeshi si mazingira ya Wilaya ya Temeke, Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam, nchini Tanzania.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ADUI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-15-2022, 05:55 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ADUI'

Neno *adui* katika lugha Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa- wingi: maadui]* mtu, mnyama au kiumbe chochote kinachofanyia kiumbe kingine uovu; mtu aliye dhidi yako, kitu kibaya unachopambana nacho kwa mfano: magonjwa, njaa, chuki, wivu, ujinga na kadhalika.

*Methali* : adui wa mtu ni mtu, adui mpende, adui aangukapo mnyanyue.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* mtu unayekabiliana naye katika mchezo; *mshindani* .

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *adui*( *soma: aduwwun/aduwwan/aduwwin عدو)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu  yenye maana ya mtu aliye dhidi yako; hasimu wako, mgomvi wako.

Waarabu wana msemo: *aduwwun aaqilun khayrun min swadiiqin jaahilin عدو عاقل خير من صديق جاهل* adui mwerevu ni bora kuliko rafiki mjinga.

Katika Qur'aan Tukufu, Sura ya 2 (Surat Al-Baqarah), Aya ya 168 shetani ametangazwa kuwa adui wa mwanadamu. Imeandikwa: *Walaa Tattabiu Khutwuwaatish Shaytwaani Innahuu Lakum Aduwwum Mubiin. ولا تتبعوا خطوات الشيطان إنه لكم عدو مبين* Wala usifuate nyendo za shetani, hakiki yeye ni adui aliye wazi.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *aduwwun/aduwan/aduwwin عدو)* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili  na kutoholewa kuwa neno *adui* maana yake katika lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika bali iliongezeka maana ya mtu unayekabiliana naye katika mchezo; *mshindani* .

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARIDHIO'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-13-2022, 08:52 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARIDHIO'

Neno *aridhio* katika lugha Kiswahili ni *Nomino* inayotokana na kitenzi elekezi *aridh.i* chenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Ingilia mtu katika jambo analolisimamia.

*Mnyumbuliko: aridhia, aridhika  aridhiwa, aridhiana, aridhisha.*

*Visawe: kera, sumbua, udhi, ghasi.*

2. Orodhesha vitu; weka vitu kwa mpangilio kuanzia kimoja hadi kingine.

3. Soma kwa kukariri bila ya kuangalia maandishi mbele ya mwalimu aghalabu Qur'aan Tukufu.

4. Kitenzi elekezi *aridhi.a* fafanua jambo fulani.

*Visawe: arifu, juvya, fahamisha, julisha.*

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *aridhi* linafanana na kitenzi cha Kiarabu  *aaridh عارض* kitenzi cha kuamrisha/kutaka tendo kutendeka, kinachotokana na kitenzi cha msingi cha Kiarabu *aaradhwa  عارض* chenye maana zifuatazo:

1.  Ingilia mtu kati kwa kuhoji au kupinga anachokisema.

2. Epuka jambo fulani.

3. Yapinge maandishi kwa kutoa maandishi dhidi yake.

4. Tembea pembezoni mwa njia.

5. Dhihirisha/weka wazi jambo/taarifa fulani; soma kwa kukariri bila ya kuangalia maandishi.

6. Onesha kitu fulani kwa wengine.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiswahili *aridhio* halina mfano wake katika Kiarabu na *si neno la Kiarabu* bali limebuniwa kutokana na kitenzi cha Kiarabu *aaridhi عارض* kinachotokana na kitenzi cha msingi cha Kiarabu *aaradha عارض* kilichofafanuliwa hapo juu.

Katika Kiarabu tendo-jina *masdar  مصدر* la kitenzi cha Kiarabu  *aaradha* ni *muaradha معارضة* lenye maana ya kuweka wazi taarifa; *onesho* .

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIBA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-13-2022, 01:27 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIBA'

Neno *akiba* katika lugha Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana ya kitu kilichohifadhiwa/kilichowekwa ili kitumike baadaye. 

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *akiba* linafanana kimatamshi na neno *aaqiibatun عاقبة*  lakini limetoholewa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *haqiibatun حقيبة*.

Neno la Kiarabu *aaqibatun عاقبة*  lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Mwisho wa jambo; *hatima* .

2. Malipo anayolipwa mtu mwishoni mwa jambo.

Na neno la Kiarabu *haqiibatun حقيبة*  lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Chombo cha kuhifadhiwa vitu.

2. Kitu kinabebwa safarini ili kumfaa msafiri njiani au aendako.

3. Tumaini la mtu mwisho wa umri wake; mtoto, kizazi. 

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiswahili *akiba* ingawa linafanana kimatamshi  na neno la Kiarabu *aaqibatun عاقبة* lenye maana ya mwisho wa jambo; hatima na malipo anayolipwa mtu mwishoni mwa jambo, limeazimwa na kutoholewa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *haqiibatun حقيبة* (mkoba) lenye maana ya: chombo cha kuhifadhiwa vitu; mkoba, kitu kinabebwa safarini ili kumfaa msafiri njiani au aendako na tumaini la mtu mwisho wa umri wake; mtoto, kizazi. 

Kupewa neno *akiba* maana iliyopewa katika Kiswahili bila shaka ni kuzingatiwa kutaja mkoba kwa kukusudia kilichobebwa mkobani, yaani *dhikrul  haamili Li-iraadatil Mahmuul Fiihi ذكر الحامل* لإرادة المحمول فيه yaani, badala ya kutajwa kilichobebwa mkobani ili kumfaa mbebaji ukatajwa mkoba wenyewe *akiba (haqiibatun حقيبة*).

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKHERA'/'AHERA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-10-2022, 03:28 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKHERA'/'AHERA'.

Neno akhera/ahera katika lugha Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-] maskani ya roho za viumbe zinapokwenda baada ya kifo.

Roho za wanadamu wote zitakuwa ahera (akhera) kusubiri siku ya Kiyama (Kisimamo kwa ajili ya kuhukumiwa).

2. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-] kule ambako inaaminika binadamu wataishi baada ya kufufuliwa. 

Nahau: enda ahera (akhera): kufa.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili ahera/akhera( soma: aakhiratun/aakhiratan/aakhiratin آخرة)  ni nomino ya Kiarabu  yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Maskani yatakayobakia milele baada ya kufa; kinyume cha dunia. Imeandikwa katika Qur'aan Tukufu, Sura ya 3 (Surat Aali Imraan, Aya ya 152 kuwa: Minkum man yuriidud Dun-yaa wa minkum man yuriidul aakhirata. منكم من يريد الدنيا ومنكم من يريد الآخرة (Yupo miongoni mwenu anayeipenda Dunia , na yupo miongoni mwenu anayeipenda Akhera ).

2. Mwisho.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  aakhiratun/aakhiratan/aakhiratin آخرة) lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno ahera/akhera  halikubadili maana yake katika lugha yake asili - Kiarabu. 

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'HAYATI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 03-09-2022, 05:49 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'HAYATI'

Neno *hayati* katika lugha Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* mtu hai anayeombewa rehema za Mwenyeezi Mungu.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* mtu aliyekwishafariki dunia.

*Msemo: si hayati si mamati*: si mzima, si marehemu, hali yake ni mbaya sana, taabani, hajijui, hajitambui.

3. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* uhai, au uzima, 'wakati' au 'enzi' ya kipindi fulani cha mtu aliye hai.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *hayati*( *soma: hayaatun/hayaatan/hayaatin حياة)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu  yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Kukua, maendeleo, kubakia.

2. Manufaa.

3. Katika elimu ya Bailojia *ilmul ahyaai علم الأحياء*: jumla ya vinavyoshuhudiwa kwa wanyama na mimea miongoni mwa sifa bainifu zinazowatofautisha  na maada, mfano: kula, kukua, kuzaana na mfano wa hayo.

4. Kipindi kati ya kuzaliwa na kufa; siku na miaka.

5. Kiwango cha maisha.

6. Maisha kwa ujumla, kwa mfano: maisha ya mjini, maisha ya kijijini.

7. Kuendelea kubakia mwanadamu, mnyama na mmea na uzima wake, harakati zake na kukua kwake.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *hayaatun/hayaatan/hayaatin حياة)* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *hayati*  lilichukua kutoka lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu maana ya mtu hai na  kupewa maana mpya ya mtu aliyekwishafariki.

*Tanbihi:*
Maana ya neno *hayati* kuwa mtu aliyekwishafariki, yumkini imetokana na imani ya Kiislamu ya kutekeleza maagizo ya Mwenyeezi Mungu ya kutowaita watu wema waliofariki kwa jina la *wafu (maiti)* kwa kuwa wao ni watu hai wanaopewa riziki na Mola wao.(Rejea Qur'aan Tukufu, Sura ya 3 (Surat Aali Imraan, Aya 169 kuwa: " *Wala kabisa usiwadhanie walio uliwa katika Njia ya Mwenyezi Mungu kuwa ni maiti (wafu). Bali hao ni wahai (watu hai), wanaruzukiwa kwa Mola wao Mlezi "*
Kadhalika, imani kuwa maiti hurudishiwa roho zao na kuwa na maisha maalumu yaitwayo " *maisha ya Barzakh* " inashadidia dhana ya aliyekufa kuitwa ' *hayati*'.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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