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  RUWAZA ZA KITENZI CHA KISWAHILI: MTAZAMO WA MOFOLOJIA LEKSIKA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-27-2022, 09:22 PM - Forum: Sarufi na Utumizi wa lugha - No Replies


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  DHANA NA HISTORIA YA SARUFI MAPOKEO
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-27-2022, 09:17 PM - Forum: Sarufi na Utumizi wa lugha - No Replies


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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARAFA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-27-2022, 08:33 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARAFA'

Neno *arafa* katika lugha Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-]* siku ya tisa ya mwezi Dhulhija (Mfungo Tatu) katika Kalenda ya Kiislamu - Hijiriyyah.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* ujumbe mfupi wa maandishi unaotumwa na kupokewa katika simu ya mkononi.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *arafa*( *soma: arafatu/arafata عرفة)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu, wingi wake ni *arafaat عرفات* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mahali penye mchanga paliponyanyuka.

2. Kizuizi kati ya vitu viwili.

3. Tendo-jina la Kitenzi cha Kiarabu *arafa/ya-arifu  عرف/يعرف* chenye maana ya : -metafuta habari, -meuliza.

4. Siku ya tisa ya mwezi Dhul-Hijjah (Mfungo Tatu) katika Kalenda ya Kiislamu - Hijiriyyah.

5. Jina la mlima maarufu karibu na mji wa Makkah, nchini Saudi Arabia.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu *arafatu/arafata/عرفة)*  lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno  *arafa* lilichukua kutoka lugha ya asili - Kiarabu maana ya *siku ya tisa ya mwezi Dhul-Hijjah (Mfungo Tatu)* na kubeba maana mpya: *ujumbe mfupi wa maandishi inaotumwa na kupokewa katika simu ya mkononi.*

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKISAMI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-26-2022, 06:13 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKISAMI'

Neno *akisami* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Sehemu ya kitu, umbo au tarakimu kama vile robo (1/4), theluthi (1/3), au nusu (1/2).

2. Umbo au namba isiyo kamili.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *aksami*( *soma: aqsaamun/aqsaaman/aqsaamin اقسام)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu, wingi wa neno la Kiarabu *qismun قسم* lenye maana ya fungu au sehemu ya kitu kilichogawanywa.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu *aqsaamun/aqsaaman/aqsaamin أقسام)*  lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno  *aksami* maana yake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  UHUSIANO WA FANI NA MAUDHUI KWA MUJIBU WA WATAALAMU MBALIMBALI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-25-2022, 03:53 PM - Forum: Uhakiki wa kazi za fasihi - No Replies

UHUSIANO WA FANI NA MAUDHUI KWA MUJIBU WA WATAALAMU MBALIMBALI
Uhusianoa wa fani na maudhui umekuwa ukiangaliwa na wanazuoni wa fasihi katika mitazamo tofauti, mtazamo mkuu unaoangaliwa na wanazuoni katika uhusiano wa fani na maudhui umo katika makundi makubwa mawili ya kimtazamo. Makundi hayo ni ya mtazamo wa KIYAKINIFU na mtazamo wa KIDHANIFU.
A: Mtazamo wa kidhanifu.
 Wanazuoni wanaoegemea katika mtazamo huu hudai kuwa fani na maudhhui havina uhusiano wowote. wanaagalia uhusiano wa vijenzi katika utengano ambao fani inaweza kujikamilisha bila ya kutegemea maudhui na maudhui pia huweza kujikamilisha bila ya kutegemea fani.
Wanaeleza uhusiano wa fani na maudhui kuwa ni sawa na ule wa kikombe na maji au chai iliyomo ndani ya kikombe hicho. Baadhi ya wananadharia hao wanahusisha mahusano haya na yale ya sehemu ya ganda la chungwa lililo nje ya nyama ya chungwa. Wanazuoni wanaoungana mkono na nadharia na mtazamo huu ni hawa.
Fr.F.M.V NKWERA
Nkwera anadai kuwa fani na maudhui havina uhusiano wowote kwa kufananisha na maziwa na kikombe. Kikombe anakiona na kukichukulia kama chombo kinachotumika kuhifadhi maziwa. Hivyo kikombe anakifananisha na fani kuwa ni umbo la nje la kazi ya fasihi. Maziwa anayafananisha na maudhui kuwa ni umbo la ndani la kazi ya Fasihi. Kwa madai yake ni kuwa maziwa yanaweza kutenganishwa na kikombe na kila kimoja kubaki peke yake.
S.D. KIANGO NA T.S.Y. SENGO.
Wanazuoni hawa pia wanaunga mkono mtazamo wa kidhanifu, wanadai kwamba fani na maudhui havina uhusiano wowote katika kazi ya fasihi.Wanazuoni hawa wanafananisha fani na maudhui sawa na chungwa kwa madai kwamba chungwa linaweza kutenganishwa na nyama ya ndani ya chungwa inayoliwa ambayo inafananishwa na maudhui ambalo ndilo umbo la ndani la kazi ya Fasihi. Aidha wanafananisha maganda ya chugwa yanayomenywa ili kupata  nyama ya ndani ya chugwa  sawa na fani ambalo ni umbo la nje la kazi ya Fasihi.
Madai hayo ni kwamba kwa kuwa magamda ya chugwa yanaweza kutenganishwa na nyama ya ndani ya chugwa basi hata fani na maudhui katika kazi ya fasihi vinaweza kutenganishwa na kila kimoja kusimama katika upekee wake. Hivyo, wanadai fani na maudhui havina uhusiano.
PENINA MUHANDO NA NDIYANAO BALISIDYA
Wanazuoni hawa nao wamo kwenye kundi hili la wenye mtanzamo wa kidhanifu, madai yao makubwa kuhusu mahusiano ya fani na maudhui ni kwamba fani katika  kazi ya fasihi ni umbo la ndani basi kwa hali hiyo fani na maudhui vinaweza kutenganishwa kwa hiyo fani na maudhui havina uhusiano kwa vile kila kimoja kinaweza kusimama peke yake.
UDHAIFU WA MTAZAMO HUO
Udhaifu unaojitokeza katika mtazamo huu ni ule wa kutazama fani na maudhui kwa mtazamo wa utengano hili ni kosa kubwa sana kwa kutenganisha vile ambayo havitenganishwi.
B : Mtazamo wa kiyakinifu
Wanazuoni wa fasihi wanaoegemea katika mtazamo huu wanadai kwamba fani na maudhui hutegemeana, huathiriana na kukamilishana. Wanazuoni wanaounga mkono mtazamo huu ni kama vile;
M.M.MULOKOZI NA K.K.KAHINGI
Wanazuoni hawa wanadai kuwa fani na maudhui haviwezi kulingana na kuathiriana unaposoma kazi ya fasihi kwa kupata miundo, matendo, madhari, wahusika na matumizi ya lugha. Hivi ni vipengelele vilivyomo ndani ya fani ndipo msomaji anaweza kupata maudhuni ya kazi ya mwandishi kama vile dhamira, ujumbe (fundisho), falsafa ya mwandishi, msimamo na mtazamo wake kwa hivyo basi huona kwamba fani hutegemea maudhui na maudhui ya fasihi hutegemea fani hivyo, fani  na maudhui haviwezi kutenganishwa kwani hutegemeana na kuathiriana kama tulivyoona hapo juu.
 F .E.SENKORO.
Mwanazuoni huyu pia anaungana na wanazuoni wa mtazamo wa kiyakinfu wanaodai kwamba fani na maudhui haviwezi kutenganishwa. Senkoro katika madai  yake anafananisha uhusiano wa fani na maudhui kama sarafu yenye sura mbili mfano wa sarafu ya shilling 200 yatanzania ili iweze kukamilika na kuwa yenye matumizi halali katika serikali halali ya tanzani inalazimika kuwa na picha ya karume na kuwa upande wa pili kuwa na picha ya simba na mtoto wake kutokuwepo au kukamilika sura moja ya sarafu hiyo basi sarafu hiyo haziwezi kutumika kama sarafu halali.
Kwa hali hiyo inamaanisha kwamba upande mmoja wa sarafu huwa ni sawa na kufananisha na maudhui katika kazi ya Fasihi. Hivyo basi ili sarafu ikamilike ni lazima pande mbili zikamilike na hiyo ndiyo hali iliyopo katika fasihi kwamba ni lazima fani na maudhui kukamilishwa ndipo kazi ya fasihi hukamilika na huwezi kutenganisha fani na maudhui.
Mambo muhimu yanayojitokeza katika fani ni.
  • Muundo – mtiririko wa mawazo na matukio.
  • Wahusika
  • Mtindo –  mbinu za kiuandishi
  • Uteuzi wa maneno
  • Picha za ishra
Wakati katika maudhui vitu vinavyojitokeza huwa ni:-
  • Dhamira
  • Ujumbe
  • Falsafa
  • Migogoro
  • Mtazamo
  • Msimamo wa mwandishi.
Kwa kuhitimisha basi fani na maudhui haiwezi kutenganishwa kwani hutegemeana, huathiriana na kukamilishana. Fasihi kama tunavyoona inajegwa na maumbo mawili ambayo ni fani na maudhui.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'TAJIRIBA/TAJRIBA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-25-2022, 12:03 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'TAJIRIBA/TAJRIBA'

Neno *tajiriba/tajriba* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Ujuzi na maarifa aliyonayo mtu kutokana na kufanya kazi au kuishi kwa muda mrefu.

2. Ujuzi au maarifa aliyonayo mtu kuhusu maisha kwa ujumla kama matokeo ya kufanya jambo mara nyingi au kuishi kwa muda mrefu.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *tajiriba/tajriba*( *soma: tajribatun/tajribatan/tajribatin تجربة)*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Jaribio linalofanywa kwa kitu fulani na kwa umakini ili kupata matokeo fulani au kuthibitisha uwepo wa kitu fulani.

2. Kinachotangulia kufanywa ili kubaini kasoro katika kitu fulani na kuisahihisha au kuirekebisha.

3. Jaribio la mchezo wa kuigiza.

4. Uzoefu unaotokana na ujuzi au maarifa aliyonayo mtu kutokana na kufanya kazi au kuishi kwa muda mrefu.

5. Jaribio la Kisayansi.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu *tajribatun/tajribatan/tajribatin تجربة)*  lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa  *tajiriba/tajriba* maana yake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIDU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-21-2022, 06:03 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIDU'

Neno *akidu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa- wingi: maakidu]* yenye maana ya mtu anayefanya kazi kwa makubaliano ya kimkataba; mfanyakazi wa mkataba.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *akidu*( *soma: aaqidun/aaqidan/aaqidin عاقد )*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu - jina la mtendaji wa kitenzi cha Kiarabu *aqada عقد* chenye maana ya: (i) amefunga mfano kamba au fundo (ii) ameingia katika makubaliano fulani.(iii) amedhamini (iv) amefanya mahesabu. (v) ameyafunga maua pamoja. (vi) amemkwamisha mtu mwengine kwa kumuuliza maswali magumu. (vii) ameghadhibika na kuwa tayari kwa shari yoyote. (viii) amemkalifisha mwengine majukumu fulani.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno *aaqidun/aaqidan/aaqidin عقد* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *akidu* lilichukua kutoka katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu maana moja ya mtu aliyeingia mkataba na ukahusishwa mkataka huo na kufanya kazi kwa malipo maalumu ilhali kwa Waarabu neno *aaqidun عاقد* katika lugha ya Kiarabu lina maana nyingi.   

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIDI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-20-2022, 11:21 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKIDI'

Neno akidi katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]  makubaliano rasmi ya kuishi pamoja kama mume na mke; akdi; tendo la kufunga ndoa.

Nahau : Funga akidi: kamilisha ndoa.

2.  Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]  idadi maalumu ya wajumbe inayoruhusu mkutano kufanyika na uamuzi kuweza kutolewa katika vikao.

3. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-]  uchache wa watu au vitu.

4. Kitenzi elekezi chenye maana ya: (i) fikia kiwango kinachohitajika; tosha. (ii) hitimisha jambo au shughuli fulani; kamilisha jambo.

Kisawe: maliza.

Minyumbuliko: akidia, akidika, akidiwa, akidiana, akidisha.

5. Kitenzi elekezi: akid.i nakili andiko la mtu au saini kwa lengo la kufanya udanganyifu; ghushi.

Visawe: ghilibu, iga, zuga.

Minyumbuliko: akidia, akidika, akidiwa, akidiana, akidisha.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili akidi( soma: aqdun/aqdan/aqdin عقد )  ni nomino ya Kiarabu yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Tendo-jina masw-dar مصدر linalotokana na kitenzi cha Kiarabu aqada عقد chenye maana ya: (i) amefunga mfano kamba au fundo (ii) ameingia katika makubaliano fulani.(iii) amedhamini (iv) amefanya mahesabu. (v) ameyafunga maua pamoja. (vi) amemkwamisha kwa kumuuliza maswali magumu. (vii) ameghadhibika na kuwa tayari kwa shari yoyote. (viii) amemkalifisha mwengine majukumu fulani.

2.  Makubaliano ya pande mbili yanayoulazimisha kwa muktadha wake kila upande kutekeleza walichokubaliana, kama vile makubaliano ya biashara, ndoa na kadhalika.

3. Mkataba wa kazi. Kwa mujibu wa Uchumi wa Kisiasa ni makubaliano yanayomlazimisha mtu, kwa mujibu wake, kumtumikia mwajiri wake kwa kulipwa malipo maalumu.

4. Makumi: hesabu ya kumi, ishirini, thelathini....hadi tisini.

5. Tamko linaloashiria kufanya jambo fulani, mathalani: zawwajtuka زوجتك nimekuozesha, bi-ituka بعتك nimekuuzia.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno aqdun/aqdan/aqdin عقد lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno akidi/akdi maana yake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika bali Waswahili walichukua baadhi ya maana zake katika Kiarabu na kuziacha nyingine, kama ambavyo walilipa neno hili maana mpya ya idadi maalumu ya wajumbe inayoruhusu mkutano kufanyika na uamuzi kuweza kutolewa katika vikao na zile maana za vitenzi elekezi.

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MUKAFAA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-19-2022, 04:33 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MUKAFAA'

Neno *mukafaa* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino [Ngeli: u-/i- wingi: mikafaa]*  yenye maana ya fedha ya ziada mbali na mshahara anayolipwa mfanyakazi kutokana na faida iliyopatikana au kwa kuvuka lengo.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *mukafaa*( *soma: mukaafa-atun/mukaafa-atan/mukaafa-atin مكافاة )*  ni nomino ya Kiarabu yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Tendo-jina *masw-dar مصدر* linalotokana na kitenzi cha Kiarabu *kaafa-a كافأ* chenye maana ya: (1) kumpa mtu tuzo baada ya kufanya vizuri katika jambo fulani. (2) kulinganisha kazi mbili. (3) amejilingajisha na mwengine na kuwa sawa naye.

2.  Kumtendea mtu wema kama alivyokutendea.

3. Kitu chenye hadhi na heshima kubwa anachopewa mtu kama zawadi baada ya kufanya vizuri katika jambo fulani; *tuzo* .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno *mukaafa-atun/mukaafa-atan/mukaafa-atin مكافاة* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *mukafaa* maana yake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  Dhana ya mtindo na nafasi yake katika fasihi
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-18-2022, 06:51 PM - Forum: Uhakiki wa kazi za fasihi - No Replies

Dhana ya mtindo na nafasi yake katika fasihi
Kabla hatujaangalia dhana ya mtindo ni vema tukajua kwanza dhana ya fasihi.
Wataalamu wengi  akiwamo Wamitila (2003) wanakubaliana kuwa fasihi ni sanaa inayotumia lugha na ambayo hujishughulisha na binadamu pamoja na maisha yake na huathiri, hugusa, au huacha athari fulani na hupatikana katika umbo ambalo linatambuliwa na jamii. Kwa ujumla fasihi ni sanaa inayotumia lugha na yenye maudhui katika jamii husika.
Baada ya kuangalia dhana ya fasihi kwa ujumla sasa tuangalie dhana ya mtindo na nafasi yake katika fasihi.
Senkoro (1982) anasema mtindo katika kazi ya fasihi ni ile namna ambayo msanii hutunga kazi hiyo na kuipa sura ambayo kifani na kimaudhui huainisha kanuni au kawaida zilizofuatwa (za kimapokeo) ama ni za kipekee. Anaendelea kusema, mtindo ni upangaji wa fani na maudhui katika kazi ya fasihi kwa njia ambayo hutokeza au huonyesha nafsi na labda upekee wa mtungaji wa kazi hiyo.
Katika fasili hii tunaweza kuona anachokieleza mtaalamu huyu ni kwamba mtindo huhusisha upangaji wa fani na maudhui katika kazi ya fasihi ambapo upangaji huu hutegemea upekee alionao msanii. Kwa maana nyingine, unaposoma kazi fulani ya fasihi unaweza kumwona mtunzi wa kazi hiyo kulingana na jinsi alivyoiandika, kwa maana kwamba jambo moja linaweza kuongelewa na wasanii wawili tofauti lakini namna linavyowasilishwa likatofautiana, na hii ni kulingana na upekee wao.
Wamitlia (2003) naye anasema ‘mtindo ni jumla ya mbinu au sifa zinazomwezesha mwandishi kuwasilisha ujumbe  wake, huelezea mwandishi anavyounda kazi yake’. Anaendelea kusema, dhana ya mtindo hurejelea sifa maalumu za mwandishi au mazoea ya mwandishi fulani ambayo hujionyesha kwenye fani yake, mazoea hayo ya mwandishi ya kuandika, kuteua msamiati, tamathali za semi, taswira, uakifishi, sentensi na kadhalika ndio yanayompambanua mwandishi huyu na mwanzake.
Kitu anachokisema hapa Wamitila hakitofautiani na Senkoro, kinachoongelewa hapa ni upekee wa mwandishi husika lakini Wamitila kasema kitu kimoja zaidi,  kwamba msanii anaonekana kuwa na mtindo fulani kwa sababu amezoea kutunga kazi zake za fasihi kwa namna fulani ambayo inadhihirisha upekee wake. Kwa kauli hii ya Wamitila tunaweza kusema kwamba mtindo wa mtunzi huonekana baada ya kuandika kazi zake kadhaa na kimsingi hii ndio huleta maana halisi ya mazoea.
Nakubaliana na kauli hii, kwani hata hivyo huwezi ukahitimisha kuwa mtunzi fulani mtindo wake ni huu kama umesoma kazi yake moja tu, kwa hiyo mtindo (upekee) wa mwandishi huweza kubainishwa baada ya kupitia kazi zake kadhaa na ndipo tunaweza kuona mazoea ya mwandishi huyo katika kuandika kazi zake.
Kwa  sentensi fupi tunaweza kusema kuwa mtindo ni ule upekee alionao mtunzi wa kazi ya fasihi katika kuipa kazi yake sura fulani kifani na kimaudhui ambapo mtunzi mwingine hawezi kufanya hivyo hata kama kitu kinachoongelewa ni kilekile.
Sasa mtu anaweza kujiuliza, nitawezaje kubainisha mtindo wa mtunzi katika kazi ya fasihi? Swali hili linaweza kujibiwa kwa kuangalia vipengele fulanifulani.
Tunapotaka kujua mtindo wa msanii katika kazi husika, kwa mfano katika  riwaya tunaangalia vipengele vifuatavyo:
  •  Matumizi ya lugha; je, lugha ni rahisi au ngumu, je kuna matumizi ya maneno ya kiufundi na kadhalika
  • Matumizi ya daiolojia; je, ni kwa kiasi gani mtunzi ametumia dailojia, ni kwa kiasi gani daiolojia husimulia hadithi?
  • Namna ya usimulizi; je, anatumia nafsi ya kwanza, ya pili au ya tatu na kadhalika.
  • Ukuaji wa wahusika; kwa vipi mtunzi anawatambulisha wahusika na kwa vipi wanabadilika katika hadithi.
  • Hisia za mwandishi; je hisia zake zinaonekanaje katika hadithi? Je, anaonekana ni mwenye dhihaka? Mwenye mapenzi, mwenye matumaini, mkali, mwenye kejeli na kadhalika.
  • Namna anavyopanga sura au matukio katika hadithi. Je, sura ni fupifupi au ndefu? Ni nyingi kiasi gani, zimepangwaje? Na kwa nini imepangwa hivyo?
  • Tamathali za semi; je, mwandishi katumia kwa kiasi gani tashibiha, sitiari, tashihisi au alama?
  • Mandhari; je mandhari yaliyotumika ni halisi au ya kubuni?
  • Uteuzi wa msamiati; je, ni kwa jinsi gani msamiati uliotumika unaleta mvuto kwa msomaji.
Kwa ujumla hivi ni baadhi tu ya  vipengele vya mtindo vinavyoweza kujitokeza  katika riwaya.
Baada ya kuangalia dhana ya mtindo ni vema sasa tukaangalia nafasi yake katika fasihi. Kwa ujumla mtindo una nafasi kubwa tu katika kazi ya fasihi.
Mtindo humtambulisha mtunzi wa kazi ya fasihi; watu hupenda kazi ya mtunzi fulani kwa sababu mtindo anaoutumia huwavutia wasomaji wake.
Mtindo ndicho kipengele kinachotenganisha  kazi nyingine za kisayansi au za kawaida, bila mtindo kazi za kifasihi zisingepata mashabiki wengi. Kwa hiyo mtindo ndio huibua hisia na kuwafanya wasomaji wapende zaidi kusoma kazi za msanii husika.
Kwa hiyo tunaweza kuhitimisha kwa kusema kuwa, tunapozungumzia dhana ya mtindo tunakuwa tunarejelea mwandishi husika, kwa maana kwamba ubinafsi wake ndicho kile kinachoonekana kwenye kazi yake. Tunaposema hadithi fulani ina taswira nyingi, ina sitiari nyingi au lugha yake ni rahisi au lugha yake inavutia na kadhalika tunakuwa tunarejelea mtindo wa mtunzi husika. Kwa mantiki hiyo dhana ya mtindo kama ilivyokwisha jadiliwa inaonekana kwa namna mtunzi anavyopangilia kazi yake kifani na kimaudhui, yaani namna anavyotumia lugha, anavyopanga visa na matukio, uteuzi wa mandhari, falsafa anayoiwasilisha,ujumbe dhamira na kadhalika.
 Marejeo
Senkoro, F.E.M.K (1982) Fasihi. Dar es salaam: Press and Publicity Centre.
Wamitila, K.W. (2003) Kichocheo cha Fasihi Simulizi na Andishi. Naiobi: Focus Publishers.

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