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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ALJEBRA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-17-2022, 05:02 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ALJEBRA''

Neno *aljebra*  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-]* yenye maana ya tawi la hisabati ambamo herufi na alama hutumika kuwakilisha idadi fulani.

Neno *aljebra* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *aljabru* ( *soma: aljabru/aljabra/aljabri الجبر)*  lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Istilahi ya Sharia ya Kiislamu yenye maana ya uchaguzi mbaya aufanyao mwanadamu katika vitendo vyake; *al-ikraah الإكراه.*

2. Istilahi ya Sharia ya Kiislamu yenye maana ya kukamilisha.

3. Tawi mojawapo la hisabati pamoja na nadharia ya namba, jiometri na uchambuzi.

4. Kuunga kilichovunjika kama vile mfupa.

5. Kutengeneza jambo na kuliimarisha.

6. Kumlazimisha mtu kufanya kitendo fulani.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *aljabru الجبر* lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *aljebra* lilichukua kutoka Kiarabu maana ya *tawi mojawapo la hisabati* na kuacha maana zingine.

*TANBIHI:*
Neno hili *aljabru  الجبر* ( *aljebra* ) ni istilahi ya tawi la hisabati linalotumia ishara kutatua matatizo ya hisabati.

Katika muundo wake wa kiujumla *aljabru (aljebra)* ni somo la ishara za kihisabati na sheria za kuendesha ishara hizo; ni uzi unaounganisha karibu matawi yote ya hisabati ikijumuisha kila kitu kutoka kwenye misingi ya kutatua milinganyo.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKILI''
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-16-2022, 06:10 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'AKILI''

Neno akili  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-] yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Uwezo wa ubongo wa kiumbe kuhisi, kufikiri, kuamua, kutambua, kutamka na kufanya mambo inavyotakiwa; uwezo wa mtu wa kujua kitu au jambo, -enye akili hodari, -enye akili timamu -sio na wazimu.

2. Wepesi, ubora na uhodari katika kufikiri na kutenda mambo.

3. Mbinu au mpango wa kufanikisha au kutatua jambo linalotatiza.

Methali:
Akili ni nywele kila mtu ana zake : watu hawafanani katika maarifa.

Nahau:
Rukwa na akili: potea akili, pata kichaa.

Misemo:
1. Fanya akili: Tumia maarifa katika kutatua jambo linalotatiza.

2. Hana akili: hana maarifa ya kutatua jambo linalotatiza.

Neno akili limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu 'aqlu ( soma: 'aqlun/'aqlan/'aqlin عقل)  ambalo ni nomino yenye maana ya uwezo wa kufikiri, kujenga hoja na kupanga ya kufikirika na kusadikika; uwezo wa kutofautisha kizuri na kibaya, heri na shari, haki na batili.

Maana zingine za neno aqlun عقل katika lugha ya Kiarabu ni hizi zifuatazo:

1. Moyo.

2. Fidia aliipayo muuaji kwa familia ya aliyeuawa; diya.

3. Ulinzi, hifadhi, ngome.

4. Mahali pa kukimbilia kupata hifadhi na usalama.

5. Kivuli cha wakati wa mchana.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa ne la Kiarabu  'aqlun عقل lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno akili lilichukua maana ya uwezo wa mtu wa kujua kitu au jambo, kuacha maana zingine katika lugha ya Kiarabu na kulipa maana mpya ya wepesi, ubora na uhodari katika kufikiri na kutenda mambo na maana ya mbinu au mpango wa kufanikisha au kutatua jambo linalotatiza.

TANBIHI:
Waarabu wamemuita mwanadamu jina la hayawaanun 'aaqilun حيوان عاقل mnyama mwenye akili kwa kuamini kuwa ni mwanadamu pekee ambaye kibailojia yuko sawa na wanyama wengine lakini anatofautiana nao kwa kuwa ni yeye tu ndiye mwenye akili.

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  AINA ZA YAMBWA NA MAANA ZAKE
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-15-2022, 03:22 PM - Forum: Sarufi na Utumizi wa lugha - No Replies


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  MTIHANI WA UPIMAJI WA ROBO MUHULA MKOA WA MWANZA KIDATO CHA NNE – 2022
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-15-2022, 11:59 AM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  YA KALE YA KUKUMBUKWA! UPAMBAUKAO HUTWA (KWAHERINI)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-13-2022, 06:09 AM - Forum: Ushairi - No Replies

YA KALE YA KUKUMBUKWA!
  UPAMBAUKAO HUTWA
         (KWAHERINI)

1. Upambaukao hutwa, na kutwapo huwa giza,
Mtana hupetwa petwa, ukanyang'anywa mwangaza,
          *Yaliza haya yaliza!*

2. Na sisi ule mtana, uliotupambauza,
Ulotupa kujuana, na mengi kuyafanyiza,
Leo waanza kununa, mitima kuiumiza,
          *Laliza hili laliza!*

3. Hikumbuka tangamano, vyema tulivyolikuza,
Mi nanyi 'kawa mfano, wa lulu katika chaza, 
Kisha leo saa hino, hiona twalikatiza,
            *Laniliza! Laniliza!*

4. Hikumbuka ukarimu, na wema wenu nduguza,
Jinsi mulivyonikimu, myaka saba hatimiza, 
Nahisi najidhulumu, Tanzania kuipeza,
          *Ndipo hamba laniliza*

5. Ingawa menilazimu, na nyinyi kujiambaza,
Yondokayo ni sehemu, sehemu najibakiza,
Moyo wangu umo humu, Tanzania 'tausaza,
          *Japo hivyo laniliza!*

6. Ni yangu matumaini, kwenu nayapendekeza,
Kwamba hwenda si jioni, nuru ingajipunguza,
Pengine wingu angani, ndilo lilojitandaza,
            *Litakoma kutuliza?*

7. Na iwapo si hakika, hili nilowaambiza,
Jambo moja liso shaka, tusoweza lipuuza,
Utwao hupambauka, hauwezi ukaiza,
          *Hapo halitatuliza.*

*ABDILATIF ABDALLA,*
*S.L.P. 35110,*
*DAR ES SALAAM.*
*SEPTEMBA 8, 1979.*

*NA KUCHAPO LITAKUCHWA*
( *KWA HERI YA KUONANA* )

1. Na kuchapo litakuchwa, likafungamana giza,
Na mchana ukaachwa, usiku ukajikweza,
Asubuhi ikafichwa, jioni ikatokeza,
  *Yasikulize nyamaza.*

2. Nyamaza yasikulize, tuombeane Muweza,
Mitima aitulize, mapenzi kutujaliza,
Kwako kwetu atujaze, ya heri kutueneza,
  *Usijilize nyamaza.*

3. Pia nasi kwa mfano, kwako tukielekeza,
Tuwazapo kongamano, kwenye yale mabaraza,
Kwenye mbinu kwenye ngano, machozi watwambukiza,
      *Ndipo nasema nyamaza.*

4. Sisahau umuhimu,  mengi umeniongoza,
Hasa kwa ile sehemu, diwani nilimaliza,
Ya mwenzetu marehemu, *Nyamaume* kuikuza,
    *Nyamaza bwana nyamaza.*

5. Kilio hiki si chako, ni changu unaniliza,
Na giza hili si lako, ni langu lanikwamiza,
Mayonzi haya si yako, ni yangu yaniumiza,
        *Ukilia waniliza.*

6. Kwa heri sisemi nenda, na siwezi kukataza,
Wendapo naona inda, nagubikizwa na kiza,
Nina nyang'anywa uwanda, uga gani nitacheza,
      *Hapo kulia nyamaza.*

7. Wendako usisahau, nyuma kututumbuiza,
Kwa salamu angalau, heba ukatuliwaza,
Wemao hatusahau, buriani nanyamaza,
    *Wacha kulia nyamaza.*

*SHAABAN C. GONGA,*
*S.L.P. 9031,*
*DAR ES  SALAAM.*
*09 - 09 - 1979.*

*USHAIRI HARIJOJO?*
1. Kwa isimuye Rabana, Muumba na Muumbule,
Aliyeumba mchana, usiku uufatile,
Naomba kwake auna,  nudhumu niipangile,
*Wapi ushairi ule, umekwenda harijojo?*

2. Ushairi wa maana, tulorithi kwa wakale,
Wenye mizani na vina, maudhui yatimile,
Urari, lugha mwanana, Kiswahili kiso ndwele,
*Wapi ushairi ule, umekwenda harijojo?*

3. Ushairi wenye taji, walotufunza wavyele,
Ulosheheni umbuji, na hekima teletele,
Si leo wa mfa maji, anayepiga kelele,
*Wapi ushairi ule, umekwenda harijojo?*

4. Beti nne kaditama, ukomo niufikile,
Mtima unaniuma, pingiti nizionile,
Zimetanda zinavuma, ni shangwe vigelegele!
*Wapi ushairi ule, umekwenda harijojo?*

*KHAMIS S.M. MATAKA,*
*S.L.P 70249,*
*DAR ES SALAAM.*
*18 - 09 - 2003.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARKISUSU/ARKASUSU/URUKUSUSU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-12-2022, 09:32 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARKISUSU/ARKASUSU/URUKUSUSU'

Neno arkisusu/arkasusu/urukususu katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-] yenye maana ya dawa ya kutibu kikohozi inayotokana na miti shamba.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili arkasusu/arkisusu/urukasusu linatokana na nomino ya Kiarabu irqusuus (soma: irqusuusi/irqasuusi/irqisuusi  عرق السوس/عرقسوس)  lenye maana mmea kutokana na familia ya corneas ambao kinywaji chake kina manufaa anuai mwilini na poda yake hutumiwa katika matibabu ya ngozi.
Waingereza huuita mmea huu licorise/liquorice .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu irqusuusi/irqussuusi lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno arkasusu/arkisusu/urukususu lilichukua maana mpya ya dawa ya kutibu kikohozi inayotokana na mitishamba.
TANBIHI:
Dawa hii ni maarufu sana katika uwanja wa tiba na hutumiwa kutibu uzito wa ulimi kwa aliyepatwa na ugonjwa wa kiharusi.
Pia hutumiwa kwa kuchangamsha mwili na kuimarisha misuli. KHAMIS S.M. MATAKA.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ASHERATI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-11-2022, 07:00 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ASHERATI'

Neno *asherati* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino: [Ngeli: a-/wa-*] yenye maana ya *mtu mwenye tabia  ya kujamiiana na mtu au watu wasiokuwa na uhusiano wa kindoa.*

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *asherati* linatokana na nomino ya Kiarabu *ashiirah (soma: ashiiratun/ashiiratan/ashiiratin  عشيرة)*  lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Rafiki.

2. Jamaa wa karibu.

3. Mke, *haadhihii ashiiratii هذه عشيرتي* huyu ni mke wangu, *haadhaa ashiirii هذا عشيري* huyu ni mume wangu.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu *ashiirat* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *asherati* lilichukua maana mpya ya  mtu mwenye tabia  ya kujamiiana na mtu au watu wasiokuwa na uhusiano wa kindoa.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARIHAMI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-10-2022, 06:10 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ARIHAMI'

Neno *arihami* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino: [Ngeli: a-/-wa*] yenye maana ya *ndugu wa upande wa mwanamke.*

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *arihami* limechukuliwa na kutoholewa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *arhaam* ( *soma: arhaamun/arhaaman/arhaamin ارحام )* lililo wingi wa neno la Kiarabu *Rahim (soma: rahimun/rahiman/rahimin  رحم)* lenye maana ya *mji wa uzazi.*

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *arhaamun ارحام*  huwa linaanza na *dhuu ذو* na kuwa *dhul arhaami ذو الأرحام* lenye maana ya *wenye ujamaa/udugu; ndugu wa karibu* .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili *arhaamun ارحام* lilipoingia katika  Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *arihami* liliacha maana ya jumla ya wenye ujamaa/udugu; ndugu wa karibu katika lugha asili - Kiarabu na kuchukua maana mpya ya ndugu wa upande wa mwanamke.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO ' REHEMA' na 'BARAKA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-09-2022, 06:20 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO ' REHEMA' na 'BARAKA'

Neno *rehema* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino [ *Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Neema, heri au baraka anazopata mtu kutoka kwa Mungu.

2. Huruma; moyo wa huruma.

*Mfano:* Kupona katika ajali ile ni kwa rehema za Mungu tu.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *rehema* limetokana na neno la Kiarabu *rahma* (soma: *rahmatun/rahmatan/rahmatin رحمة* ) lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Heri na neema.

2. Msamaha.

3. Upole na huruma.

4. Moyo wa huruma.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili ( *rahmatun/rahmatan/rahmatin رحمة*) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *rehema*  maana yake katika Kiarabu haikubadilika bali iliongezwa maana mpya ya *baraka*  neno ambalo katika Kiarabu linajitegemea Kisemantiki.

Neno *baraka* katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* jumla ya mambo yote mazuri katika maisha ya mtu.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* jina la mtu aghalabu mwanamume lenye maana ya ulinzi na upendeleo wa Mungu kwa mtu katika mambo yote.

Neno hili *baraka* (soma: *barakatun/barakatan/barakatin بركة* ) katika lugha ya  Kiarabu lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Maendeleo, kukua na ustawi.

2. Nyongeza, ziada.

3. Furaha, uchangamfu,  starehe.

4. *Habasoda* ; aina ya mbegu zenye rangi nyeusi kama vile za vitunguu ambazo hutibu maradhi mbalimbali, *habbatul barakah حبة البركة* mbegu za baraka.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili *baraka*(soma: *barakatun/barakatan/barakatin بركة*) lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *baraka* lilichukua maana mpya ya *jumla ya mambo yote mazuri katika maisha ya mtu* na pia jina la mtu aghalabu mwanaume lenye maana ya *ulinzi na upendeleo wa Mungu kwa mtu katika mambo yote.*

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ZUMARI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-08-2022, 10:54 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ZUMARI'

Neno *zumari* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-*] yenye maana ya moja ya ala za muziki ambayo utumiwaji wake ni wa kupuliza ili itoe sauti na ambayo ina uwazi mwembamba kwenye sehemu ya kupulizia na mpana mwishoni inakotokea  sauti na matundu yanayobadili sauti moja kwenda nyingine; ala ya muziki inayopigwa kwa kupulizwa yenye tundu na umbo jembamba upande wa mdomoni.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *zumari* kwa fasili iliyotolewa katika lugha ya Kiswahili  linatokana na neno la  Kiarabu *mizmaar*( *soma: mizmaarun/mizmaaran/mizmaarin مزمار )* lenye maana ya ala ya muziki miongoni mwa ala za muziki zenye kupulizwa; ni ala yenye tundu na umbo jembamba iliyo wazi pande mbili na huwa na matundu sita na tundu moja upande unaomuelekea mpulizaji.

Neno ' *zumar' (soma: zumarun/zumaran/zumarin زمر)* ni neno la Kiarabu lililo wingi wa neno *zumratun زمرة* lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Kundi la watu aghalabu marafiki.

2. Mkusanyiko wa bakteria.

3. Aina ya kundi la damu.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili *zumari* katika Kiswahili ni natija ya kutamkwa vibaya neno *mizmaar مزمار* au kulipa neno *zumar زمر* maana ya neno *mizmaar مزمار.* 

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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