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  KAZI BINAFSI (TAFSIRI NADHARIA NA MBINU)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-12-2022, 07:02 PM - Forum: Maswali na majibu - No Replies


.pdf   KAZI BINAFSI.pdf (Size: 29 KB / Downloads: 5)

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'SWALA/SALA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-10-2022, 05:56 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - Replies (1)

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'SWALA/SALA'

Neno *swala* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino:* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Ibada yenye mkusanyiko wa maneno na vitendo kama vile kukaa, kuinuka, kuinama, kusujudu pamoja na maombi ambayo ni moja ya nguzo tano za Uislamu.
   
2. Maombi ya msaada au kutoa Shukrani, yanayowasilishwa kwa Mwenyezi Mungu; dua.

3. Mnyama jamii ya tohe na kulungu anayeishi porini;  mnyama mwitu anayefanana na mbuzi.

Kwa maana ya ibada na maombi, kamusi za Kiswahili zimesajili pia matumizi ya neno 'sala'.

Neno *swala* katika lugha ya Kiswahili likitumika kwa maana ya ibada na maombi huwa ni *nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-*] na likitumika kwa maana ya mnyama huwa ni huwa ni *nomino: [Ngeli: a-/wa-*].

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *swala/sala* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu  *'swalaah*( *soma: swalaatun/swalaatan/swalaatin صلاة)* ambalo ni nomino ya Kiarabu yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Maombi; dua.

2. Ibada mahsusi kwa Waislamu inayoanza kwa takbira (kusema: *Allaahu Akbar* ) na kumalizika kwa kutoa salamu (kusema: *Assalaamu Alaykum/Amani iwe juu yenu.*)

3. Rehema.

4. Nyumba ya ibada kwa Mayahudi.

5. Sifa njema, Tamko linalosisitiza upendo na udugu.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno *'swalaah صلاة* lilipoingia katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *swala* lilichukua kutoka Kiarabu maana ya ibada na maombi, likabeba maana mpya ya mnyama mwitu anayefanana na mbuzi na kuziacha maana zingine katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu.

*TANBIHI:*
Neno swalaah katika Uislamu lina maana tofauti kwa kuzingatia mtendaji: Swala kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu ina maana ya rehema, kutoka kwa Malaika ina maana ya kuomba/kuombea msamaha na kutoka kwa binadamu na majini ina maana ya maombi.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MBUZI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-07-2022, 03:47 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MBUZI'

Neno mbuzi katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino: [Ngeli: a-/wa-] yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mnyama wa kufugwa mfano wa swala mwenye pembe za ncha zinazoelekea nyuma ambaye hufugwa kwa ajili ya maziwa, nyama na ngozi, mnyama mwenye miguu minne aina ya mamalia ambaye huzaa na kunyonyesha.

2. Kibao mithili ya kigoda chenye panda mbili ambacho upande mmoja huwekewa chuma bapa chenye meno kinachotumika  kukunia nazi, kifaa ambacho kinatumika kukunia nazi na pia huweza kutumika kama kiti kidogo.

3. Jina mbadala kwa kundinyota la jadi (Capricornus).

Etimolojia ya neno hili mbuzi ni lugha za Kibantu likiwa na maana ya mnyama aliyetajwa na kifaa cha kukunia nazi ambacho huitwa pia kibao cha mbuzi.

Wazulu wa Afrika ya Kusini wanatumia neno ' imbuzi' wakati Waajemi wa Irani wanatumia neno ' boz' (بز) na Waarabu wanatumia neno ' maaiz' (ماعز).

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'SHEHE'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-05-2022, 08:40 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'SHEHE'

Neno *shehe* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino: [Ngeli: a-/-wa, wingi: mashehe*] yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mtu mwenye kiwango cha juu cha mafunzo ya dini ya Kiislamu ambaye pia huwa na jukumu la kuwafundisha wengine.

2. Mtu mzima aghalabu mzee ambaye jamii inampa heshima kubwa kutokana na hekima na busara zake.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *shehe*( *soma: shaykhun/shaykhan/shaykhin شيخ )* ni nomino ya Kiarabu yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mtu mzima aliyefikia umri wa zaidi ya miaka 50.

2. Mtaalamu wa dini kwa Waislamu

3. Mwanazuoni wa taaluma yoyote ile.

4. Mwalimu anayewafundisha wengine.

5. Mkuu wa ukoo au kabila.

6.  Mtu yeyote mwenye cheo au hadhi mahali fulani.

7. Likiongezwa neno Al-Aqlun (akili) Shaykhul Aqli شيخ العقل kiongozi mkuu wa dini/Madhehebu ya Ad-Duruuz.

8. Likiongezwa neno Az-Zawjat (mke) Shaykhuz Zawjat  شيخ الزوجة mume wa mtu.

9. Likiongezwa neno An-Naaru (moto) Shaykhun Naar شيخ النار ibilisi, Shetani.

Ingawa neno shehe ndilo lililosanifiwa na kusajiliwa kamusini, Waswahili wa mwambao wa Afrika Mashariki wanalitamka shekhe, sheikh na shaikh.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili *shehe* ( *soma: shaykhun/shaykhan/,shaykhin شيخ )* lilipoingia katika  Kiswahili lilichukua maana ya mtu aliyeelimika katika dini ya Kiislamu ambaye huwafundisha wengine, ikabuniwa maana mpya ya Mtu mzima aghalabu mzee ambaye jamii inampa heshima kubwa kutokana na hekima na busara zake na kuziacha maana zingine zilizo katika lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ASKOFU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-05-2022, 07:45 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ASKOFU'

Neno *askofu*  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Kasisi au mchungaji mkuu wa madhehebu ya Kikristo.

2. Kiongozi mkuu wa dini ya Kikristo katika jimbo au dayosisi.

3. Msimamizi wa mambo ya kiroho katika eneo maalumu.

Neno *askofu* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *asqufun/asqufan/asqufin اسقف* lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mchungaji (padri) mwenye cheo cha juu ya kasisi na chini ya matrani مطران (metropolitan).

2. Mtu mrefu.

3. Mifupa mizito.

4. Ngamia mwenye manyoa mengi.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *asqufun اسقف* lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *askofu*  maana yake katika lugha asili - Kiarabu inayomuhusu kiongozi wa Dini ya Kikristo haikubadilika na maana zake zingine katika lugha ya Kiarabu ziliachwa.

*TANBIHI:*
Ingawa baadhi ya makamusi yamesajili etimolojia ya neno askofu kuwa Kiarabu, kauli yenye nguvu ni kuwa etimolojia ya neno askofu ni *Kiyunani* kutokana na neno *ἐπίσκοπος (ebisokobos)* lenye maana ya anayeangalia akiwa juu ( *msimamizi* ).

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AKARABU/AKRABU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-04-2022, 01:52 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AKARABU/AKRABU'

Neno *akarabu* hutamkwa pia *akrabu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* mshale katika uso wa saa unaoonyesha ama saa, dakika au sekunde.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* mshale unaoonyesha uzito katika mizani.

3. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* mshale unaoonyesha upande fulani katika uso wa dira.
Msemo: *Akarabu/Akrabu Kaskazini:* Upande wa Kaskazini.

4. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-]* mkusanyiko wa nyota unaofanya umbo la *nge* angani.

5. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-]* alama ya nge katika mfumo wa unajimu wa kutumia nyota.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *akarabu/akrabu* limekopwa kutoka nomino ya Kiarabu  *aqarabun/aqaraban/aqarabin عقرب* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mdudu mdogo mwenye sumu nyingi anayechoma kwa mwiba wa sumu ulio katika ncha ya mkia wake.

2.  Moja ya nyota zilizo angani iliyo kati ya nyota za *Mizani* na *Mshale* na wakati wake unaanzia  tarehe 24 Oktoba hadi tarehe  21 Novemba.

3. Aina ya samaki mwenye kichwa kikubwa ambaye hupatikana katika *Bahari ya Kati* (Bahari ya Mediteranea).

4. Mikanda ya viatu aina ya Kandambili.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili *aqarabun/aqaraban/aqarabin عقرب* ) lilipokopwa na kutoholewa kuwa neno *akarabu/akrabu* lilichukua baadhi ya maana za lugha ya asili - Kiarabu na kuacha maana zingine na pia lilipata maana mpya ya upande
*Akarabu/Akrabu Kaskazini:* Upande wa Kaskazini.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ISTIARA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-04-2022, 05:12 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ISTIARA'

Neno *istiara*  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana ya taratibu za usemi ambapo neno hutumiwa kwa maana tofauti na ile ya msingi.

Neno *istiara* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *istiaaratun/istiaaratan/ustiaaratin استعارة* lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Tendo-jina *masdar مصدر* la kitenzi cha Kiarabu *ista-aara استعار* ameazima.

2. Katika Taaluma ya Balagha ya Kiarabu, utanzu wa *Al-Bayaan البيان* ni kulitumia neno pasipo mahali pake kutokana na kuwepo mfanano kati ya maana ya msingi na ile maana ya kuazima ( *majaazi مجاز*). Mfano: *Ra-aytu Asadan Yuhaaribu*, nimemuona simba akipigana vita.
Hapa neno *asadun/simba* halikutumika kwa maana yake ya msingi bali limetumika kwa maana ya kuazima ( *majaaz مجاز*) kuashiria *mtu shujaa*.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *istiaaratun استعارة* lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *istiara*  maana yake katika lugha asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika.

*TANBIHI:*
*Al-istiaaratu الإستعارة* katika lugha ya Kiarabu ni *kukihamisha kitu kutoka sehemu moja kwenda sehemu nyingine*, kama vile kusema: *nimeazima kutoka kwa fulani kitu fulani.*
Na katika Taaluma ya *Balagha* ya Kiarabu, utanzu wa *Al-Bayaan* maana ya istilahi hii ni kutumia neno au maana pasipo mahali pake, au kulileta neno kutokana na kuwepo mfanano (tashbihi) kati ya maneno mawili kwa lengo la kupanua fikra, au kuondoa nguzo moja ya tashbihi ya Kiarabu kwa mfano mshairi wa Kiarabu alipotongoa: *Waidhal Maniyyatu Anshabat Adhfaarahaa  وإذا المنية انشبت اظفارها* _na kifo kilipokunjua makucha yake._ Kifo hakina kucha lakini hapa utaona nguzo moja ya tashbihi imeondolewa nayo ni kinachofananishiwa *mushabbahun bihi مشبه به* mnyama simba mwenye makucha.
*Al- stiaaratun الإستعارة (istiara)* imetumika kwa kulitumia neno kinyume cha matumizi yake ya kawaida.

Katika *Balagha ya Kiarabu,* utanzu wa *Al-Bayaan* *tashbihi* ina nguzo nne:
1. *Mushabbahun مشبه* kinachofananishwa.
2. *Mushabbahun Bihii  مشبه به* kinachofananishiwa.
3. *Adaatut tashbiiihi أداة التشبيه* chombo cha kufananisha. 
4. *Wajhush Shabah وجه الشبه* sura ya mfanano.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MAHARI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-02-2022, 05:54 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'MAHARI'

Neno *mahari*  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: ya-/ya-]* yenye maana ya mali anayotoa mwanamume na kuwapa wazazi wa mwanamke anayetarajia kumwoa; mali au fedha itolewayo na wazazi wa mwanamume kwa wazazi wa msichana anayetaka kuolewa.

Neno *mahari* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *mahrun/mahran/mahrin مهر* lenye maana kile anachotoa mume kumpa mkewe kwa ajili ya kufunga ndoa kati yao.

Neno lingine la Kiarabu lenye maana ya mahari ni *swadaaqu صداق.*

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *mahrun مهر* lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *mahari*  maana yake katika lugha asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'TAMRINI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-01-2022, 06:22 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'TAMRINI'

Neno *tamrini*  katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mazoezi yanayotolewa baada ya kufundisha somo fulani.

2. Jambo linalofanywa mara mwa mara na watu fulani kama kanuni; desturi, mwenendo.

Neno *tamrini* limechukuliwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *tamriinun/tamriinan/tamriinin تمرين* lenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Majaribio yanayotolewa baada kufundisha somo fulani kama vile lugha au hesabati.

2. Mazoezi ya viungo na ufundishaji mbinu mbalimbali za mchezo fulani  kwa lengo la kuimarisha mwili na kuuweka tayari. 

3. Mazoezi maalumu ya tasnia fulani kama vile mazoezi ya kijeshi.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno la Kiarabu  *tamriinun تمرين* lilipoingia  katika Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *tamrini*  maana zake katika lugha asili - Kiarabu hazikubadilika.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  AINA ZA ALOMOFU
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 05-28-2022, 02:29 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


.pdf   Aina za Alomofu.pdf (Size: 79.2 KB / Downloads: 9)

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