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  JE, NI KWELI KISWAHILI KILIZALIWA ZANZIBAR?
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-06-2022, 05:11 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

Jee Ni Kweli Kiswahili Kilizaliwa Zanzibar?
Hakika ilikuwa ni furaha kubwa kuona shamra shamra za Tuzo za Kiswahili jijini Dar-es-Salaam – Tazama Video - kibonyezi kiko tini ya ujumbe huu. Na kwa kupata Waziri Mkuu katika sherehe kama hii ni jambo la kutia moyo sana! Naomba tuzo hizi, tini ya uongozi wa wapenzi wa Kiswahili mbali mbali ulimwenguni, zitaendelea kukikuza Kiswahili na Fasihi yake.
Mbali na hayo, baina ya dakika ya ishirini na mbili (22) na dakika ya ishirini na nne (24) ya video hii, Waziri Mkuu wa Tanzania, Bwana Kassim Majaliwa, amesema jambo ambalo limenistaajabisha mno! Amesema,
“… Kwetu Tanzania ambako Kiswahili ndiyo kilizaliwa. … Kiswahili kilizaliwa Zanzibar, kikahamia bara, kikasambaa nchini Kenya. …"
Kusema kweli historia hii ya Kiswahili nlikuwa siijui! Mimi siku zote nikidhania hichi Kiswahili chanzo chake ni Kingozi, na nikidhania Kingozi shina lake liko katika maeneo yalioko kwenye Mwambao wa (au Pwani ya) nti tuijuayo leo kama Kenya – yaani miji kama vile Lamu, Mambasa, na Vanga. Sasa leo kusikia kuwa Kiswahili, hata kabla ya kufika Pwani ya Kenya kilipita “Tanzania bara” (Tanganyika) kwanza, nimeshangazwa mno!
Katika magwiji au wataalamu wa lugha ya Kiswahili niliowasiliana nao na kuwauliza ikiwa ni kweli kuwa Kiswahili kilizaliwa Zanzibar? Mmoja alinambia kuwa,
“Hapana ushuhuda wa aina yoyote kwamba Kiswahili 'kilizaliwa Zanzibar.' Hayo yaliosemwa ni maoni yasiyokuwa na msingi.” 
Na wa pili alisema kuwa, 
“Si kweli! Hayo si maoni yaliyotokana na utafiti wa kitaaluma wala hayakubaliani na ushahidi wa kihistoria.”
Khatari ninayoiona mimi ni kuwa jambo kama hili likiwa limesemwa na mtu mwenye wadhifa mkubwa sana kama huo, kwenye nchi yenye kukipenda na kukikuza Kiswahili kama Tanzania, basi huenda likaishilia kwenye vitabu vya shule, na wanafunzi (na raia) wataanza kusoma jambo hilo na hatimae litatukuliwa kuwa ni “kweli” ambayo itakuwa ni vigumu kui-challenge katika miaka ijayo.
Mimi nadhani pana umuhimu wa riwaya hii ya kiongozi wetu huyu mpendwa (na hakika nampenda yeye Waziri Mkuu na nampenda sana Raisi wa Tanzania) kuwa-challenged sasa kabla ya jambo hilo halijamea mizizi! Ndia moja ya kuli-challenge jambo hili ni watu wenye kuheshimika katika lugha ya Kiswahili kuandika makala (Op-ed) kwenye magazeti ya Tanzania na Kenya (na piya kwenye mihadhara na kwenye vyombo vyingine vya khabari) kuyasahihisha maneno hayo ya Waziri Mkuu na kusema kuwa tunakhitilafiana nayo kwa sababu hii na hii na hii. Yaani, ni muhimu ijulikane wazi kuwa kuna watu hawakubaliani kabisa na riwaya hiyo.
Kwanza wa-Zanzibari ndiyo walipata fursa ya lahaja yao kutumiwa kama “Standard” Kiswahili. Na pili leo tumeanza “kuelimishwa” kuwa Kiswahili kimeanza huko piya! Mimi sina vita na watu wa Zanzibar, na ukitaka kweli ni kuwa ni watu ninaowapenda sana kwenye dhati ya nafsi yangu na ni watu niloingiliana nao kwa damu na mahabba makubwa. Lakini piya ni mtu ambaye napenda haki na ukweli; na napenda haki na ukweli zidumishwe. Na ikiwa hatutovidumisha hivi basi sote tutakuwa mas-ulia kwa vizazi vijavyo kwa kunyamaa kimya kwa kupotolewa historia ya lugha yetu.
Na yawezekana sana kuwa Waziri Mkuu hakukusudia kuipotoa historia bali ni kutojuwa kwake tu. Kwa hivyo upo umuhimu aelezwe kwa ndia ya heshima na adabu kuwa hayo aliyoyasema ni “maoni yasiyokuwa na msingi” na “si maoni yaliyotokana na utafiti wa kitaaluma wala hayakubaliani na ushahidi wa kihistoria.”
Na ni matumaini yangu kuwa atakapoelezwa haya Waziri Mkuu (na wengineo wenye maoni kama hayo), wataweza kukubali makosa yao.
Natumai mutayasambaza makala haya kwa wapenzi wa Kiswahili na kwenye makundi ya Kiswahili yaliopo kwenye vyombo kama vya Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, na piya kwenye idara za Kiswahili za vyombo vya Khabari (Televisheni, maredio, na magazeti), na za Vyuo Vikuu vilioko Tanzania, Kenya, na nchi nyinginezo.
Ahsanteni sana.
Ndugu Yenu,
Muhammad bin Yusuf

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AJILA' NA 'AJILANI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-05-2022, 09:01 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AJILA' NA 'AJILANI'

Neno *ajila* katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* hali ya kufanya kitu kwa haraka; fanya jambo himahima.

2. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* utendaji jambo bila kukawia.

3. *Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* umuhimu.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *ajila* limekopwa kutoka nomino ya Kiarabu  *aajilun/aajilan/aajilin عاجل*  yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mwenye kufanya haraka.

2. Hali ya kutokea jambo kwa haraka.

3. Jina lingine la dunia; mahali pa kupita kwa haraka.

Neno *ajilani* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni kielezi chenye maana ya bila kukawia, mara moja, hivi sasa.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *ajilani* limekopwa kutoka nomino ya Kiarabu  *ajlaanu/ajlaana  عجلان*  yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mwenye kufanya mambo yake haraka haraka.

2. Mwenye kutembea kwa haraka kuwahi shughuli zake.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa maneno *ajila* na *ajilani* yalipokopwa kutoka Kiarabu hayakuacha maana zake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu isipokuwa Waswahili waliliweka neno *ajilani*  katika kategori mpya - *kielezi*  na kulipa neno *ajila* maana mpya - umuhimu

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  HALI YA LUGHA YA KISWAHILI KATIKA SHULE ZA SEKONDARI: UDHALILISHAJI WA LUGHA YA TAIFA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-05-2022, 10:16 AM - Forum: Nyaraka muhimu kuhusu lugha - No Replies


.pdf   HALI YA LUGHA YA KISWAHILI KATIKA SHULE ZA SEKONDARI TANZANIA UDHALILISHAJI WA LUGHA YA TAIFA.pdf (Size: 144.47 KB / Downloads: 6)

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AKARABU/AKRABU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-04-2022, 03:26 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'AKARABU/AKRABU'

Neno akarabu hutamkwa pia akrabu katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-] mshale katika uso wa saa unaoonyesha ama saa, dakika au sekunde.

2. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-] mshale unaoonyesha uzito katika mizani.

3. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/zi-] mshale unaoonyesha upande fulani katika uso wa dira.
Msemo: Akarabu/Akrabu Kaskazini: Upande wa Kaskazini.

4. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-] mkusanyiko wa nyota unaofanya umbo la nge angani.

5. Nomino [Ngeli: i-/i-] alama ya nge katika mfumo wa unajimu wa kutumia nyota.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno akarabu/akrabu limekopwa kutoka nomino ya Kiarabu  aqarabun/aqaraban/aqarabin عقرب yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mdudu mdogo mwenye sumu nyingi anayechoma kwa mwiba wa sumu ulio katika ncha ya mkia wake.

2.  Moja ya nyota zilizo angani iliyo kati ya nyota za Mizani na Mshale na wakati wake unaanzia  tarehe 24 Oktoba hadi tarehe  21 Novemba.

3. Aina ya samaki mwenye kichwa kikubwa ambaye hupatikana katika Bahari ya Kati (Bahari ya Mediteranea).

4. Mikanda ya viatu aina ya Kandambili.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili aqarabun/aqaraban/aqarabin عقرب ) lilipokopwa na kutoholewa kuwa neno akarabu/akrabu lilichukua baadhi ya maana za lugha ya asili - Kiarabu na kuacha maana zingine na pia lilipata maana mpya ya upande
Akarabu/Akrabu Kaskazini: Upande wa Kaskazini.

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  CHIMBUKO MABADILIKO NA MAENDELEO YA TAMTHIYA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-03-2022, 12:24 PM - Forum: Tamthiliya - No Replies


.pdf   MODULI_YA_PILI_CHIMBUKO_MABADILIKO_NA_MA (1).pdf (Size: 31.72 KB / Downloads: 3)

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  KISWAHILI BIDHAA KUBWA DUNIANI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-03-2022, 06:27 AM - Forum: Kiswahili Kimataifa - No Replies

   

KISWAHILI BIDHAA KUBWA DUNIANI

Watanzania wana rasilimali adhimu

Gazeti la Alhuda Alhamisi  Februari 3, 2022 linaandika kwamba:

Kiswahili ni bidhaa yenye thamani kubwa inayohitaji kuthaminiwa ili iipatie nchi tija na kueneza mila na tabia zake za kiungwana kwa wengine nje ya nchi.

Aidha bidhaa hiyo haina budi kuuzwa na wamiliki wenyewe ili sanjari na kupata faida wafunze matumizi, miiko na mila zake ili lugha hiyo iathiri tabia zake kwa watumiaji hasa wageni.

Hayo yamesemwa na Nguli wa Kiswahili Profesa Tigiti Mnyagatwa Sengo akizungumza na gazeti hili nyumbani kwake Manzese jijini Dar es Salaam.

“Mimi siafiki kuwa Tanzania tuna makabila 120, ni zaidi ya hapo, lakini Kiswahili kimeweza kuchomoza na kuathiri maisha ya watanzania wote, lazima tukubali tuna tofauti kihulka na kimienendo kulingana na makabila yetu, wako wakali walio tayari hata kutoa uhai wa wengine na wako wengineo, lakini wote hao wamejikuta wakidhibitiwa na mila na tabia zinazotokana na lugha ya Kiswahili katika kuamiliana kijamii ambako kumeleta Amani na utulivu usiopatikana Taifa lingine  Afrika na sehemu kubwa ya dunia”, amesema Profesa Sengo.

Amewataka watanzania waichukulie lugha ya kiswahili kama neema inayopaswa kushukuriwa kwa kumtukuza mwenye lugha yake, Mwenyezi Munga Muumbaji ambaye hakuwajalia wengine ila waishio kipande hiki cha dunia kinachoitwa Tanzania.

“Tunasikia yanayoendelea kwa majirani zetu na nchi nyingine, tujaribu kulinganisha na hali iliyopo nchini, kama isingelikuwa mila na dasturi zinazoedana na lugha yetu adhimu ya kiswahili, hapa penye makabila zaidi ya 120 hali ingekuwa mbaya zaidi”, amekumbusha Profesa Sengo ambaye ni mmoja wanafunzi Waalimu walioasisi idara ya Kiswahili ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam mwanzoni mwa miaka 1970.

Profesa Sengo ambaye kabla ya kustaafu amefundisha Vyuo vikuu kadhaa ndani na nje ya nchi  amewaasa Watanzania na hasa vijana kuzungumza lugha yao kama inavyotakiwa kuzungumzwa badala ya kuchanganya lugha yao na ama lugha nyingine kwa namna isiyoakisi ufahamu au kutumia maneno yasiyozalikana nayo.

“Ninakerwa ninaposikia neno ‘Mtalaa’ linatamkwa ‘mtaala’, neno ‘hakunaga’, ni budi na uwekaji wa ‘R’ kwahala kwa ‘L’ na kinyume chake, neno Mrabaha kutamkwa mrahaba, hatujui hata neno umilisi(fluency) badala yake tunatohoa neno la kigeni bila sababu za msingi”, ametahadharisha Profesa Sengo.

Amesema zama za RTD, uhariri na matumizi ya lugha uliwezesha Kiswahili kuenea na kuathiri watumiaji wa lugha nyingine, badala yake kukosekana kwa umakini huo hivi sasa kumehatarisha hadhi  na nafasi ya lugha hiyo miongoni mwa watumiaji hasa wageni.

“Tujitahidi kuzungumza Kiswahili na kukifunza kitaalamu kwa kuzingatia asili na jadi ya lugha hiyo ili kizungumzwe na kuambukiza tabia na miiko yake kwamba mtu akiweza kuzungumza Kiswahili aondokane na tabia za ukakasi zinatokana na lugha yake mama”, ameasa.

Amesema kwenye Kiswahili kuna maneno ‘naomba’, tafadhali, upole, uungwana na ukarimu hata kwenye kuuza na kununua, hata kwenye magomvi na mivutano kuna aina ya maneno yanayotumika yanayosuluhisha magomvi kimya kimya, lakini pia kuna masuala ya utani baina ya makabila yaliyosigana na kupigana huko nyuma.
Kwa ajili hiyo amewaasa watanzania na hasa wizara husika ya Sanaa na Utamaduni kuhakikisha fursa ya kukifunza Kiswahili na tabia zake nje ya nchi itumiwe vema ili iweze kunufaisha Tanzania kiuchumi na kijamii kwa mataifa ya kigeni badala ya fursa hiyo kubebwa na wengine wasio na asili nacho kwa tamaa ya chumo peke yake.

Hata hivyo Profesa Sengo ameshauri kuwa Wizara ya Utamaduni ingewekwa peke yake kwa kuwa ndiyo Wizara mama iliyozaa Elimu ikikusanya mila, jadi, dasturi, Miiko na Imani za Watanzania zinazohitaji miongozo maalum na umakini mkubwa badala ya kuchanganywa na Sanaa na michezo na hasa mpira wa miguu ambao umebeba utendaji mkubwa wa wizara hiyo.
Profesa Sengo amesifu upenzi wa Simba na Yanga nao umesaidia sana kukuza lugha ya Kiswahili ambapo amefichua matangazo ya RTD ya mpira wa Yanga na Simba zama hizo yalisikilizwa nchi nzima na kwamba lugha iliyotumika ni Kiswahili.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'KARIBU' NA 'AKARABA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-02-2022, 11:23 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'KARIBU' NA 'AKARABA'

Neno *karibu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *kielezi* chenye maana zifuatazo:

1. -a karibu na muda, -siokuwa ya zamani, -siochukua muda mrefu kutokea.

2. -siokuwa mbali na eneo.

3. -a chupuchupu; almanusura.

4. -siokuwa mbali kwa idadi; kiwango cha kukadiria.
Mfano: Walihudhuria watu karibu 1000.
Msemo: Karibu aangukie pua: Nusura adhurike.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *karibu* ni nomino ya Kiarabu  *qariibun/qariiban/qariibin قريب* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Sio mbali.

2.  Muda mfupi uliopita

3. Muda mfupi ujao.

4. Mwenye ukaribu wa nasaba/ukoo; jamaa/ndugu.

Neno *akaraba* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino [Ngeli: a-/wa-] yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Ndugu wa karibu kwa upande wa kuumeni au kuukeni.
Mfano: Mnuta ni akaraba wangu wa kuumeni.

2. Mtu wa familia yako wa ukoo mmoja nawe; jamaa yako.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *akaraba* limekopwa kutoka neno la Kiarabu *aqribaau* (soma: *aqribaau/aqribaa-a اقرباء* ) ambalo ni nomino wingi wa neno karibu (soma: *qariibun/qariiban/qariibin قريب*) lenye maana ya ndugu/jamaa wa mtu *aqribaaul Insaani اقرباء الإنسان* .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa Waswahili wamelichukua neno *karibu* (soma: *qariibun/qariiban/qariibin قريب* )  wakalifanya kielezi na kulipa maana kadhaa zinazokaribiana na maana zake katika lugha asili - Kiarabu na maana nyinginezo huku wakiacha maana yake ya *ndugu wa karibu* na kisha wakalichukua neno *akaraba* linalotokana na neno *aqribaau* lililo wingi wa neno *karibu (qariibun  قريب)* wakalipa maana za neno *qariibun قريب* katika lugha ya Kiarabu.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  USHAIRI WA KISWAHILI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-01-2022, 07:50 AM - Forum: Fasihi kwa ujumla - No Replies


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  LAHAJA NI NINI ?
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 02-01-2022, 07:49 AM - Forum: Lahaja za Kiswahili - No Replies


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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'BABU' NA 'ABUWABU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 01-31-2022, 08:30 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

*TANBIHI: KWA KUTEKELEZA USHAURI WA WADAU WA MAKALA HAYA YA ETIMOLOJIA WALIOTAKA KUORODHESHWA MAANA ZOTE ZA NENO BABU KATIKA KISWAHILI, KWA UNYENYEKEVU MKUBWA TUMETEKELEZA HILO*

*HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'BABU' NA 'ABUWABU'.*

Neno *babu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino: [Ngeli: a-/wa- , wingi: mababu]* i) baba mzazi wa baba au mama, ii) mzee mwanamume, iii) msimbo au jina la kujipangia wanalojiita wanawake kwenye shughuli au mikusanyiko yao.

2. *Nomino: [Ngeli: a-/wa-]* mshauri au kiongozi wa kiume katika chama au kikundi cha wanawake.

3. Maradhi ya kukakamaa mwili mzima na kupoteza fahamu yanayowashambulia watoto wadogo; degedege.

4. *Nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* kipimo au kiwango maalumu cha kitu aghalabu kitambaa cha nguo.

5. *Nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* mahali pa kuingilia katika jengo; mlango.

6. *Nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-]* sehemu ya kitabu, onyesho, sura, wajihi, juzuu.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *babu* ni nomino ya Kiarabu  *baabun/baaban/baabin باب* yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Sehemu ya kuingilia katika jengo, nyumba, chumba na mfano wake.

2.  Kitu kinachoziba sehemu ya kuingilia au kutokea katika jengo, nyumba, chumba na mfano wake na kinachotengenezwa kutokana na mbao, chuma na kadhalika.

3. Sehemu ya kitabu inayozungumzia maudhui fulani; *faslu* .

Neno *abuwabu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-, wingi: ziabuwabu]* fremu zenye mifuniko zilizopachikwa kwenye sehemu za wazi katika jengo na zilizotengwa kwa ajili ya kuingilia au kutokea.

2. *Nomino: [Ngeli: i-/zi-, wingi: ziabuwabu]* nafasi katika ukuta wa jengo inayoweza kufungwa au kufunguliwa kuruhusu kutoka au kuingia.

3. Milango (kishairi).

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno *abuwabu* (soma: *ab-waabun/ab-waaban/ab-waabin ابواب* ) ni nomino iliyo wingi wa neno la Kiarabu *baabun/baaban/baabin  باب* tulilolifafanua hapo juu.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa Waswahili wamelichukua neno *babu* (soma: *baabun/baaban/baabin باب* )  wakalipa maana ya *mlango na sura katika kitabu*  na wakalichukua neno *abuwabu* ambalo ni wingi wa neno la Kiarabu *baabun باب* wakalipa maana ya *mlango* na Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu (TUKI/1981) ikasajili maana ile ya lugha ya asili - Kiarabu, *milango* lakini ikaipambanua kuwa ni maana ya kishairi.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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