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  UTANGULIZI MUHIMU KATIKA TAFSIRI NA UKALIMANI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-19-2021, 08:25 AM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies


.pdf   TAFSIRI NA UKALIMANI(0).pdf (Size: 1.66 MB / Downloads: 23)

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'ABIRI' na 'ABIRIA'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-18-2021, 08:31 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'ABIRI' na 'ABIRIA'

Neno abiri katika lugha ya Kiswahili lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Nomino* : Harufu nzuri inayonukia; manukato ya kupendeza.

2. *Kitenzi elekezi:*
(i) fafanua jambo kwa vizuri, (ii) eleza jambo litakavyojiri; tabiri.

3. *Kitenzi si elekezi:*
(i) safiri kutoka eneo moja kwenda jingine kwa kutumia chombo chochote cha usafiri.
(ii) fanya safari kwa chombo cha majini.

4. *Kitenzi si elekezi:* elimika na jambo kwa kutumia mfano uliokwishatokea. (Visawe: tahadhari; jihadhari; kuwa mwangalifu.)

5. *Kitenzi si elekezi:* ingia katika chombo cha kusafiri, kwa mfano, meli, basi, mashua na kadhalika.

Neno *abiria* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni *nomino* yenye maana ya: mtu anayetoka mahali fulani na kwenda pengine kwa kutumia chombo kwa mfano, basi, treni na kadhalika na ambaye si mfanyakazi wa chombo hicho.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *abiri* limetokana na vitenzi vya Kiarabu *abara* *عبر*  na pia *abbara* *عبر* vyenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Amevuka (barabara au mto).

2. Amesafiri na chombo cha majini.

3. Amekufa/Amefariki/Ametawafu.

4. Amepita/Yamepita.

5. Ameieleza vyema habari fulani.

6. Amefasiri ndoto. 

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili ( *abara* *عبر*) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa kuwa neno *abiri* , maana yake katika lugha ya asili - Kiarabu haikubadilika ingawa lilichukua baadhi za maana na kuacha maana zingine.

Ama neno *abiria* , hili si neno halisi la Kiarabu bali ni matokeo ya usanifishaji na unyambulishaji wa neno *abiri* kutoka neno la Kiarabu *abara/abbara.*

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  SHAJARA YA MWANA MZIZIMA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-18-2021, 08:03 PM - Forum: Wasifu/Tawasifu - No Replies


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*Shajara ya Mwana Mzizim
*Ali*Shajara ya msomea Dua Nyerere, Nyota Yake Ikang’ara*
*Jumbe Muhammad Tambaza*

*JUMBE Muhammad Tambaza,* ni mmoja katika wapigania uhuru mashuhuri wa nchi hii ambao, historia inawataja kama ni watu waliotoa mchango mkubwa sana katika kufanikisha kumng’oa Mkoloni Mwingereza, katika ardhi yetu tukufu.

Hayati Mzee Tambaza, ambaye alifariki mnamo mwaka 1978 hivi, anaingizwa katika kundi moja la watu wa mwanzo kabisa waliompokea kwa furaha na upendo kijana Julius Nyerere kutoka Butiama, alipofika jijini Dar es Salaam kwa kumuunga mkono ‘mia kwa mia’, katika harakati zake za kupigania uhuru wa Tanganyika kwenye miaka ya 1950s.

Wanaharakati wengine aliokuwa nao ni pamoja na Mzee Mwinjuma Mwinyikambi wa Mwananyamala; Mzee John Rupia wa Mission Quarters; Sheikh Suleiman Takadir; Sheikh Haidar Mwinyimvua (Kisutu); Mzee Max Mbwana (Kariakoo); Zubeir Mwinshehe Mtemvu (Gerezani) pamoja na familia ya Mzee Azizi Ali (Mtoni) na ile ya Kleist Sykes (Gerezani), Dar es Salaam.

Ukoo wa Diwan Tambaza Zarara bin Mwinyi-Kitembe, ndio waliokuwa wenyeji wa maeneo ya katikati ya jiji wakati huo, wakihodhi eneo la ardhi yote ya Upanga, iliyosambaa kuanzia Daraja la Selender kuelekea Palm Beach Hotel, hadi Ikulu ya Magogoni kwa upande mmoja; na kwa upande mwengine maeneo yote kutoka Aga Khan Hospital, Ocean Road Hospital, Kivukoni Front (makaburi ya asili ya wanandugu wengine yako pale Wizara ya Utumishi, Magogoni) kwenda Mnara wa Saa pale Uhuru Street na vilivyomo ndani yake.

Habari zinasema kwamba, katika siku za mwanzo tu za kupambana na Mwingereza, wazee mashuhuri wa hapa Dar es Salaam walikutana na kuamua kumfanyia ‘zindiko’ na ‘tambiko’ la kijadi, pamoja na kumwombea dua maalumu kijana mdogo, Julius Nyerere, ili kumkinga na waovu na pia kuifanya nyota yake ing’are juu ya wote wenye nia mbaya naye; wakiwamo watawala wa Kiingereza, hasa Gavana Twinning.

Katika moja ya hotuba zake za kuaga aliyoitoa mnamo Novemba 5, 1985, Nyerere alilikumbumbuka tukio hilo na hapa chini anasimulia:

“…Mimi nimeanza siasa na wazee wa Dar es Salaam; na wazee wa Tanzania…na mambo makubwa kama haya kama hayana baraka za wazee hayaendi… huwa magumu sana. Wanasema ngoma ya watoto haikeshi! Mimi nilipata baraka za wazee tangu zamani; tangu awali kabisa.

“Sasa siku moja, Dosa akanifuata Magomeni (nyumbani kwake) akasema: ‘Leo wazee wanakutaka. Wapi? Kwa Mzee Jumbe Tambaza. Wanakutaka usiku. Nikasema haya, nitakuja. Nikaenda. Nikakuta wazee wameshakaa wameniita kijana wao kuniombea dua. Mimi Mkristo wao Waislamu watupu. Wakaniombea dua za ubani. Tukamaliza.”

Anahadithia Mwalimu na kuendelea:

“Tulipomaliza wakasema kuna dua pia za wazee wao. Basi wakanitoa nje. Tukatoka. Zilipomalizika… zilikuwa za Korani; sasa zikaja dua za wazee… za jadi, “…walikuwa na beberu la mbuzi… wamechimba shimo. Wakaniambia simama. Nikasimama beberu akachinjwa huku anaambiwa Twinning ‘umekwisha’… nikaambiwa tambuka… nikavuka lile shimo na baada ya hapo nikaambiwa …basi nenda zako kuanzia leo Twinning amekwisha!”

Mwalimu alimaliza kusimulia namna alivyofanyiwa dua na tambiko nyumbani kwa Mzee Tambaza, Upanga jijini.

(Picha ya Baraza la Wazee wa TANU kutoka kitabu cha Saadan Abdu Kandoro, ''Wito wa Uhuru'')

Kutawaliwa na Wazungu kuliwakera na kuwakasirisha watu wengi sana, kutokana na kule kudharauliwa ndani ya nchi yao wenyewe na watu wengine; hasa pale walipominywa katika kupatiwa huduma muhimu kama elimu bora, matibabu na mahala pazuri pa kuishi.

Pamoja na mambo mengi mengine yaliyokuwa mabaya kutokana na kutawaliwa, yamo pia na yale ya kuwekwa kwa madaraja katika utoaji huduma muhimu. Sisi, wana wa nchi hii, hatukuwa na shule za maana hata kidogo; watu wote sisi tukasomee shule moja tu (Mchikichini) mpaka darasa la nne; kwa nini hasa kama siyo dharau?

Nyumba zetu za kukaa zilikuwa za ovyo zilijengwa kwa miti na kukandikwa udongo na juu ni makuti, tena hapa hapa mjini Dar es Salaam, sikwambii vijijini; umeme uko kwenye taa za barabarani na siyo majumbani mwetu. Tukiwasha vibatari na taa za ‘chemli za Aladin’ kwa wenye uwezo kidogo kila siku.

Hospitali ziliishia kutoa kama huduma fulani ya mwanzo tu (First Aid). Haikuwapo hospitali ya Amana, Temeke, Mnazi Mmoja, Mwananyamala wala Mbagala. Tuliponea kibahatibahati tu kwa mizizi na majani ya porini. Ukiwa na homa kali basi chemsha mwarobaini; tumbo la kuendesha chemsha majani ya mpera au mpapai nani akupe ‘antibiotic wewe’.

Hospitali ya Muhimbili, yenye maabara na vipimo pamoja na madaktari bingwa, ilijengwa mwaka 1957 - ni juzi tu - kwa heshima ya Binti Mfalme Margareth II, aliyekuwa na ziara ya kutembelea makoloni ili aje kufungua rasmi hospitali hiyo. Kiwanja kilitolewa kwa hisani ya familia ya Mzee Jumbe Tambaza, ambapo miembe ile mikubwa inayoonekana mpaka leo pale ilikuwa shambani kwa kina Tambaza.

Kwa hivyo basi, ukiacha labda homa na vidonda, magonjwa mengine yote kwetu ilikuwa ni kifo tu. Umri mkubwa wa kuishi kwa wastani ulikuwa ni miaka 30.

Mzee Jumbe Tambaza, ambaye jina lake linanasibishwa na shule maarufu ya Sekondari ya Tambaza ya jijini - hana uhusiano wowote na shule hiyo - shule ilipewa jina lake kutokana na eneo iliyopo na kwa kuthamini mchango wake katika kupigania uhuru.

Kabla ya hapo, wakati huo wa ubaguzi wa rangi na matabaka, shule hiyo na ile ya msingi iliyo jirani nayo inayoitwa Muhimbili Primary, zilikuwa mahsusi kwa vijana wa Kihindi tu – hasa Ismailia - zikijulikana kama ‘Aga Khan Schools’ na kamwe hawakuwa wakisoma Waswahili na Kiswahili pale.

Shamba la Mzee Jumbe Tambaza pale Upanga, lilianzia mbele kidogo ilipo Shule ya Jangwani Wasichana (ambayo wakati wa ukoloni ilijengwa na serikali wasome watoto wa kike wa Kihindi tu, na ile Shule ya Azania ilikuwa kwa watoto wa Kihindi wa kiume), na kutambaa moja kwa moja mpaka lilipo Daraja la Selender pale baharini.

Eneo la Majengo ya Hospitali ya Muhimbili ilikuwa mali ya Jumbe Tambaza na marehemu nduguze (Msakara, Kudura na Mwamtoro Tambaza). Kutokana na kukosekana kwa hospitali ya maana ya rufaa kwa ajili ya Waafrika (kwa sababu ya ubaguzi tu), hayati Mzee Tambaza alitoa eneo lote lile la Muhimbili ijengwe hospitali ya Waafrika ili kupunguza vifo vilivyotokana na kukosa tiba sahihi.

Kijihospitali kidogo kwa ajili ya watu Weusi kilikuwapo pale jirani na Kituo cha Kati cha Polisi (Central Police Station) jijini, ikiitwa Sewa Haji Hospital, kwa heshima ya mfadhili aliyeijenga kusaidia jamii masikini. Sewa Haji alikuwa mkazi wa Bagamoyo mwenye asili ya Kibulushi kutoka Persia. Baada ya kujengwa hospitali ya Muhimbili, jengo moja katika yale matatu makuu, likaitwa Sewa Haji kama kumbukumbu yake.

Mjini Dar es Salaam wakati huo wa kibaguzibaguzi, serikali ya kikoloni haikutenga sehemu ya kuzikia watu weusi ambao walikuwa daraja la nne. Yale makaburi mashuhuri ya Kisutu, wakati huo yalikuwa ni ya watu wenye asili ya Kiarabu tu! Mwengine yoyote, ilibidi apelekwe kijijini kwao tu nje ya mji – Kunduchi, Mbweni, Msasani, Bagamoyo, Kisarawe, Maneromango na mikoani pia.

Sasa, ili kuondoa adha hiyo na usumbufu, Babu Mzee Tambaza, alitoa bure sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake itumike kwa watu wenye kuwa na shida ya kuzika ndugu zao jijini. Makaburi ya Tambaza siku hizo yalikuwa maarufu sana kuliko yalivyo yale ya Kisutu kwa sasa. Kamwe watu weusi hawakuwa wakizikwa Kisutu, kama ilivyo wakati huu.

Kufuatia hali hiyo, Jumbe Tambaza aliwashawishi binamu zake wawili, Mwinyimkuu Mshindo na Diwan Mwinyi Ndugumbi na wao wakatoa sehemu watu waweze kuzikana kule maeneo ya Mwinyimkuu, Magomeni Mapipa na Ndugumbi, Magomeni Makuti; makaburi ambayo mpaka leo yameendelea kutumika kuzikia watu wote.

Neno, ''Tambaza,'' limetokana na neno ''kutambaa,'' au ''kusambaa,'' eneo kubwa. Diwan Tambaza na nduguze walikuwa watawala wa sehemu mbalimbali za hapa Mzizima siku za nyuma kabla Waarabu, Wajerumani wa Wangereza kufika hapa. Nduguze wengine ni Diwan Uweje; Diwan Uzasana; Diwan Mwenye-Kuuchimba na Diwan Mwinyi Ndugumbi.

Majina hayo walijipachika wenyewe kiushindani, kujigamba na kujitukuza kuliko ndugu wengine; hivyo kimafumbo mafumbo, huyu akajiita hivi na yule akamjibu mwenzake vile; mwengine akajiita naye atakavyo, kutokana na uhodari na tawala thabiti walizoziongoza.

Majina hayo pandikizi, hata hivyo yalikuwa na maana yake kila moja; kama vile mtu aseme mimi ‘Mobutu Sese Seku Kuku Mbenju wa Zabanga’, ikiwa na maana ya ushujaa kwa ‘Batu ba Kongo na fasi ya Zairwaa!’

Sasa Diwan Tambaza alipojiita vile, nduguye Diwan Uweje akamjibu na kumwuliza hata ukiwa umesambaa ndio uweje? Mwengine naye akasema, ‘’Ah! Uliza sana wewe uambiwe.’’ Hivyo yeye akajita Diwan Uzasana. Diwan Mwenye-Kuuchimba, yeye alikuwa akitawala maeneo ya Mtoni Kijichi na Mbagala yake, akasema, ‘’Nyie wote mnacheza tu, ‘mimi ndiye mwenye kuuchimba!’’ Kwa maana ya kwamba ndio kiboko ya wote. Ilimradi hali ikawa ndiyo hiyo; na hizo ndio zama zao, kwani husemwa kila zama na kitabu chake.

Mwandishi wa makala haya, jina langu naitwa Abdallah Mohammed Saleh Tambaza. Babu yangu Mzee Saleh bin Abdallah Tambaza wa Zarara, anakuwa binamu wa Mzee Jumbe Muhammad Tambaza, yaani baba zao walikuwa ndugu.

Shamba la babu yangu mimi pamoja na kaka yake Kidato Tambaza, linasambaa kuanzia Don Bosco, Makao Makuu ya Jeshi, Diamond Jubilee, Msikiti Maamur (kaburi la babu na babake babu yamo ndani ya Msikiti wa Maamur unapoingia mkono wa kulia pale ukutani), kuelekea kwenye Jamat la Wahindi mpaka Mahakamani kule Kisutu.

Miembe, minazi na mizambarau ile ya asili inayoonekana Upanga, ilipandwa na babu yangu kwa ajili ya urithi wa wajukuu zake, itakapofika zamu yao kumiliki maeneo yale.

Kwa bahati mbaya sana, Wazungu Waingereza, wakaona mandhari ile nzuri ya Upanga, hawakustahili watu weusi kuishi pale na wakawaamuru babu zangu wahame wawapishe Wahindi raia daraja pili. Hii ni baada ya wao Wazungu daraja la kwanza kuchukua eneo lote la Oysterbay (sasa Masaki). Maeneo yote hayo mawili yenye upepo mwanana ni karibu kabisa na bahari.

Kitendo cha kumhamisha mtu nyumbani kwake kwa namna ile, halafu kumpa fidia uitakayo wewe, ni dharau, dhuluma na ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu. Wazee wale wastaarabu na wajanja hawakuwa na haja ya kuyauza maeneo yale, kwani ukiyaangalia utaona waliyapangilia ili vizazi na vizazi vya kwao viishi hapo.

Hii haihitaji mjadala wala maelezo marefu, lakini ni ushahidi tosha kwamba inaweza ikawa ndiyo sababu kubwa iliyomfanya Mzee Jumbe Tambaza awe mstari wa mbele kabisa katika kuwachukia watawala wa Kizungu na kumuunga mkono Nyerere kwa nguvu kubwa kama ile.

Mchango wa Mzee Jumbe Tambaza katika ukombozi wa nchi yetu haukutetereka hata kidogo, kwani hata pale rafiki yake mpenzi Sheikh Suleiman Takadir, alipotahadharisha watu kuwa makini na Nyerere maana ameonyesha kwamba siku za usoni angependelea zaidi jamaa zake, Mzee Jumbe hakumuunga mkono na akakubali Sheikh Takadiri atengwe na jamii kwa manufaa ya umoja wa kitaifa.

Jumbe Tambaza pia hakumuunga mkono Zubeir Mtemvu, kwenye suala la Kura Tatu ambalo ilibaki kidogo tu chama cha Tanu kingesambaratika na kuwa vipande viwili; lakini yeye alibaki na Nyerere wake mpaka dakika ya mwisho kule Tabora hadi kukasainiwa waraka wa ‘Uamuzi wa Busara’ ambao uliwapeleka TANU kwenye Uchaguzi wa Kura Tatu.

Katika picha ya pamoja iliyopigwa baada ya kutangazwa ushindi wa kuingia kwenye Kura Tatu kwa chama cha TANU, anayeonekana nyuma ya Mwalimu Nyerere pale Tabora ni Mzee Jumbe Tambaza. (Rejea kitabu Mohammed Said, ‘’Maisha na Nyakati za Abdulwahid Sykes… uk 275).

Kutokana na uaminifu wao usiotetereka kwa chama chao, Mzee Jumbe Tambaza na mwenziwe Mzee Mwinjuma Mwinyikambi; wazee wale wawili wa Kimashomvi kutoka Mzizima, kwa muda mrefu wamekuwa wajumbe wa kudumu (permanent seats) kwenye Kamati Kuu ya TANU bila kupigiwa kura; achilia mbali ule uwepo wao kwenye Baraza la Wazee wa TANU.

Mnamo mwanzo wa miaka ya mwanzoni 1950, Mzee Tambaza alitumbukizwa tena kwenye mgogoro mkubwa na serikali pale ilipokuwa inajenga upya Barabara ya Umoja wa Mataifa kutokea Faya kuelekea Daraja la Selander, ilipoamuliwa kwamba sehemu ya eneo la makaburi iondoke kupisha ujenzi huo.

Hayati Mzee Tambaza, alifungua kesi mahakamani dhidi ya serikali, kesi ambayo inatajwa kama moja ya kesi nzito (landmark cases) sana kutokea hapa nchini na Afrika Mashariki iliyogusa imani ya Dini ya Kiislamu; kwamba je, ni halali au si halali kufukua makaburi ya watu waliokufa?

Kesi ya Makaburi, kama ilivyokuja kujulikana, iliunguruma kwa muda mrefu na kujaza kurasa za mbele za magazeti wakati huo, kutokana na mabishano makali ya hoja (cross examinations) mahakamani baina ya mawakili wa pande mbili hasimu.

Wakati serikali ikiwatumia masheikh wazawa wa hapa waliosema kwamba inakubalika kufukua makaburi, Jumbe Tambaza aliwatumia masheikh wakubwa kutoka Mombasa na Zanzibar, akiwemo aliyekuwa Kadhi wa Zanzibar Abdallah Saleh Farsy kupinga hoja hizo.

Kwa kishindo kikubwa, Mzee Tambaza alishinda kesi ile na ikabidi barabara ile ipindishwe pale kwenye mteremko wa kutokea Faya na kuyaacha makaburi na vilivyo ndani yake kama yalivyo. Haraka haraka, Hayati Mzee Tambaza akafanya maamuzi ya kujenga msikiti ambao haukuwapo mahala hapo kabla ya tukio hili, kuepusha kujirudia.

Huyo ndiye Mzee Jumbe Muhammad Tambaza, mwanaharakati wa kupigania uhuru wa taifa hili wa kupigiwa mfano, aliyetetea na kutoa vyake kusaidia wanyonge wenziwe katika jamii yetu katika kipindi cha manyanyaso ya utawala dhalimu wa Malkia wa Uingereza. Alimfanyia madua na matambiko ya jadi Mwalimu Nyerere ili nuru yake ing’are kama mwezi na jua!

Ewe Mola Mghufirie madhambi yake – Ameen.

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  SHAIRI: LAAZIZI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-18-2021, 08:00 PM - Forum: Ushairi - No Replies

LAAZIZI

Moyo nimekupa shika, unipe wako na mie,
Zangu raha ukitaka, na zako unigawie,
Isije kuhangaika, moyo wangu situlie,
Yetu raha kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Yananikuta mashaka, ni wewe unipendae?
Unanipata wahaka, lako penzi linijae,
Mtima una haraka, wataka ufurahie,
Yetu raha kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Ikiwa unanitaka, moyoni nikutambae,
Nikapanda na kushuka, nibarizi niambae,
Jua sana ninachoka, siponipa nikupae,
Yetu raha kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Mapenzi kama sadaka, kwa yule umpendae,
Ila mzigo wa taka, kwaye akuchukiae,
Liwakapo huzimika, ja mabua yawakae,
Yetu raha kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Mapenzi yakifumuka, umpe umpendae,
Na ikiwa hakutaka, bure ukajisumbue,
Mana ninalalamika, iwaje unibanie?
Raha yetu kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Kiwa sikufarijika, kwawe nikuliliae,
Ujue nitaondoka, shingo sikugeukie,
Na siku ukinitaka, nami nikulimizie,
Raha yetu kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Kaditamati haraka, kwa heri nikupendae,
Jua ninahuzunika, vile uninyamazie,
Maradhi yananizuka, wako mwenza niugue,
Yetu raha kupeana, nipatie nikupae.

Mtunzi Filieda Sanga
Mama B
Mabibo Dsm
0753738704

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  MAKALA YA MAGOGOTO (Abdilatif Abdalla)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-18-2021, 07:43 AM - Forum: Ushairi - No Replies

MAREJEO yenyewe ya makala, "Kigogoto" ni haya:

1. S.A. Kandoro, Mashairi ya Saadani, Mwananchi Publishers, Dar es Salaam, 1972.

2. Kamusi la mwanzo, lililotayarishwa na F. Johnson, lilichapishwa na Oxford University Press kwa kushirikiana na Sheldon Press, mwaka 1935. Mawili yanayofuatia yalitayarishwa na Inter-Territorial Language Committee for the East African Dependencies, ikiongozwa na Frederick Johnson, na kuchapishwa na Oxford University Press mwaka 1939.

3. Na hapa nayasemea makamusi yahusianayo na Kiswahili, kwa sababu neno hili "fasihi" sasa nalihisabu kuwa ni la Kiswahili zaidi kuliko kuwa ni la Kiarabu, ingawa asili yake ni lugha ya Kiarabu.

4. Na katika shule za sekondari za Tanzania, somo hili lilianza kusomeshwa mwaka 1970.

5. Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, hili neno aadab ndilo lenye maana ya Literature.

6. Kuhusu kuanzishwa somo la Fasihi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, pia tizama makala ya Farouk M. Topan, "An Approach to the Teaching of Kiswahili Literature", yaliyomo katika SWAHILI, Jarida la Chuo cha Uchunguzi wa Lugha ya Kiswahili, Toleo la 38/2, Septemba 1968, kurasa 161-163.

7. Kwa mfano, kuhusu maana ya neno "literature"  kwa Kiingereza, tizama Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learners Current English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, London, 1974, ukurasa 503.

8. Abdilatif Abdalla, "The Position of Kiswahili Poetry in Modern East African Literature", (mhadhara uliotolewa Chuo Kikuu cha Mainz, Ujerumani Magharibi, katika The Second Janheinz Jahn Symposium on Modern East African Literature and Its Audience;  22-26 Aprili, 1977.

9. Okot p'Bitek, African Cultural Revolution, Macmillan, Nairobi, 1973, ukurasa 20.

10. M.M. Mulokozi, "Fasihi na Mapinduzi", makala yaliyomo katika KIOO CHA LUGHA, Jarida la Chama cha Kiswahili, Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, 1976, Toleo la 6, ukurasa 1.

- Abdilatif Abdalla

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  KISA CHA MVUVI NA SAMAKI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-17-2021, 08:40 PM - Forum: Hadithi - No Replies

Mfalme alipata hamu ya kula samaki akaamua kutembelea ufukweni siku hiyo ikawa samaki hakuna wavuvi wote wamekosa samaki
Wakati anarudi na wafuasi wake ndipo akakutana na Mvuvi mmoja tu alie bahatika kupata samaki watatu 3 Mfalme akataka kuwanunua Mvuvi akakataa kuwauza samaki wake.

Mfalme akaomba auziwe japo mmoja Mvuvi akamwambia Mfalme huyu samaki mmoja naenda kumkopesha sijui kama nitalipwa,
Na huyu mwengine naenda kulipa deni sijui kama nitalimaliza na huyu wa tatu naenda kumtupa.

Mfalme akachukizwa kwa majibu yale akaamuru anyang'anywe wale samaki nae atupwe gerezani,Akiwa kwenye Kasri Mfalme akaamuru yule mvuvi aletwe mbele yake ili amuhoji.Kwanini umekataa kuniuzia mimi samaki wakati unaenda kumkopesha tena hujui kama utalipwa,,? Wapili unaenda kulipa deni na hujui kama utalimaliza,,? Kisha mwengine unaenda kumtupa wakati mimi nina shida na samaki,,?

Mvuvi akamjibu Mfalme
Huyu ninae kwenda kukopesha sijui kama nitalipwa naenda kuwapa wanangu
Kwani kuwaudumia watoto hujui kama na wao watakuhudumia.

Na huyu ni nae kwenda kulipa deni sijui kama nitalimaliza nawapelekea wazazi wangu,
Kwa waliyo nitendea siwezi kuwalipa hata niwape nini.

Na huyu ninae kwenda kumtupa naenda kumpa Mkewangu,Kwani hao hawajui kushukuru wala kutosheka, hata uwape nini siku akicharuka tu atasema hujamfanyia chochote tokea umuoe.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ADABU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-17-2021, 02:48 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'ADABU'

Neno *Adabu* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mwenendo mwema wa mtu kwake na kwa watu wengine; tabia nzuri.

2. Kuwa na heshima katika kufanya mambo hasa yanayokubalika na jamii.  (i)Methali: Adabu ni nguo uiachapo hukushusha hadhi yako.
(ii) Msemo: Tua adabu: fanya mtu kuwa na adabu.

3. Malipo anayopewa mtu aliyekosa.

4. Kanuni na taratibu za utumiaji wa kitu au jambo.
(i) Msemo: Adabu za lugha.
(ii) Msemo: Adabu za kazi.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *adabu* ( soma: *adabun/adaban/adabin* *ادب* ) na pia (aadaabun/aadaaban/aadaabin) lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Tabia njema; akhlaki nzuri.

2. Taaluma inayohusika na zao la fikra lililo katika ushairi au nathari. 

3. Ndaki ambayo husomeshwa humo taaluma na maarifa insaniya (mambo yanayohusu ubinadamu na wanadamu.)

4. Kinachozalishwa na akili ya mwanadamu miongoni mwa maarifa.

5. Kazi bora ya sanaa iwe katika ushairi au nathari.

6.  Bahasha.

7. Kwa Waarabu wa zamani elimu ya adabu ILMUL ADAB علم الادب ni elimu iliyokusanya masomo ya: Lugha na *Swarfu* (Sarufi Maumbo), *Usuli wa maneno* , *Nah-wu* (Sarufi Miundo), *Balagha* na Tanzu zake za: *Bayaan* (Rhetoric), *Ma-aan* (Semantic), *Badii-i* (The Art of Metaphors and Stylistics), *Arudhi na Qaafiya* (Kunga za Ushairi), *Hati/Mwandiko* , *Insha* na *Fani ya kuzungumza na umma *fannul Khitwaabah فن الخطابة.*

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili ( *adabun* *ادب*  ) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa likawa *adabu* lilichukua kutoka Kiarabu maana zinazohusiana na tabia njema na ujenzi wa tabia hizo ikiwemo kuadhibu.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO ' FASIHI'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-17-2021, 02:45 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO ' FASIHI'

Neno *fasihi* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. *Taaluma* inayohusu tungo za kisanaa za simulizi na andishi kwa mfano hadithi, ngano, methali, misemo, nahau, mashairi, tenzi, riwaya na tamthilia; Fasihi andishi; kazi ya fasihi kwa mfano riwaya na tamthilia katika maandishi; taaluma inayohusu tungo zinazodhihirisha sanaa ya lugha.

2. *(Kivumishi)* : -enye lugha safi na nzuri;
-enye usahihi wa kutamkwa, - enye usafi wa maneno, na usahihi wa maana na matumizi.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *fasihi* ( soma: *faswiihun/faswiihan/,faswiihin* *فصيح* ) lina maana zifuatazo:

1. *Kivumishi* : mtu mwenye uwezo wa kuweka wazi tungo za lugha na anayeteua maneno yafaayo kisarufi, kimaana na kijamii na kuyaepuka yaliyo kinyume chake.

2. *Kivumishi* : Maneno fasihi ni maneno yaliyo wazi, na yenye kumvutia msikilizaji na yenye kukubalika akilini.

3. *Kivumishi* : Ulimi fasihi ni ule unaomsaidia mtu kutongoa tungo nzuri na zenye kuvutia.

4. *Nomino*: Maziwa safi yaliyosalia baada ya kuchujwa.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili ( *faswiihun* *فصيح*  ) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa likawa *fasihi* lilichukua kutoka Kiarabu maana Kivumishi (-enye lugha safi na nzuri;  -enye usahihi wa kutamkwa, - enye usafi wa maneno, na usahihi wa maana na matumizi.) na likapewa maana mpya ya *taaluma inayohusu tungo zinazodhihirisha sanaa ya lugha,* taaluma ambayo katika lugha ya Kiarabu inajulikana kwa jina la *ADABU/AADAABU (* Soma: *Aadaabun/Aadaaban/Aadaab آداب* (Taaluma inayohusika na zao bora la fikra lililo katika ushairi au nathari.)

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO 'BALAGHAMU'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-16-2021, 08:08 PM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA NENO ' BALAGHAMU'

Neno balaghamu katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni nomino yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Mate mazito yanayokuwa kooni ambayo hutoka mtu anapokohoa; kikohozi kizito chenye utelezi anachotoa mtu anayeumwa aghalabu na kifua Kikuu au homa.

2. Hasira (hutumika katika msemo: 'Toa balaghamu zako; to hasira zako.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili balaghamu (soma: balghamun/balghaman/balghamin بلغم ) lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Kohozi: mate yaliyochanganyika na kamasi ambayo hutoka kwenye njia ya upumuaji.

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili (balghamun بلغم) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa likawa *balaghamu* maana yake katika lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu - haikubadilika.

Shukran sana.

Khamis S.M. Mataka.

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  ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'HALISI' NA 'UHALIS'
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 12-16-2021, 07:44 AM - Forum: Majadiliano ya Wadau wa Kiswahili - No Replies

HII NDIYO ETIMOLOJIA YA MANENO 'HALISI' NA 'UHALISI'

Neno *halisi* katika lugha ya Kiswahili ni kitenzi elekezi chenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Halisi.a, endana, lingana na (bei).

2. Faa.

Neno hili *visawe* vyake ni maneno *stahiki*, *pendeza* , *shimiri* na *stahili* .
Neno hili linanyambulika na kupatikana neno *halisia* .

3. Neno hili ni Kihisishi chenye maana ya: *kisicho doa wala dosari; kilicho asilia.*

4. Neno hili pia ni kivumishi chenye maana ya:
(i) -enyewe ; *rafiki halisi* , rafiki hasa.
(ii) - a kweli bila ya uwiano au kufanana na -ingine.

5. Neno hili ni kielezi kwa maana ya: *pasipo mashaka,* *hasa* .

Neno *uhalisia* ni nomino yenye maana zifuatazo:

1. Hali ya kuwa bayana, halisi na sahihi.

2. Uhalali asilia wa kisheria.

3. Hali ya jambo, kitu au tendo lilivyo.

Katika lugha ya Kiarabu, neno hili *halisi* ( soma: *khaaliswun/khaaliswan/khaaliswini* *خالص* ) lina maana zifuatazo:

1. Kilicho halali.

2. Kilicho safi; kisicho doa.

3. Rangi nyeupe iliyotakata; rangi nyeupe isiyo doa.

4. Kinachomhusu mtu maalumu.

5. Bidhaa isiyodaiwa kodi.

6. Rafiki/mwandani wa kweli.

Neno *uhalisi* si neno la Kiarabu bali limesanifiwa kutokana na neno la Kiarabu *halisi* *خالص* .

Kinachodhihiri ni kuwa neno hili ( *khaaliswun* *خالص*  ) lilipoingia katika lugha ya Kiswahili na kutoholewa likawa *halisi* maana yake katika lugha yake ya asili - Kiarabu - haikubadilika bali Kiswahili kikaongeza maana zingine.

*Shukran sana.*

*Khamis S.M. Mataka.*

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