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  Visasili (Visa-asili)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 01:37 PM - Forum: Hadithi - No Replies

Visasili ni ngano za kihistoria zinazoeleza chimbuko /asili ya jamii/kabila fulani; tamaduni mbali mbali katika jamii ile na namna jamii hiyo ilivyofika katika eneo lake la sasa. Visasili husaidia kuelezea asili ya mambo yasiyoelezekakama vile mauti, jando, tohara, ndoa na tamaduni/imani nyinginezo.
Tanbihi: Tofauti kati ya visasili na usuli(visaviini) ni kwamba visasili huhusisha jamii fulani, mila, imani na matukio ya kiada kama vile kifo, tohara n.k ilhali ngano za usuli huelezea kwa nini mambo fulani hufanyika bila kuhusisha jamii au imani.

Sifa za Visasili
  1. Huelezea chimbuko la jamii fulani
  2. Matokeo yake hufanyika mwanzoni (k.v mwanzo wa dunia)
  3. Aghalabu huhusisha miungu, malaika n.k
  4. Kuburudisha
Umuhimu wa Visasili
  1. Kutafuta jibu kwa maswali yanayotatiza
  2. Kuhifadhi historia na imani ya jamii
  3. Kuunganisha jamii
  4. Kuwasilisha mila na desturi za jamii

Mifano
  1. Asili ya jamii ya Wamaasai
  2. Asili ya Wagikuyu

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  NADHARIA ZA CHIMBUKO LA NGANO/MASIMULIZI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 01:30 PM - Forum: Hadithi - No Replies


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  FAFANUA MAANA YA FASIHI SIMULIZI KWA KUREJELEA MAONI YA WATAALAMU TOFAUTI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 01:18 PM - Forum: Maswali na majibu - No Replies


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  MADA: Fasihi Elektroniki: Matokeo ya Maendeleo ya Sayansi na Teknolojia
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 01:08 PM - Forum: Fasihi kwa ujumla - No Replies


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  MAANA YA VICHEKO KATIKA FASIHI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 12:49 PM - Forum: Maswali na majibu - No Replies

Vicheko katika kazi za waandishi mbalimbali huwa na maana tofautitofauti ilimradi hufanikisha maudhui ya kazi hizo na huweza kuleta maana kama vile ushindi, kejeli, furaha, uchungu, unafiki, kutisha, ujinga au kumlipiza mtu kisasi.
Kazi za kifasihi za waandishi mbalimbali zimesheheni vicheko vya wahusika wake.
Baadhi ya kazi za kifasihi zenye kutumia sana vicheko ni Amezidi (Said Ahmed Mohamed).
Vingi ya vicheko vinavyotumiwa hapa ni vya kejeli.
Kwa mfano, kuna sauti inayomcheka Ame kwa kumwambia Mari aketi kwenye kochi lisilokuwepo. Vilevile tunaona mhusika akijidharau nafsi yake, ‘Nafsi yako inajicheka’.
Zaidi ya hapo ni kuwa kipo kicheko cha furaha pale ambapo Ame na Zidi wanapocheka kwa furaha wakizungumzia magari yao ya kifahari yaliyokuwa nje ya pango lao.
Wanacheka kwa furaha na pia kejeli. Kuonesha ujinga darasani, mwalimu anawaambia wanafunzi wake, ‘Tucheke basi.’ Kisha wanacheka pamoja.
Mwishoni mwa tamthiliya, Ame anacheka kicheko cha uchungu. Anacheka kwa muda mrefu kutokana na maumivu ya tumbo na njaa.
Vicheko pia vinatumiwa sana na mwandishi wa tamthiliya ya Mashetani (Ebrahim N. Hussein).
Mojawapo ya vicheko hivi ni kile cha shetani chenye kumtisha binadamu.
Shetani pia anacheka kicheko cha ushindi kwa kuwa binadamu hawezi kumuona kwani amejigeuza upepo. Hiki ni kicheko cha dharau dhidi ya binadamu kwamba hana uwezo wa kubaini maumbo mbalimbali ya shetani.
Kuna hali ya mazungumzo ya kuchekesha baina ya baba, Mama Kitaru na daktari kuhusu ugonjwa wa Kitaru unaoambatana na vicheko vyao.
Kiko pia kicheko cha huzuni ambapo Kitaru anamwambia rafiki yake Juma, ‘Usitafsiri kicheko changu kuwa ni furaha. Nacheka kwa sababu sitaki kulia.’
Kicheko pia kinajitokeza katika tamthiliya ya Kilio Chetu, kwa mfano Anna anatoa kicheko cha dharau dhidi ya Mwarami baada ya kugundua kuwa Mwarami hana elimu ya kutosha juu ya madhara ya mahusiano katika umri mdogo.
Vilevile kicheko cha Mama Joti dhidi ya mama Suzi anayeonekana kutoelewa maana ya maneno yanayotumiwa na vijana wa kisasa kama kukanyaga nyaya kicheko hiki kinaashiria hali ya dharau kwa Mama Suzi na kumuona kuwa ni mshamba na asiyekwenda na wakati.
Kicheko cha Musa kwa Peter katika riwaya ya Watoto wa Maman’tilie kinaonesha hali ya kudharau ambapo Musa analenga kumfanya Peter ajione mjinga kwa baadhi ya mambo anayoyafanya kama kumpokea Kurwa na kwenda dampo hali ambayo Musa anaiona kama ni kujidhalilisha tu.
Kicheko cha Bi.Kirembwe kwa wazee kinaashiria kejeli dhidi ya wazee kwa jinsi alivyobaini njama zao dhidi yake, kicheko kwa Mtolewa kama ishara ya kumtisha, pia kuna kicheko cha kikatili dhidi ya Mkulima kabla ya kumpa adhabu.
Tunapochambua vicheko katika fasihi, ni lazima tutambue maana yake ya ndani ili kupata ujumbe wa kifasihi unaowasilishwa na mhusika katika kazi husika ya Fasihi.

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  FAHAMU MAANA ZA MANENO HAYA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 12:41 PM - Forum: Semi - No Replies


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  HIZI NI BAADHI YA METHALI ZA KICHAGA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 11:46 AM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

(1) -Umbe ya maruwa yekyepfiiya uwangonyi.
(2) -Umbe ilyekyeana yekyepfiiya uwangonyi.
(3) -Mana Mkyemi nekyetsinda alyanya.
(4) -Kite kya Mangyi nyi Mangyi ko shite shingyi.
(5) -Fuo la kite likeri kur’ende.
(6) -Uruka-wo Mangi Maseiano.
(7) -Mrega wo kanyi ulyapfunga umbe,Opfunga ma Mburu.
(8) -Umbe ya Mokishina yekyeshina limu pfo.
(9) -Samanya yekyesonguo-pfo
(10) -Rumbu ngyikora na kyela,Ulyangikore na Mar’er’o
(11) -Kuor’e Susa yekyefunja mbaga-pfo.
(12) -R’ema Seri ya Mfongo.
(13) – Kipopori kyapira Mbungu.
(14) -Mbogo ngyikuu iichi ruko.
(15) -Ikyia la Mboro nyi ilyaa.
(16) -Mnoru mnoru,mr’oko nela mbombo
(17) -Ko muwowu kulyande fiiro-pfo.
(18) -Kuliiye cha ur’ema!
(19) -Mana Marwi nekyela kindo alyaichi.
(20) -Mana Kanyia kuwoko,Kokewesanjo Kukola se kela.
(21) -Kapa kite kipoome.
(22) -Moondu okyesoka kai.
(23) -Mfi o mlyemo ulyekumbo ko mberi.
(24) -Handu Mono Mangyi ar’inio,ongor’a Nekyekyiia-ho
(25) -Mburu yaumar’a kite.
(26) -Masalye Malyaanyi.
(27) -Kyisongoru nyi Kyisongoru ma kyikatitia.
(28) -Wolyi nyi Ngambura.
(30) – Koicho Sauru,Shinga numba.
(31) -Riso la Ngache lekyeima wamae ikamo-pfo
(32) -Mokuruo kacha nekyelasa mbawa.
(33) -Ondo Lekyelyemio mshawa-pfo.
(34) -Warumu nyi wandu
(35) -Morika Mr’eme nekyegambo nyi Mtsu.
(36) -Njofu yekyekapo pfumu lyimu-pfo.
(37) -Kur’ende ngyiuta iha.
(38) -Wari okyealikyia ngur’u
(39) -Komana nyi Ushokyenyi.
(40) -Undekooya mtoche Riso.

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  Umuhimu wa kufundisha Fasihi Simulizi
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 11:36 AM - Forum: Fasihi kwa ujumla - No Replies

Ni jambo lisilopingika kuwa japo somo la Fasihi Simulizi tumelisikia kwa muda mrefu sasa,halitajwi rasmi katika mitaala ya masomo katika Shule za Msingi, isitoshe, uandishi kama tuuchukuliavyo katika majadiliano yetu, kamwe haushughulikiwi na wala haufikiriwi kuwa una nafasi katika mpango wa masomo ya Elimu ya msingi. Wataalamu wa lugha wamebainisha kuwa Shule za Msingi ni mahali ambapo misingi ya uthabiti na wepesi wa vitendo, welekevu na udadisi, ushirikiano na usanifu unajengwa na kuimarishwa. Lengo la Elimu ya Msingi ni kuwaandaa vijana kwa kazi na maisha katika mazingira ya vijiji vyao. Ili washirikiane ipasavyo na wanavijiji wenzao, ni lazima lugha ya mawasiliano itiliwe mkazo.
Katika shule zetu, lugha kama taaluma rasmi inashughulikiwa na kudhihirishwa na ufunzaji wa kusoma na kuandika ambao ndio uti wa mgongo na roho ya Elimu ya Msingi. Imedhihirika kwamba kuna upungufu au hitilafu katika uwezo wa wanafunzi wa kusoma na kuandika; jambo ambalo limezua wasiwasi, manung’uniko na malalamishi redioni, mikahawani, sokoni na pia magazetini. Vimesikika visa vya wanafunzi wa darasa la saba wasioweza kusoma! makala haya yataangazia kwa muhtasari ni kwa vipi taaluma ya Fasihi Simulizi ikifunzwa tangu shule za msingi, inaweza kuwapa msingi na kuwajenga waandishi wa kesho.
Wanasaikolojia wanatwambia kuwa wanafunzi wa Shule za Msingi wako katika ule umri unaotawaliwa na ari na hamasa za visa vya kustaajabisha na wanavutiwa sana na visa vya kupiga chuku. Shauku kubwa waoneshayo watoto kusikiliza masimulizi katika vipindi vya watoto na kutazama katuni runingani ni dhihirisho tosha jinsi watoto walivyo na ari ya kusikiliza masimulizi na hatimaye wao wenyewe kusimulia.
Hamu ya watoto hawa huamshwa panapokuwa na sababu ya kufanya kitu. Kama ni kusoma wanataka wasikilizwe na hakuna nafasi nzuri ya kusikilizwa na kutambuliwa na wenzao na pia walimu wao kuliko katika kusimulia hadithi. Matumizi ya lugha kwa kawaida hutegemea kuwapo kwa hadhira. Apendaye kuzungumza peke yake anatiliwa shaka na wenzake.
Kuwepo kwa hadhira kuna maana kwamba iko mada au lengo maalum na linaloeleweka.watoto wakizoezwa kusimulia katika vikao kama hivyo, kazi yao ya utungaji inarahisika.wanapotakiwa kusimulia au kuandika hadithi,wanachagua moja ya hadithi walizowahi kusikia.na kwa sababu wanajua kiini na hatua za hadithi hizo, wanakabiliwa tu na suala la kuchagua lugha sahihi watakayotumia na kuamua ni vipengele gani vya kutilia mkazo katika kuathirisha hali itakiwayo na hadithi.
Ikieleweka tangu awali kwamba watoto hawapendi tu kusikiliza na kusoma hadithi,bali pia wanafurahia kusimulia hadithi,itaweza kukubalika kwamba misingi ya fasihi na ya uandishi kwa ujumla, ina mizizi yake katika Elimu ya Msingi. Hivyo, itabidi ukuzaji na uimarishaji wa maandishi hata ya kubuni uanzie huko. Utafiti uliokwisha fanywa na wataalamu wa fasihi umedhihirisha kuwa taaluma ya Fasihi Simulizi inafungamana na uandishi na jinsi isivyowezekana kinadharia au kiutendaji kutengwa na mfumo mzima wa Elimu ya Msingi.
Ni wazi kuwa uandishi mzuri hutokana na uzungumzaji sahihi wa lugha sanifu na ya kiada. Mzungumzaji au msemaji stadi, hutegemea ujuzi na uwezo wa kutunga na kutumia vifungu vya maneno bila kugota. Msemaji au msimulizi,kadhalika mwenzake mwandishi, hutegemea hifadhi akilini mwake ya mapokeo ya hadithi, ngano, na visa na pia vidokezo au mitajo, mitindo na fani.hali hii huhuishwa na kukomazwa na mazoezi.
Kuna umuhimu basi wa kuwapatia wanafunzi wa Shule za Msingi mazoezi ya kukuza ufasaha wao katika kujieleza katika kila fani.yapasa watiwe moyo wa kupenda majadiliano na inafaa waelekezwe katika tunu na vionjo vitokanavyo na usikilizaji makini.mipango rasmi na ya mara kwa mara ya kuwapa wanafunzi wa Shule za Msingi fursa ya kuona na kuusikiliza usimulizi ukibubujika kwa ufasaha na ufundi,matokeo yake ni kwamba watapata mifano bora ya kuiga. Nafasi ya kusimulia, licha ya kupanua mawazo yao,huleta ushupavu na kuondoa ile hali ya unyonge inayowakumba wengi wanapokabiliwa na jukumu la kuzungumza na kujieleza hadharani. Katika kusikiliza usimulizi mzuri, wanafunzi huona jinsi maneno yanavyotumika katika hali mbalimbali. Na zaidi ya hayo,wanaanza kujionea wenyewe umuhimu wa maneno yaliyo matofali ya lugha yao.ni wazazi wangapi wanaowasimulia watoto wao hadithi? Badala ya kuwasimulia watoto wao hadithi,baadhi ya wazazi wanahiari kutembelea kurasa za mitandao ya kijamii kutwa kucha.watoto wao nao watakazana kucheza michezo kwenye simu. Utakuwa na bahati sana kama hujatembelea rafiki yako simu yako ikanyakuliwa na mtoto wa mwenyeji wako: “Nataka kucheza game”

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  FASIHI YA KITAIFA NA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NI DHANA ILEILE ?
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 08:07 AM - Forum: Fasihi kwa ujumla - No Replies


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  KISA CHA MFALME NA MVUVI WA SAMAKI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 09-09-2021, 02:57 PM - Forum: Hadithi - No Replies

Mfalme alipata hamu ya kula samaki akaamua kutembelea ufukweni siku hiyo ikawa samaki hakuna wavuvi wote wamekosa samaki
Wakati anarudi na wafuasi wake ndipo akakutana na Mvuvi mmoja tu alie bahatika kupata samaki watatu 3 Mfalme akataka kuwanunua Mvuvi akakataa kuwauza samaki wake
Mfalme akaomba auziwe japo mmoja Mvuvi akamwambia Mfalme huyu samaki mmoja naenda kumkopesha sijui kama nitalipwa, 
Na huyu mwengine naenda kulipa deni sijui kama nitalimaliza na huyu wa tatu naenda kumtupa
Mfalme akachukizwa kwa majibu yale akaamuru anyang'anywe wale samaki nae atupwe gerezani,
Akiwa Ikulu Mfalme akaamuru yule mvuvi aletwe mbele yake ili amuhoji 
Kwanini umekataa kuniuzia mimi samaki wakati unaenda kumkopesha tena hujui kama utalipwa,,? Wapili unaenda kulipa deni na hujui kama utalimaliza,,? Kisha mwengine unaenda kumtupa wakati mimi nina shida na samaki,,? 
Mvuvi akamjibu Mfalme
Huyu ninae kwenda kukopesha sijui kama nitalipwa naenda kuwapa wanangu
Kwani kuwaudumia watoto hujui kama na wao watakuhudumia
Na huyu nae kwenda kulipa deni sijui kama nitalimaliza nawapelekea wazazi wangu,
Kwa waliyo nitendea siwezi kuwalipa hata niwape nini,
Na huyu ninae enda kumtupa naenda kumpa Mkewangu
Kwani hao hawajui kushukuru wala kutosheka, hata uwape nini siku akicharuka tu I atasema hujamfanyia chochote tokea umuoe.

Siku njema

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