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  MTIHANI WA UTAMILIFU KIDATO CHA NNE SEPT 2019 ( ST. FRANCIS)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 08:01 PM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  MTIHANI WA MUHULA WA PILI KISWAHILI DRS LA V NOVEMBA, 2019 (HANDENI)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:56 PM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  MTIHANI WA UTAMILIFU DARASA LA IV OKT 2019 (TESO)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:52 PM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  MTIHANI WA KISWAHILI DARASA LA III MUHULA WA I 2015 (LUDEWA)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:34 PM - Forum: Mitihani - No Replies


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  SHAIRI : SIKU YANGU YA KUZALIWA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:22 PM - Forum: Ushairi - No Replies

Siku yangu imefika, mimi niliyozaliwa.
Miaka imekatika, kaburi nasogelea.
Mungu wangu kwa hakika, ndivyo livyonipangia.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Wenye rika kama langu, hawapo metangulia.
Huu si ujanja wangu, Mola amenipangia.
Itafika zamu yangu, nami tafuata njia.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Nawaomba ndugu zangu, makosa mnisamehe.
Hii si dhamira yangu, mabaya niwatendee.
Kwani huu ulimwengu, si makazi ya milele.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Nahisi maisha yangu, siku chache mesalia.
Itatoka roho yangu, kuburini kufukiwa.
Nitaacha Mali zangu, hakuna tachochukua.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Na hizo amali zangu, zote zilotangulia.
Zitaziba pengo langu, pale nilupokosea.
Ni rudi kwa Mola wangu, ndipo tulupotokea.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Sio ndoto asilani, bali ni uhalisia.
Haufiki mara thani, umri nilofikia.
Nimesoma vitabuni, Rasuli katuusia.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Mevuka arobaini, lakini si nusu mia.
Namshukuru Manani, hapa nilipofikia.
Nikijafika mwakani, yote kwangu majaliwa.
Tarehe mbili novemba, yangu siku kuzaliwa.


Beti nane ninakoma, mbele sitoendelea.
Ninaomba mwisho mwema, Mola takabali dua.
RamaB ninasimama, kalamu nina achia.


RamaB.
Gongolamboto.
02/11/2019.

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  Fonimu na Alofoni
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:14 PM - Forum: Sarufi na Utumizi wa lugha - No Replies

Fonimu na Alofoni
Hapo juu tumetofautisha kati ya sauti-msingi na zile ambazo si za msingi. Sauti-msingi ni zile ambazo wazungumzaji wanaziona kuwa zinatenganisha maneno ya lugha yao, tofauti na zile ambazo, ingawa wanaweza kuzitamka wakipenda, hawazioni kuwa zina umuhimu katika kuunda maneno ya lugha yao. Hizi sauti-msingi huitwa fonimu. Katika sura iliyotangulia tumesema kuwa sauti yoyote inayotolewa na viungo-sauti vya mwanadamu inaitwa foni, na tukaangalia jinsi foni zinavyochunguzwa na kupewa sit’a zao za kifonetiki, bila kujali zinatokea katika lugha gani, au zinatymika vipi. Lakini foni zikishachukuliwa na kutumiwa katika lugha fulani kuunda na kutofautisha maneno ya lugha hiyo, zinaingia katlka utaratibu wa mfumo-sauti wa lugha hiyo na kuwa fonimu za lugha hiyo. Hivyo, wakati ambapo foni ni vitamkwa halisi vinavyoweza kupimwa kiuchunguzi (yaani kifonetiki), fonimu ni vipashio vya mwanafonolojia vinavyomwezesha kujadili mfumo-sauti wa lugha maalumu.
Katika mifano tuliyotoa mwanzo, tumeona kuwa Kiswahili kinaweka tofauti za msingi kati ya [t] na [d]; kwa hiyo tunasema kuwa sauti hizo ni fonimu katika Kiswahili na kuziweka katika mabano mshazari /t/, /d/. Wakati huo huo tulisema kuwa matamshi tofauti ya /t/ hayatiliwi maanani na wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili, na hivyo fonimu hiyo inaweza kutamkwa na mpumuo [th] au bila mpumuo [t], bila kuathiri usikivu kwa vile sauti hizo hazitumiki kutofautisha maneno ya lugha hiyo.
Kwa upande mwingine tulisema kuwa ikiwa lugha tunayoichunguza ni Kipemba, hadhi ya sauti hizo hapo juu itakuwa tofauti. Katika lugha hiyo, kutokana na mifano tuliyotoa, /t/ na /th/ ni fonimu tofauti. Vivyo bivyo katika lugha ya Kithai ya Thailand, /t/ na /th/ ni fonimu mbili tofauti kwa sababu sauti hizo zmatofautisha maneno katika lugha hiyo:
a) [tam] (kutwanga)
b) [tham] (kufanya)
Katika kujumuisha hayo yaliyosemwa hapo juu, tunasema kuwa mpumuo si sifa bainifu katika vipasuo vya Kiswahili, lakini ni sifa bainifu katika lugha za Kipemba na Kithai.
Katika lugha ya Kiingereza, mpumuo una hadhi tofauti. Katika maneno yafuatayo, sauti [t] inatamkwa kwa namna ya pekee katika kila neno:-
a) {till} inatamkwa [thil]
b) {still} inatamkwa [stil]
Katika neno la kwanza, sauti ya kwanza ni kipasuo sighuna cba ufizi pumuo {th], ambapo katika neno la pili, sauti ya pili ni kipasuo sighuna cha ufizi sipumuo [t]. Lakini tukichugnuza mazingira sauti hizo zinamotokea katika maneno hayo, tunagundua kuwa [th] inatokea mwanzoni mwa neno, ambapo [t] inafuata sauti konsonanti nyingine (hapa sauti hiyo ni [s]). Mazingira haya hayaingiliani katika lugha hii, yaani sauti [t] haiwezi kutokea mwanzoni mwa neno, na sauti [th] haiwezi kutokea baada ya sauti [s]. Tofauti kubwa kati ya hadhi ya sauti hizi na zile za Kipemba na Kithai ni kwamba, katika Kiingereza sauti [t] na [th] bazitumiki kutofautisha maneno katika lugha biyo, bali wazungumzaji wanajua ni wapi watumie moja na wapi watumie nyingine. Ikiwa, kwa mfano, mzungumzaji atatamka neno {till} kama [til] na neno {still} kama [sthil], wazungumzaji wazawa wa Kiingereza watajua kuwa huyu ni mgeni wa lugha yao, na bado hajamudu sawasawa matamshi ya lugha yao; lakini watamwelewa ingawa watamsahihisha. Tunasema basi kuwa, katika Kiingereza, sauti [t] na [th] ni matamshi tofauti ya fonimu moja /t/, na hivyo sauti hizo ni alofoni za fonimu hiyo moja.
Katika mifano hii michache, mambo kadhaa yanajitokeza kuhusu sauti zinavyotumika katika lugha tofauti:
(i) Lugha ya Kiswahili inayo fonimu moja /t/ ambayo inajumuisha matamshi yote ya sauti zenye sifa za kipasuo sighuna cha ufizi.
(ii) Lugha za Kipemba na Kithai, kila moja inazo fonimu mbili zenye sifa za kipasuo sighuna cha ufizi, /t/ na /th/ ambazo zinatofautishwa na kutokuwepo au kuwepo kwa sifa ya mpwnuo.
(iii) Lugha ya Kiingereza inayo fonimu moja /t/ yenye sifa za kipasuo sighuna cha ufizi, ambayo ina alofoni mbili [t] na [th] ambazo utokeaji wao (yaani matamshi yao) unategemea kanuni maalumu za mazingira zinamotokea katika neno.
Bila shaka sasa inaeleweka vizuri kwa nini wanafonolojia wanasema kuwa kila lugha ya wanadamu inachota kutoka hazina moja ya sauti zinazotolewa na viungo-sauti vya mwanadamu; lakini kuwa kila moja inafanya uchaguzi tofauti. Na hata ikitokea kuwa lugha mbili zinachagua sauti zenye sifa za kifonetiki zinazofanana, kunaweza kuwa na tofayti katika jinsi sauti hizo zinavyotumika katika mifumo-sauti ya’lugha hizo. Katika sehemu ya 3.4. tutaangalia kwa undani zaidi jinsi mlfumo-sauti ya lugha mbalimbali inavyofanana na kutofautiana. Lakini kwanza ni muhimu tuchambue zaidi hii dhana ya fonimu.

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  MTIHANI WA KISWAHILI - KARATASI YA 1 & 2 (KENYA)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 07:13 PM - Forum: Mitihani ya nje ya nchi - No Replies


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  UHAKIKI WA DIWANI YA FUNGATE YA UHURU
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 10:51 AM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies

KITABU: FUNGATE YA UHURU
MWANDISHI: MOHAMED S. KHATIBU
WACHAPISHAJI: DUP
MWAKA: 1988
UTANGULIZI
    Fungate ni kipindi cha siku saba baada ya harusi..Ni kipindi ambacho Bwana na bibi harusi hula na kunywa tena milo ya kuchagua wakati wote wa fungate.Fedha na vifaa vitumiwavyo na maharusi huwa ni vya kuazima au kuchangiwa(si lazima viwe vyao) Wanapewa  kutoka kwa ndugu na jamaa na hata na vijana wa kuwahudumia.Wachangaji hufanya hivyo kwa sababu wanajua kuwa fungate ni ya muda mfupi(siku saba tu),hivyo huvumilia.
Fungate ni lazima iwe na kikomo.Ikizidisha kikomo hicho ibadili jina labda iitwe unyang’anyi,ulimbwende,uvivu,uzembe au jina lolote lenye kashfa hasa unafiki au usaliti.Mwandishi wa diwani hii ameimwaga ghadhabu hiyo kwa hao maharusi waliohesabu ukarimu wao kuwa ni upumbavu.
Uhuru:Uhuru ni neno linalopendwa sana na wanasiasa wa ubepari au ujamaa.Hekaheka za uhuru(kudai,kuomba au kupigania) zinaweza kufananishwa na shughuli za kutafuta mchumba,kupeleka posa kulipa mahari,na kufunga ndoa.
Katika kipindi chote cha uhuru, watu, hususani viongozi,hufurahi na kufanya sherehe ambazo huwagharimu raia-mali na vitu mbalimbali.Lakini kwa kuwa uhuru ni kitu cha thamani kama maharusi,raia hukubali kugharimia sherehe hizo.Lakini pia sherehe za uhuru kama fungate hutazamiwa iwe ya muda mfupi –labda mwezi  mmoja au miwili.
Raia wanchi zilizopata uhuru barani Afrika walikuwa na shauku ya kupata maendeleo lakini hawajafikia lengo lao hadi sasa kwa sababu viongozi wetu wanaendeleza Fungate ya Uhuru.Hivyo viongozi wanchi za Afrika wamewasaliti wananchi wao waliowachagua.Katika utangulizi mwandishi anasema ;
Nikate tama,
Kwani tuendavyo,hatufiki,
Vile ipasavyo,hayakamiliki,
Mambo yalivyo,ni unafiki,
Tumesalitiwa!
MAUDHUI
    Fungate ya Uhuru ni diwani inayojdili kwa mapana sana juu ya matatizo mbalimbali yanayokwamisha ujenzi wa jamii mpya hapa Tanzania.Matatizo hayo ni kama vile usaliti,unafiki,wizi,hujuma,udanganyifu,rushwa pamoja na uongozi mbaya.
Dhamira Kuu: Ujenzi wa jamii mpya.
Mwandishi anajadili kwa kiasi kikubwa suala la ujenzi wa jamii mpya.Mwandishi anaitaka  jamii  itupilie mbali unyonyaji , uonevu, dhuruma, udanganyifu, wizi, unafiki,  umasikini, uongozi mbaya na ukandamizaji wa watu wa tabaka la chini ili kuijenga jamii kwa upya.Jamii ambayo hatamu zote za uongozi (utawala,siasa na uchumi) zitakuwa mikononi mwa wakulima na wafanyakazi kwa misingi ya haki na usawa.
     Itikadi ya kujenga jamii mpya ilijengeka juu ya siasa ya ujamaa na kujitegemea ambayo ilitangazwa mwaka 1967 baada ya kutangazwa kwa Azimio la Arusha.Hadi 1988,mwandishi anaandika kitabu hiki anaonesha kuwa bado hatujafanikiwa kujenga jamii mpya hapa Tanzania.Hii inatokana na sababu zifuatazo;
  Kwanza,bado kuna dhuruma, usaliti,unyonyaji na wizi wa mali za umma.katika  shairi la “Wingu’’  mwandishi anasema;
Bado:
Wingu limetanda,
Limetanda,
Na kutughubika ghubi,
Mvua:
Lakini hainyeshi,
Hainyeshi,
Ukame umetanda waa!
Mimea:
Tulipanda kwa miongo,
Kwa miongo,
Yote imekauka!
Pia katika shairi la “Wizi”mwandishi ameonesha dhahiri kuwa wizi umo ikuluni, bomani, kanisani, misikitini, na hekaluni.Mwandishi ameonesha kuwa dini zawabariki wezi, polisi hulinda wezi, na majeshi huhalalisha wizi.katika ubeti wa 1 mwandishi anasema;
Wizi umo;
  Kanisani,
Msikitini,
Kasirini,
Na bomani,
Wanyang’anywao ni waumini.
Pili, mwandishi ameonesha kuwa bado kuna matabaka katika jamii zetu.Ameonesha kuwa kuna tabaka la wenye nacho na tabaka la wasionacho.Tabaka la juu (utawala) unaolinyonya tabaka la chini(tawaliwa).Mfano katika shairi la “Fungate” mwandishi ameonesha jinsi tabaka tawala linavyofurahia maisha kwa kuishi katika majumba mazuri, kutembelea magari ya faharin, n.k.
Katika shairi la”Waja wa Mungu”mwandishi anaonesha jinsi tabaka la chini linavyoishi kwa shida.Kwa mfano, kula kwa shida, kulala kwa shida, kuvaa kwa shida, hawapati elimu na huduma nzuri za afya.
Tatu, mwandishi ameonesha kuwa, bado kuna uongozi mbovu katika jamii zetu.Mfano katika shairi la “Viongozi wa Afrika” mwandishi anashutumu vikali viongozi wanaotumia  madaraka  yao  vibaya na kugandamiza watawaliwa.Anasema;
“Viongozi wa Afrika,
Wanaotawala kwa mabavu,
Kujifanya ni washupavu,
Wao wachache na werevu,
Na umma wote ni mpumbavu,
Wanafiki,
Wazandiki”.
Pia shairi la “Njama”  mwandishi anaonesha  jinsi viongozi wanavyotumia njama mbalimbali kulinyonya tabaka tawaliwa.Viongozi wanatumia njama mbalimbali ili kuhakikisha kuwa hakuna anayewapinga wala kuhoji hata kidogo.
   Nne, mwandishi anaonesha kuwa, kuna unyonyaji wanaofanyiwa wakulima katika kuuza mazao yao.Ameonesha kuwa wakulima hunyonywa na kudhurumiwa na kupewa bei kidogo wakati kuuza mazao yao.Shairi la “Naona”mwandishi  linadhihirisha haya katika ubeti wa 6,ansema;
   Naona
  Wanakwenda gulioni
Mazao kuyazabuni
      Wanapata bei duni
Na kubaki maskini
Unyonge ulele.
       Ni kutokana na matatizo hayo ya wizi, rushwa, uongozi  mbovu, dhuruma, uonevu na unyonyaji ndiyo maana tumeshindwa kujenga  jamii mpya.
Mwandishi ameonesha mbinu mbalimbali ambazo jamii inapaswa kuzitumia ili  kuijenga   jamii mpya na hizo ndizo  dhamira ndogo ndogo za diwani hii kama zifuatazo;
1.Kuwa na uongozi bora
 Uongozi mbaya ni kikwazo kikubwa  katika ujenzi wa jamii mpya.Shairi la”Fungate” Mwandishi ameonesha jinsi viongozi wanavyotumia madaraka yao vibaya kwa kuwanyonya wananchi wa kawaida.katika ubeti wa 1 mwandishi anasema;
  Fungate ya uhuru,bado inaendelea,
“Harusi” wana nuru,wazuri wanavutia,
  Wengi inawadhuru,na tena wanaumia
     Mwandishi anaeleza kuwa tangu tupate uhuru hadi leo bado viongozi wetu wapo Fungate wakila na kunywa huku wananchi wakiendelea kuteseka na maisha magumu,hivyo mwandishi anaitaka jamii kuung’oa  uongozi mbaya na kusimika uongozi uliobora unaowajali wananchi wake .
Shairi la “Viongozi wa Afrika”mwandishi anakemea viongozi wanaotumia madaraka yao vibaya kwa kujinufaisha wao wenyewe, wenye hisa katika viwanda, mabenki, makampuni au mashamba ya mabepari kuwa ni wasaliti.Anawakemea wale viongozi wenye upendeleo, wanaotumia pesa za umma kwa kuendeshea sherehe.Mwisho anawakemea viongozi wanaopokea rushwa na amewaita magaidi au mafisadi.
  Shairi la “Utawala” mwandishi amehimiza kuuangusha utawala wa kibepari ambao unawanufaisha wachache na walio wengi hunyonywa, hugandamizwa, huonewa na kunyanyaswa na hao wachache.
Shairi la “Kinyang’anyiro” mwandishi anaonesha jinsi viongozi walivyokimbilia kushika madaraka (hasa enzi za uhuru) lakini wanashindwa kuleta maendeleo hapa nchini.
    Kwa ujumla mwandishi anapendekeza kuwa, ili tujenge jamii mpya lazima tuwe na uongozi bora .
  1. Kuwa na umoja na ushirikiano
Mwandishi anaona kuwa  ili  tujenge jamii mpya ni muhimu tuungane  sote tuwe kitu kimoja “Katika shairi la “Unganeni” mwandishi anawataka wananchi wote wa Afrika kuungana ili kuendeleza mapambano ya kuleta haki na usawa. Anasema:-
“Wafanyakazi wa Afrika, tuungane,
Na wakulima kadhalika, tushikamane,
Makabwela  mnaosumbuka, tukutaneni,
Tujiandae kwa mapambano, yalo marefu,
Ushindi ni wetu”.
   Mwandishi anaitaka jamii hasa tabaka la chini kuungana na kuendeleza mapambano dhidi ya viongozi wanafiki, mabepari, mamwinyi wanaonyonya, wanaonyanyasa, wanaowatesa, wanaowadhurumu na kuwagandamiza watu wa tabaka la chini.
Mwandishi katika shairi la “Nikizipata Bunduki ‘’anapendekeza  matumizi ya silaha ili kuondokana na matatizo hayo yote. Hivyo ili tujenge jamii mpya ni lazima tuungane tuwe kitu kimoja kwani  ‘’Umoja ni nguvu na utengano ni udhaifu’’.
  1. Ujasiri na kujitoa mhanga
Mwandishi anaona ili kuijenga jamii kwa  upya ni muhimu kuwa na ujasiri,kutoogopa vitisho. Katika shairi la “Gorila” ubeti wa 1 mwandishi anasema;
Gorila,jasiri!
     Wa Afrika ,shujaa,mshupavu,umevinjari,
      Mtutu shika,mevaa,ukakamavu,uko tayari,
      Gorila,ruwaza,wa kizazi kipya
  Mwandishi anaitaka jamii hasa vijana kuwa majasiri na mashujaa katika harakati za kuleta mapinduzi. Pia wanamapinduzi wanatakiwa wawe wavumilivu kwa sababu ujenzi wa jamii mpya sio lelemama, ni safari ndefu.
   Vile vile katika shairi la “Umma”  mwandishi anahimiza ujasiri katika kuleta mapinduzi katika jamii. Mwandishi nasema:-
“Umma,
Uliovinjari, kuangamiza  mtabaka,
Hima,
Uwe tayari na usiwena shaka,
Ongoza mapambano,ya wafanyakazi, hadi ushindi.
Hivyo mwandishi anaitaka jamii ijitoe mhanga ili kufanikisha suala la ujenzi wa jamii mpya.
  1. Kufanya mageuzi (mapinduzi)
Mwandishi anapendekeza mbinu ya kufanya mageuzi ili kufanikiwa katika suala zima la ujenzi wa jamii mpya. Katika shairi la “Umma” mwandishi anawaasa wanajamii wajiandae kuangamiza matabaka yaliyokithiri katika jamii.
Mwandishi anapendekeza mbinu mbalimbali za kufanya mageuzi (mapinduzi), kwanza, jamii hasa watu wa tabaka la chini waungane ii kuondoa viongozi wanaotumia madaraka waliyopewa kwa manufaa yao binafsi. Katika shairi la  “Ungameni” mwandishi anasema;
  Msimamo wa kitabaka,tuwekeni,
 Bepari wote kuwashika,wawe ndani,
 Na mamwinyi bila ya shaka,wambaroni,
 Tusizubae,kazi ianze,twangoja nini?
  Wakati ni huu.
   Pili,mwandishi anapendekeza kutumia silaha katika mageuzi hayo ikiwa unyonyaji hautaondoka kwa amani. Mfano shairi la “Siku Itafika” na “Nikizipata Bunduki” .Pia Katika shairi la “Utawala” mwandishi anapendekeza yafanyike mgeuzi  ili kuuangusha utawala unaojinufaisha na kuendeleza matabaka katika jamii. Katika shairi la “Mjamzito” mwandishi anaonesha jinsi watu wanavyoogopa harakati za mapinduzi katika jamii zetu. Katika mashairi ya “Ni vita si Lelemama” na “Maendeleo ya Umma” mwandishi anaonesha jinsi suala la mageuzi lilivyo gumu, ingawa ana matumaini kuwa umoja na ushirikiano wetu utatufanya tushinde. Pia anaamini kuwa unyonyaji na uonevu hautadumu milele, kwani kuna siku, saa, dakika na nukta itafika uovu wote utaondolewa kwa nguvu.
Katika shairi la “Joka La Mdimu”  mwandishi anatoa mfano wa tawala dhalimu zilizoondolewa kwa nguvu kwa ushirikiano wa tabaka la chini. Katika shairi hili mwandishi anaonesha jinsi wananchi walivyoshirikiana katika kuutokomeza ukoloni hapa nchini.
Hivyo ili nasi tufanikiwe kujenga jamii mpya hatuna budi kufanya mapinduzi (mageuzi).
  1. Kuwa na uzalendo katika nchi
Uzalendo ni ile hali ya kuipenda nchi kwa dhati na hata kuifia. Msimamo wa mwandishi ni kuwa hataihama nchi yake hata kwa kutishiwa njaa, maafa au umaskini. Pia ataipigania nchi yake ili iwe salama. Hivyo hata sisi hatuna budi kuipigania nchi yetu kwa hali na mali ili kuondoa udhalimu uliopo. Katika shairi la  “Nchi Yangu”  mwandishi anasema;
 Naipenda nchi yangu,
Naipenda,naipenda nitakufa naipenda.
Tailinda nguvu zangu,tailinda,
Tailinda kwa maafa tailinda,
Sitakwenda kwa wenzangu,
Sitakwenda,sitakwenda hata sifa sitakwenda,
Nitakwenda hku kwangu,nitaganda,
Nitaganda kwa ulofa nitaganda.
   Mwandishi anaona kuwa, tukiwa na uzalendo na nchi yetu tutafanikiwa kujenga jamii mpya, kwani usaliti wa viongozi wetu utaanguka na kila mmoja ataipenda nchi yake kwa  dhati.
  1. Kupiga vita ukoloni mamboleo
Ukoloni mamboleo ni ile hali ya nchi kupata uhuru wa bandia (kisiasa) lakini njia zote za uchumi hutawaliwa au hubaki mikononi mwa mabepari au watu wa nchi nyingine.Katika shairila “Ruya”  mwandishi anasema;
Ruya,menitoa shamba,mji kuuramba niwe utumwani?
             chini umwinyini,
            nimo kifungoni!
           Ni ‘’huru’’ machoni!
Ruya,hivyo wanitimba,kunifunga kamba,za ukoloni,
         Njozi niondokee!
       Mwandishi anaona kuwa wazungu ndio walioondoka katika ardhi ya Afrika lakini unyonyaji bado upon a unaendelea. Viongozi waliochukua madaraka baada ya uhuru bado wanaendeleza zile taratibu zilizoachwa na wakoloni.
Katika shairi la “Kunguru” mwandishi anaonyesha  pia athari za ukoloni mamboleo hapa nchini. Katika shairi hili mwandishi anazungumzia juu ya kuondoka kwa ukoloni mamboleo. Hivyo mwandishi anaonesha kuwa ili tujenge jamii mpya ni lazima tupige vita ukoloni mamboleo ili tuwe na uhuru wa kuamua mambo y etu wenyewe.
  1. Kupiga vita wizi wa maliya umma
Mwandihi wa diwani hii ameshindwa kuficha hasira yake dhidi ya wizi. Ameutaja wazi kuwa umo kanisani, msikitini, ikuluni na bomani. Waandishi wengi kukwepa kutaja ukweli kama huu. Asemacho mwandishi ni kwamba, sehemu zote za jamii zimeoza. Zamani watu wengi waliamini kuwa viongozi wa dini wana maadili wasiyoweza kuyakiuka. Kwa hiyo, maovu hayo yasingetokea huko. Lakini sasa viongozi hao na wale wa Ikulu wamejiunga na wahalifu. Lililo baya zaidi ni kuwapo kwa “Walinzi” wanaolinda hao wezi.. Shairi hili la “wizi” mwandishi anasema;
Wizi umo;
       Kanisani,
       Msikitini,
       Hekaluni,
Wanyang’anywao ni waumini.
Kwa kifupi wizi umehalalishwa na kubarikiwa .
 Mwandishi  hasemi tufanyeje  Lakini kwa mtiririko na mantiki ya mashairi yake mengine, mwandishi anashauri ufumuaji na usafishaji wa jamii nzima.Katika  shairi la“Kunguru”  mwandishi pia anajadili Suala la wizi . Japo amefumba  lakini anawaelimisha wasomaji kuhusu wezi waliotimuliwa na kutawanywa. Baada ya muda wezi wakajitayarisha kwa mbinu tofauti na kuendeleza wizi wao. Mwandishi  anatanabaisha raia kuhusu kuwapo kwa wezi hawa na marafiki zao. Katika shairi la “Joka la Mdimuni” mwandishi anatanabaisha watu kuhusu uwezekano wa wakoloni kurudi kwa umbo tofauti lakini kwa athari zile zile. Katika shairi la “Naona “  Mwandishi anaonesha taabu wanazopata wakulima na malipo duni wanayopewa kwa mzao yao. Anamaliza kwa msimamo huu;
”Naona
Ni fukara wakulima
Wamepigwa alitima
Kwa wengine ni neema
Kwao wao ni nakama
Wamekosa haki!
  1. Kupiga vita ukasuku wa viongozi wetu
   Mwandishi amekemea tabia za viongozi na watendaji wengine kukubali kila lisemwalo bila kufikiri au kwa hofu tu, si nzuri. Tabia hii ya ukasuku anauita ugonjwa unaohitaji tiba  (tiba yenyewe hakuitaja). Ugonjwa huu hudunisha  akili. Mwandishi anaonyesha  chanzo na athari zake.Katika shairi la “Ukasuku” mwandishi anasema;
“Kupea kwa ukasuku
Rais huhubiri
Wabunge hukariri
Wasomi huhariri
Na taifa husimama”  .
Mwandishi  anawachunguza viongozi wa bara la Afrik na kuwaona kuwa ni mabepari, madikteta, wenye ukabila, wabadhirifu wasiojali raia wao wapenda hongo. Wote amewakemea na kuwakanya wasitende hivyo. Amewapa majina yanayowafaa- wahaini, wasaliti, majasusi n.k. Mwandishi anastahili pongezi kwa kuweza kuwakemea, badhi ya waandishi huwasifu.
UJUMBE
v Uongozi mbaya, wizi wa mali ya umma, rushwa na kukosekana kwa haki, ukasuku na matumizi mabaya ya mali ya umma ni vikwazo  ujenzi wa jamii mpya hapa nchini.
v Umoja na ushirikiano ni njia moja wapo ya ujenzi wa jamii mpya hapa nchini.
v Mfumo wa ujamaa ni mfumo pekee utakaomkomboa mtu mnyonge, yaani ndiyo utakaoleta hali nzuri kwa wakulima au wafanyakazi.
v Ili tujenge jamii mpya ni lazima tuwe na ujasiri wa kujitoa mhanga, tuwe wazalendo na nchi yetu na tufanye mapinduzi (mageuzi ya kweli) katika jamii.
v Ukoloni mamboleo ni kikwazo cha ujenzi wa jamii mpya hapa nchini.
v Mapenzi ya kweli ni yale yasiyojali fedha au hali ya mtu.
FALSAFA
Mwandishi anatetea itikadi ya ujamaa yenye kuleta haki na usawa kwa kila mtu. Analaani wizi, dhuluma na majivuno ya kirasimu. Mwandishi angependa nchi iongozwe kwa haki na usawa. Vile vile anatetea mapenzi ya kweli katika maisha.
MSIMAMO
Mwandisi ana msimamo wa kimapinduzi, kwani ameonesha matatizo mbali mbali yanayozikumba jamii zetu na mbinu za kuondokana na matatizo hayo. Miongoni mwa matatizo hayo ni uongozi mbaya, wizi wa mali ya umma, rushwa na dhuluma, n.k.
Fani
a)Muundo
Mwandishi ametumia muundo changamano. Kuna muundo wa tathnia (mistari 2) mfano shairi la “Mjamzito” (uk 5-6), Muundo wa tathlitha (mistari mitatu) mfano shairi la “Fungate” (uk 1), “Nataka Kusema” (uk 14), Muundo wa tarbia (mistari minne) mfano shairi la “Nahodha Mtwesi” (uk 5), “Gorila” (uk 11), “Afrika” (uk 17) , “Kunguru” (uk 19), n.k.
 Vile vile ametumia muundo wa sabilia au takhimisa (mistari mitano na kuendelea) mfano mshairi ya “Utawala” (uk 21), “Ladha ya Maji Katani”(uk 27), “Joka la Mdimuni” (uk 31), “Mkata “ (uk 15) n.k.
b)Mtindo
Diwani hii ina mashairi yanayofuata kanuni za ushairi wa kimapokeo na yale yanayofuata kanuni za mashairi ya kisasa. Hii ina maana kwamba, mwandishi anayakubali mashairi ya aina mbili (kimapokeo na kisasa)
c)Matumizi ya Lugha
Mwandishi ametumia lugha sanifu yenye lahaja ya Kiunguja. Lugha hii imejaa misemo mbali mbali, tamathali za semi na taswira.
Misemo
Imetumika kwawingi.
Mfano:
i)Nahodha mtwesi chombo chenda joshi (uk 5)
ii)Waja wa Mungu (uk 20)
iii)Paka shume (uk 34)
iv)Utakiona cha mtema kuni (uk 24)
v)Joka la mdimuni (uk 31) n.k.
Tamathali za semi
Tashibiha
Mfano shairi la “Mkata” (uk 15):-
i)Kitandani nilalapo kama dema la samaki…
ii)Mbu ndani kama ndege wa vitani…
iii)Matopeni hujazika mithili nimo karoni…
iv)Nimekoni kama ndizi natokota na kufoka
Sitiari
Mfano shairi la “Uwapi Uzuri Wako” (uk 35)
-Sasa ni chano cha maji, watu wajichanyatia
-Baola mkahawani, kila mtu akaliya
-Sasa jamvi la wageni, wajapo huwapokeya.
Kejeli
-Shairi la “Fungate” (uk 1) linakejeli tabia za baadhi ya viongozi wetu wanaoendelea kuifaidi Fungate ya Uhuru.
-Shairi la “Kantu Sauti ya Kiza”  mwandishi anatumia nyuki kukejeli baadhi ya tabia chafu za watu.
Tafsida
Mwandishi ametumia Tafsida kuyasema maneno makali, machafu, matusi. Mfano shairi la “Paka Shume” linajadili suala la kumendea vitu vya watu kwa njia isiyo halali. Hata neno lenyewe fungate ni tafsida.
Mbinu nyingine za kisanaa
Takriri
Katika shairi la “Mkata” (uk 15), “Dafina” pamoja na shairi la “Nchi Yangu”
Mjalizo
Katika shairi la “Mkata” (uk 15).
Mdokezo
Katika shairi la “Mwinyi Mpe Ndiyo”
Ujenzi wa Taswira
Neno Fungate linaleta taswira ya ulimbwende wa maharusi au viongozi. Shairi la “Mjamzito” (uk 5) linajenga taswira ya viongozi waoga katika jamii. Viongozi wasioweza kutatua matatizo ya wananchi. Shairi la “Paka Shume”(uk 34) linajenga taswira ya udokozi. Shairi la “Viongozi wa Afrika” (uk 15) linajenga taswira ya viongozi wanaotumia madaraka  vibaya.
Jina la Kitabu
Kwa ujumla jina la kitabu Fungate ya Uhuru linasadifu  yale yaliyomo ndani ya kitabu. Mwandishi  ameonesha jinsi viongozi wetu walivyo kwenye fungate ya Uhuru. Hali kadhalika wananchi bado wanaendelea kugharamia sherehe mbali mbali za viongozi kwa njia ya michango kama vile kodi, mchango wa mwenge, n.k.
KUFAULU KWA MWANDISHI
Kimaudhui
v Mwandishi amefaulu Kuonesha matatizo mbali mbali ya jamii zetu na mbinu za kuyaondoa.
Kutofaulu kwa Mwandishi
v Mashairi mengi kyanahusu  siasa na hivyo kuwa kama mahubiri ya kisiasa.
v Kusisitiza mfumo wa chama kimoja badala ya mfumo wa mageuzi  na kitabu kiliandikwa  wakati mfumo wa mageuzi umepamba moto dunia nzima.
v Kumfanyia Mwinyi kampeni ni udhaifu, hii ni kutokana na ukweli kuwa Rais Mwinyi hakuweza kuondoa matatizo aliyoyajadili na ndiyo maana hadi sasa yapo.
v Amekemea uongozi mbaya, lakini hakuonesha chanzo cha uongozi mbaya na mbinu mbali mbali za kuwapata viongozi bora hapa nchini.
v Kutumia lahaja ya Kiunguja ni udhaifu mwingine wa mwandishi, kwani anakinyima Kiswahili sanifu uwanja wa kukua na kuenea.

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  TASWIRA KATIKA DIWANI YA FUNGATE YA UHURU
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-20-2021, 10:38 AM - Forum: Riwaya - No Replies


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  KISA CHA ABUNUWASI NA SUTI YA MFALME
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 11-19-2021, 07:18 AM - Forum: Hadithi - No Replies

Hapo zamani za kale Abunuwasi alimuendea mfalme akamwambia anaweza kumshonea suti ya thamani sana ambayo wenye dhambi watakuwa hawaioni na wasio na dhambi tu ndio watakuwa wanaiona. Mfalme akampa kazi Abunuwasi ya kutengeneza suti ya aina hiyo kwa ajili yake. Kwa siku kadhaa Abunuwasi alijifungia katika chumba akawa bize anashona suti ya mfalme. Baada ya siku tatu, mfalme akamtuma msaidizi wake akaangalie kazi inavyoendelea, yule msaidizi akaingia chumba alichokuwa akishonea Abunuwasi lakini hakuona kitu japo alimuona Abunuwasi akifanya vitendo kama vile yuko bize anashona nguo. Msaidizi akamwambia Abunuwasi, ‘Nimetumwa na mfalme niulizie umefikia wapi?” Abunuwasi akamjibu, “Kwani we huoni jinsi suti ilivyoanza kupendeza, ila bado namalizia nguo nyingine nataka kuanzia nguo za ndani ziwe ni hizi za kitambaa ambacho hakionekani kwa wenye dhambi”. Hakika yule msaidizi alikuwa haoni kitu lakini ili aonekane hana dhambi akaanza kusifu jinsi nguo zilivyoshonwa kwa ufundi. Akatoka na kurudi kumueleza mfalme kuwa Abunuwasi kamshonea nguo nzuri sana si za dunia hii kwa jinsi zilivyo nzuri. Mfalme alifurahi sana, kesho yake akamtuma msaidizi mwingine, nae kama yule wa jana akarudi kwa mfalme na ripoti nzuri sana ya maendeleo ya koti, pia akaleta taarifa nzuri kuwa kesho yake Abunuwasi angemaliza kazi na angeleta nguo ili mfalme azivae. Kesho yake mapema Abunuwasi akaingia katika kasri la mfalme akiwa kama kashika lundo la nguo, ambazo mwenyewe alisema wasio na dhambi tu ndio wataziona. Wasaidizi wa mfalme wote hawakuwa wanaona kitu lakini walianza kupiga makofi wakisifu jinsi nguo zilivyokuwa nzuri, hamna aliyekuwa anataka kuonekana ana dhambi. Hatimae Abunuwasi akamkabidhi mfalme nguo, mfalme nae hakuwa anaona kitu lakini ili asiambiwe ana dhambi akajidai eti nae anaziona akaanza kumsifu Abunuwasi kwa umahiri wake wa kuchagua rangi na hata ufundi wake mkubwa wa kushona. Abunuwasi akamuomba mfalme azivae zile nguo, wakaingia faragha mfalme akavua nguo zake na akaanza kuvaa nguo asizoziona kwa msaada wa Abunuwasi. Kwa vile alivua nguo zote na kuvalishwa mpya zisizoonekana, rohoni mwake alikuwa anajiona yuko uchi lakini akaona akitangaza haoni kitu wananchi wangemshangaa kuwa mfalme ana dhambi, hivyo akaendelea kusifia na kujiangalia kwenye kioo akisifu nguo zilivyompendeza. Kisha akalazimika kutoka nje ili wananchi waone nguo mpya za mfalme. Wote walikuwa wanamwona mfalme yuko uchi lakini wakawa wanaogopa kuonekana wana dhambi hivyo kila mtu akawa anashangilia na kusifu uzuri wa nguo za mfalme. Lakini ghafla mtoto moja mdogo kwa sauti kubwa akamuuliza baba yake, “Baba mbona mfalme yuko uchi?”. Minong’ono ikaanza mwishowe watu wakaanza kumuunga mkono mtoto, mfalme nae sasa aibu ikamshika kwani alijua sasa watu wote wanamuona yuko uchi, akatimka na kujificha kwenye kasri lake na hadithi yangu imeisha hapo.

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