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  WAFAHAMU WAIRAQW (WAMBULU)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 05:41 PM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

Je Wairaqw ni Wambulu? Fahamu Historia yao na asili ya jina Mbulu…
Kaka samahani je wewe ndiye coordinator wa Ohayoda blog? Kama ndivyo hebu tafadhali ufanye utafiti wa kabila la kiirak *IRAQW* na je hili jina la Wambulu origin yake ni wapi? Je hawa kama c Wabantu wametokea wapi? Maana naona kuna upotoshaji mwingi na tafiti za watu mbalimbali. I w’ll appreciate that kaka.
 
Baada ya kupata maombi mbalimbali ya wadau wa Ohayoda hasa ndugu Joachim John ambaye alinitumia ujumbe huo hapo juu kupitia mtandao wa kijamii wa facebook, nimeona ni vyema tukaliweka jambo hili sawa hasa kwa jamii ya nje ambayo pia haijui kama kuna kuna tofauti kati ya Wairaqw (wairak) na wambulu.
[Image: iraqw.png]
Wairaqw ni moja ya makabila matatu tu Tanzania ambalo ni jamii ya Wakushi au Wahamitiki wenye asili yao kwenye nchi za Ethiopia tofauti na wengi wanavyoamini kuwa asili yao ni mesopotamia yaani Iraq ya sasa(mengine ni Wambugu waliopo Tanga na Wagorowa au wafyomi waliopo Babati). Utafiti wa kiathropolojia na hata vinasaba (DNA) uliofanyika unathibitisha kuna uhusiano mkubwa kati ya Wairaqw na hao wakushi wa Ethipia na Eritrea, kuanzia muundo na matamshi ya lugha, miili (body structure), mavazi na hata shughuli za kila siku ikiwemo hata michezo kwani Wairaqw kama walivyo waethipia wanasifika kwa riadha na wamefanana katika kila hali
Kutokana na sababu ambazo hazifahamiki japo inaaminika kuwa ni kwa sababu ya vita au njaa ya mara kwa mara inayoikumba eneo hilo la pembe ya Afrika, kundi moja la watu lilihama kuelekea kusini kufuata bonde la ufa kwa miaka mingi sana. Walipofika kaskazini kwa Tanzania ya sasa, wakagawanyika makundi mawili ambapo kundi moja dogo lilielekea mashariki na kundi lingine likaendelea na safari yao wakifuata bonde la ufa kuelekea kusini. Kundi hilo dogo lilifika mpaka milima ya usambara Tanga na kukaa huko mpaka leo ambao ndio wanaofahamika kama Wambugu.
Inasemekana kundi kubwa liliendelea kusonga mpaka kusini mwa Tanzania hadi Iringa wakaishi huko kwa miongo mingi sana kabla ya kuamua kurudi kaskazini baada ya kuona eneo hilo haliwatoshi baada ya kustawi sana hapo. Katika thesis yake ya PHD, Dr. Jackson Makwetta ambaye ni Mhehe aliandika kuwa jina la wahehe limetokana na kabila moja dogo ambalo liliishi zamani karibu na wahehe ambalo kwa sasa lipo wilayani Mbulu mkoani Arusha (sasa Manyara) ambalo wao kila wakimwona mtu asiye wa kabila lao walimwita Hee! Hee!
Lakini pia, masimulizi ya wazee wa kiiraqw yanaanzia kwenye sehemu inayoitwa Gusir Ma/angwatay, nchi inayoelezwa kuwa ni ya baridi sana iliyopo kusini, ambapo hawakumbuki wala hakuna masimulizi yanayoeleza kabla ya kufika hapo walitoka wapi lakini wanajua baada ya kuondoka hapo wakafika sehemu inayoitwa Gusir Tiwalay yaani sehemu tuliyopigwa. Hapa ndipo historia ya Wairaqw ilipoandikwa upya na kuchukua sura nyingine kabisa, eneo hili inasemekana ni kati ya Babati, Hanang na Kondoa.
Wakiwa hapa, wairaqw walistawi sana wakiwa na ng`ombe na mazao ya kutosha, wakashamiri katika michezo na mafunzo ya kivita lakini hawakuwa na watu wa kupigana nao. Masimulizi yanaeleza kuwa katika kipindi hiki mchezo wa kupigana kwa fimbo yaani Ilgendi ulishamiri sana ambako kulikuwa na hadi mashindano ya kutafuta bingwa wa mchezo huo. Vijana wakajawa na kiburi na kuona wao ni wao, wakamshinikiza kiongozi wao aliyeitwa Haymu Tippe awaletee watu wa kucheza nao (kupigana nao) na kumteka mtoto pekee wa Haymu na kumtishia kuwa kama hatawaleta watu wa kupigana nao watamuua huyo mtoto. Japo Haymu Tippe aliwaasa hasa baada ya ramli yake kuonesha madhara makubwa yatakayotokana na vita hivyo lakini vijana hao waliushikilia msimamo wao, walidai vita.
Haymu akaenda akawafuata wadatoga lakini kabla hawajafika, Haymu alitoroka na baadhi tu ya watu wa ukoo wake (Tippe) na ukoo wa Duwe na Naman (wengine wanadai ni Masaay) ambao ndio waliomsikiliza. Waliobaki nyuma na kusubiri vita walimalizwa wote na hakubaki hata mtu moja. Katika kukimbia huko, Haymu alikuwa na mpwa wake (mtoto wa dada yake) aliyeitwa Gortoo ambapo katika kukimbia kuelekea ukingo wa bonde la ufa kwa kaskazini waligawanyika huku Gortoo akiwangoza kundi dogo kuelekea mlima Kwaraa uliopo Babati na Haymu Tippe na kundi lingine wakielekea mlima Hanang (/Anang) lakini wakaamua kukimbilia kwenye kingo za bonde la ufa eneo la Madunga na kisha kufuata kingo hizo kuelekea Kaskazini Mashariki hadi milima ya Tlahhara na Nou hadi Irqwar Daaw sehemu inayoitwa Mama Isara.
Gortoo na kundi lake wakakaa huko Kwaraa na maeneo ya Babati na ndio wakawa kabila la Gorowa au Wafyomi ambao kwa sehemu kubwa wamefanana na wairaqw isipokuwa baadhi ya matamshi ya maneno kutokana labda na mabadiliko ya mazingira lakini wanasikilizana.
Wairaqw waliishi hapo Mama Isara kwa miaka mingi sana na kuanza kuongezeka kutoka hizo koo tatu tu, wakaanza kupokea watu kutoka koo mbalimbali (assimilation) na kuunda koo mpya, mfano ukoo wa Bayo uliundwa na Wanyiramba waliofikia kwa mtu anayeitwa Bayo na kisha kuitwa Manda do Bayo! Aidha ukoo mkubwa kuliko wote wa Wairaqw ambao ni Sulle asili yao ni Wadatoga na utafiti unaonesha kuwa wadatoga wote wanaopakana na Wairaqw wanazungumza Kiiraqw na zaidi ya nusu ya hao wadatoga wanajitmbulisha kama Wairaqw tena wengi wa hao wazazi wote wawili wakiwa wadatoga.
Baada ya kukaa Mama Isara kwa miaka mingi na baada ya sera ya serikali ya kikoloni ya Kiingereza kuamua kufyeka maeneo kuondokana na mbung`o waliokuwa wanasababisha tauni, Wairaqw walianza kutoka huko milimani na kujaza maeneo ya Karatu, Mbulu, Babati, Hanang na kusonga magharibi hadi Haydom kote huku wakisonga nyuma ya Wadatoga ambao huhamahama kutafuta malisho na ndio maana majina karibu yote ya huku yanaasili ya Kidatoga.
Je Wairaqw ni Wambulu? Fahamu Historia yao na asili ya jina Mbulu…sehemu ya Pili Kaka samahani je wewe ndiye coordinator wa Ohayoda blog? Kama ndivyo hebu tafadhali ufanye utafiti wa kabila la kiirak *IRAQW* na je hili jina la Wambulu origin yake ni wapi? Je hawa kama c Wabantu wametokea wapi? Maana naona kuna upotoshaji mwingi na tafiti za watu mbalimbali. I w’ll appreciate that kaka-Joachim John Je jina Wambulu lilianza wapi? Kutokana na eneo lote walilokuwa wanaishi la Mbulu, Karatu, Babati na Hanang kuwa katika wilaya moja wakati huo yaani wilaya ya Mbulu ndipo wakawa wanaitwa Wambulu kwa kuwa wanatoka katika wailaya ya Mbulu na wote wanapatikana katika wilaya hiyo tu! Lakini kwa kuwa wilaya hizo zimegawanyika sasa hivi kuwaita wambulu haina mantiki na pia kuna makabila mengine yaliyopo Mbulu pia Lakini Je, nini maana ya Jina Mbulu? Hakuna jibu sahihi ya jina Mbulu asili yake na kuna majibu mengi, Ohayoda itayachambua yote ili kukupa mwanga na ukweli halisi Twende kazi…. Kanisa katoliki Mbulu 1. German: Neu-Trier Mbulu ni neno la Kijerumani (Neu-Trier) lenye maana ya Majaribio mapya (new trial). Wajerumani walifika Mbulu katika karne ya 19 na kuweka ngome yao (boma) hapo ambapo inasemekana kuwa Mbulu ilianzishwa siku moja na Nairobi. Kutokana na hali ya hewa ya mahali hapo kuwa nzuri na kuzungukwa na milima pande zote, wajerumani walipapenda mahali hapo kwa sababu ya kiulinzi pia japo hali ya hewa nzuri ndiyo iliyowavutia zaidi. Hivyo basi wakaweka mpango wa majaribio wa kupafanya Mbulu kuwa kama Berlin hasa ukizingatia utawala wa kijerumani ulikuwa wa moja kwa moja (direct rule) na waliweka makazi ya kudumu na walichukulia makoloni yao kama sehemu ya Ujerumani, ndiyo maana hata miundombinu waliyoyaweka ni ya muda mrefu! Japo hili laweza kuwa sahihi lakini hakuna ushahidi wowote kuwa Mbulu ni neno la kijerumani 2. Imboru Inadaiwa kuwa jina Mbulu linatokana na neno Imboru ambalo Wairaqw hulitumia wanapopataja Mbulu. Inasemekana kuwa “waswahili na wakoloni“ walilitohoa jina Imboru na kutokana na matatizo ya “r“ na L jina hilo lilibadilika hadi kuwa Mbulu na Wajerumani kushindwa kutamka Imboru. Lakini utafiti mdogo wa matamshi unaonesha kuwa kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa neo Imboru kugeuzwa kutoka Mbulu na kufanywa lionekane la Kiiraqw zaidi yaani Imboru. Mfano mzuri ni kuwa Wairaqw lazima wongeze irabu (aeiou) katika maneno yanayoanzia na M au N kisha kufuatiwa na konsonati. Mfano neno “Ngano“ wairaqw hutamka “angano“ na “mjomba“ hutamkwa “majomba“, “ngamia“ hutamkwa “angamia“ n.k Pia majina ya maeneo mengi sana yamebadilishwa baada ya “kuIraqwishwa“ mfano Haydom kutoka “Heidom“, Garoch kutoka “Garawja“ n.k Lakini kwa upande mwingine, inasemekana neno Imboru linatokana na Imbori, moja ya majina ya Kiiraqw lakini huyu Imbori alikwa nani mpaka mahali hapo paitwe kwa jina lake? Tutaiangazia katika makala nyingine lakini hii inatupa uhalisia zaidi kuwa Imbori inatupeleka karibu zaidi na ukweli kuwa Mbulu limetokna na neno Imbori. Inasemekana Imbori alikuwa binti aliyepata mimba kabla hajaolewa (doroway) ambapo alifukuzwa kwao na kuozwa kwa “Homo“ na kisha kwenda kuishi naye huko mbulu wakati huo bado wairaqw wanaishi Irqwar Daaw hawajafika Mbulu. Baada ya kuolewa ndugu zake walikuwa wakimtembelea wakisema “Aya Imborir kawaan“ na hadi hapo baadaye pakabaki hivyo.  3. Mbulu-Mtu anayeongea lugha isiyoeleweka Kamusi ya kiwahili sanifu (sijainukuu rasmi) inaelezea neno Mbulu kama mtu anayeongea lugha isiyoeleweka.Kutokana na Kiiraqw kuwa tofauti kabisa na lugha za kibantu, kuna wanaoamini kuwa Mbulu imetokana na “waswahili“ kuwaita Wairaqw kwa kuwa wanaongea lugha isiyoeleweka kwao. hata na hivyo hija hii inakosa mshiko kutokana na ukweli kuwa kuna makabila mengine yasiyo ya kibantu na wanaongea lugha isiyoeleweka na pia ni ukweli usiofichika kuwa hakukuwa na mwingiliano (interaction) baina ya wairaqw na jamii za kibantu kabla ya wajerumani kwani wamekuwa na uhusiano au mwingiliano na Wadatoga zaidi na kwa upande wa mashariki wamepakana na wamasai ambao si wabantu na wanyiramba kwa magharibi. Hoja hii inakosa mshiko kwani kwa jinsi kiswahili kinavyokua kimekuwa kikiingiza maneno mapya kwa kutohoa zaidi kuliko kuyaunda, hivyo kuweka uwezekano mkubwa sana kwa Kiswahili kulikuta neno Mbulu tayari likiwa linatumika na tayari wairaqw wakiwa wanaitwa Wambulu na hivyo kulipa maana ya mtu anayeongea lugha isiyoeleweka. Huo ni uchambuzi wangu kuhusu asili ya neno Mbulu…kama kuna mtu anamaana tofauti na hizi nilizoeleza anakaribishwa kuujulisha umma au wadau na kisha kwa pamoja tujadili kupata jibu sahihi zaidi.
 
Kutoka Imbori hadi Imboru na kisha Mbulu

[Image: cush.bmp]
Katika sehemu hii ya mwisho, nimepata bahati ya kuongea na Mzee Modesti Gilyo na Mzee Lohay Bariye ambao walinisimulia kuhusu binti aliyeitwa Imbori. Haya n

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  Kutoka Ukerewe hadi Iramba: Historia, Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 05:33 PM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

Uleyleani! Wajuzi wa hiyo salamu tayari wamekwisha kujibu “izaa uduu”.

Katika siku zilizopita tumekuwa na mfululizo wa makala mbalimbali yanayotupa fursa kujua kuhusu Historia, Maisha na Tabia za makabila mbalimbali hususani huku kwetu katika mikoa ya Manyara, Singida, Arusha na Shinyanga pamoja na mikoa jirani na hii. Tuliweza kuangazia utamaduni wa Wairaqw na Wadatoga na leo tutamulika kuhusu Wanyiramba na Wanyisanza wanaopatikana katika wilaya ya Iramba (Sasa ni Iramba na Mkalama) mkoani Singida…..Kanyaga twende…
Kama zilivyo kwa jamii zingine za kibantu barani Afrika ambao walihamia Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika wakitokea Afrika Maghariki hususani nchi za Kameruni, Naijeria na Ghana wakipita misitu ya Kongo, Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu walikuwa katika kundi mojawapo lililoelekea mashariki hadi maeneo ya Ziwa Nyanza (Victoria) hadi katika kisiwa cha Ukerewe kilichopo katika ziwa hilo kubwa zaidi barani Afrika. Japo haijulikani sababu hasa, kundi moja liliondoka kutoka katika kisiwa cha Ukerewe hadi Kisiwa cha Uzinza na kutoka hapo wakahama hadi maeneo ya Tabora ambako waligawanyiaka kundi moja likielekea kusini na inasemekana ndio waliokuja kuwa Wagogo na Wanyaturu huku kundi lingine likiendelea kuelekea Mashariki kupitia mlima Sekenke hadi Kisiriri.
Walipoanza kuitwa Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu/Waihanzu

Wakaishi hapo Kisiriri kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kutokea ukame mkubwa sana uliosababisha njaa katika eneo hilo. Ili kukabiliana na tatizo hilo la njaa, watu hao walitumia mboa za majani za mlenda uliokaushwa zijulikanazo kama “ndalu” kama chakula kikuu. Kutokana na kula “ndalu” kwa mtindo wa kulamba, watu wa makabila mengine ya kibantu walivyowaona wakawaita “wenye kulamba” na baadaye likabadilika hadi kuwa “wenyilamba” hadi “Wanyiramba”.
Ikumbukwe kuwa hadi hapo Wanyisanzu na Wanyiramba walikuwa kabila moja na wote walifahamika kama Wanyiramba baada ya njaa hiyo.
Wanyisanzu/Waihanzu wahamia pori la Mkalama
Kundi moja likaamua kuondoka hapo Kisiriri hadi pori la Mkalama wakiwa na mifugo yao na familia zao na walipofika katika pori hilo ili kujilinda na wanyama wakali wakajenga nyumba na kuzungushia maboma ya miba maarufu kama “masanzu/mahanzu”. Baadaye baadhi ya Wanyiramba waliobaki Kisiriri nao waliamua kuondoka hapo na walipofika Mkalama wakawakuta wenzao wamezungushia nyumba zao kwa Maboma ya “masanzu/mahanzu”  ndipo walipoanza kuwaita hawa ni wanyisanzu au waihanzu.
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu japo wanahistoria inayofanana na kwa mtu mgeni anaweza kudhani kuwa hakuna tofauti baina yao, lakini ukweli ni kuwa kuna tofauti kubwa sana baina yao.
Koo zao na Wanapopatikana 
 
Wanyiramba
 
Hizi ni koo tano za Wanyiramba na wanapopatikana
  • Kinampanda: Wanaishi sehemu za milimani hasa huko Kinampanda
  • Anagimbu:     Wapo Iramba Mashariki
  • Waiambi/waiyambi: Wanaishi Nkungi na Iambi
  • Anishai: Wanapatikana Kinandili na
  • Akimbu: Hawa wapo mpakani mwa Iramba na Tabora
Kwa upande wa Wanyisanzu, wao wana Koo nne tu
  • Mnyakilumi: Wapo maeneo ya Kilumi/Kirumi
  • Mnyatumbili: Wanaishi Ikolo
  • Mnyadintima: Hawa wanapatikana Mwangeza na
  • Mnyasoha: Waishio Mkalama
Ndugu msomaji wa Ohayoda, yapo mengi sana usiyoyafahamu kuhusu makabila haya mawili yenye historia inayofanana na japo wanaishi pamoja na watu wengi kudhani ni kabila moja, wanatofauti kubwa sana hasa za tabia na mambo mengine kedekede. Katika Makala zijazo tutakujuza mengi hasa Lugha, Mofolojia/miili (Morphology), mavazi, tabia, miiko, matambiko, umiliki wa mali na chakula.

Usikose kufuatilia makala hii na zingine kuhusu mambo ya Utamaduni kila siku za Jumanne, Alhamisi na Jumamosi hapa hapa katika libeneke boooooora zaidi linalokujuza  habari kemkem hasa za jamii halisi za Kitanganyika.
Kama una maoni, maswali au ushauri usisite kuwasiliana nasi au kuacha maoni yako hapo chini nasi tutayafanyika kazi ili kuboresha jamvi letu hili liwe na manufaa kwa wote.
Songela saana!
Mu hali gani wanaOhayoda popote mlipo duniani, leo nipo Kidarafa kijiji kilichopo katika wilaya ya Iramba (sasa Mkalama nadhani) kipo kilometa takriban 10 kutoka Haydom. Kidarafa kunanikumbusha mbali sana, kuna mlima maarufu sana unaitwa “Mlima wa Msalaba”, mlima ambao unajiwe refu juu yake na juu ya hilo jiwe kuna msalaba umewekwa. Sijui haswa historia ya huo msalaba na nani aliuweka na kwa nini, lakini Kidarafa inabaki kuwa sehemu muhimu ya maisha yangu ya utotoni. Hapo pia ndipo nilipoweza kufahamiana na kuishi na Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu na wengi nilisoma nao nilipokuwa Shule ya Msingi Endaharghadatk.
 
Tuachane na hizo “story” za utotoni tutazipiga siku nyingine, kama kawa kama dawa, leo tunaendeleza tulipoishia juzi (Alhamisi) kuhusu Historia na Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu, makala iliyopita tulipitia Historia yao na Koo mbalimbali na sehemu koo hizo zinakopatikana…ungana nami tuwafahamu hawa rafiki zangu ninapoandika makala hii kutoka Kidarafa pembeni ya “kata upepo”
SURA
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wengi wana;
  • meno mekundu na mafupi (uwekundu kutokana na maji yenye flourine nyingi maeneo mengi ya Iramba)
  • Nywele ngumu za kipilipili
  • Uso wenye aibu na macho yasiyopenda kukabiliana na macho ya mtu mwingine
LUGHA
kama tulivyosema awali Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wote ni wabantu na lugha zao zimefanana kwa sehemu kubwa. Kwa mfano neno “twende” Wanyiramba husema “kweini” na Wanyisanzu husema “kweni”, Na MAJI Wanyiramba hutamka “Maazi” huku Wanyisanzu wakisema “Mazi”
Aidha zipo herufi za alfabeti za Kiswahili ambazo hazipo katika lugha hizi zote mbili. Mfano herufi “F”, “V” na “SH” hivyo maneno yenye hizo herufi hutamkwa kama ifuatavyo
Fimbo hutamkwa Pimbo
Ofisi wao husema Opisi
Viatu kwao ni Biatu
Ushanga wanasema Uchanga
 TABIA
Hapa ndipo tofauti kubwa ilipo baina ya Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu. Na moja ya tofauti kubwa ni kuwa Wanyisanzu ni moja ya jamii chache za Tanzania ambapo mwanamke ananguvu kuliko mwanaume (Matrilinier society) na mambo mengine kadha wa kadha
Wanyiramba
Wanyisanzu
Wanasalimia kwa sauti ya upole
Wanasalimia kwa sauti ya Ukali
Wanaetoa maelezo ya jambo hadi kieleweke (ni walimu wazuri na wavumilivu)
Hutumia lugha ya ukali kuelekeza jambo na ni kama wanatoa maagizo
Hutumia lugha ya kuomba na unyenyekevu
Hawajui kuomba na hutumia amri
Ni wakweli na hawajui kuficha siri
Ni wasiri sana na hii hupelekea kutokuwa wakweli
Hawapendi vita wala shari na watu wengine
Wanapenda sana ugomvi
Mwanaume ana madaraka ya mwisho katika familia
Mwanamke ndiye mwenye mamlaka ya mwisho katika familia

MIIKO 
Kuna miiko mbalimbali katika jamii za kinyiramba na Kinyisanzu, hizi ni baadhi tu ya miiko yao japo mengi hayapo tena siku hizi za dot com
  • Huruhusiwi kuonana na mkwe wako hadi baada ya kuzaa watoto wawili na unapoenda huko ukweni maandalizi maalum ya kimila hufanyika.
  • Kama jamii nyingine za Kiafrika, msichana kuzaa nje ya ndoa ni mwiko
  • Kwa waliooa au kuolewa, ni mwiko kuoga mtoni hasa kwa wanawake
  • Wanaume waliooa hawaruhusiwi kuambatana (kuwa na kampani moja) na vijana (mabachela)
  • Kwenye chakula, kuna miiko kadha wa kadha. Mfano wanawake wajawazito hawaruhusiwi kula mayai, watoto katu hawagusi utumbo na vijana hawali bandama.
MYTH (Imani za “Kufikirika”)
Kuna wanyama huwa wanamikosi, kama ukiona paka wanajamiiana utaona au utasikia habari mbaya inayokuhusu, na kama kinyonga au mbweha akikatiza mbele yako wanaamini utasikia habari za kifo au ugonjwa wa ndugu yako
Mpenzi msomaji, naamini leo umepata machache ambayo ulikuwa huyajui kuhusu hawa ndugu zetu ambao wanapatikana katika Mkoa wa Singida hususani wilaya ya Iramba. Bado kuna mengi ya kujuzana kuhusu wao na jamii zingine za huku kwetu, hayo na mengine mengi yanakujia hapa hapa Ohayoda. Mpaka Jumanne ijayo ila usiache kusoma Ohayoda ujue mengi usiyoyajua
Songela Zig Zig

Na Amani Paul, Mwangeza
Kama tulivyoona katika makala mbili za awali kuhusu Historia, Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu, leo tunaendelea na sehemu nyingine ambayo tutaangazia Mavazi na matambiko katika jamii hizi ambazo zinapatikana huku kwetu. Yapo mengi ya kujifunza na ambayo sisi tunajivunia kuwa na utajiri mkubwa wa utamaduni.
 
MAVAZI NA MAPAMBO
 
  • Kabla ya wakoloni kuja, wanyiramba na wanyisanzu walivaa mavazi ya ngozi za wanyama ambapo wanaume walivaa kama lubega na wanawake kujifunga kiunoni na sehemu ya mbele hufungwa shanga nyingi zilizoshonwa kwa ustadi ili kuficha utupu. Ngozi hizo hushonwa kwa uzi wa miti ya mwandu au migumo, ngozi ya mbuzi ilitosha vazi la mtu mzima.
  • Katika kujipamba husuka nywele nyuzi ndogondogo na kuweka shanga, kutoga masikio juu na chini na kuweka mpini na kisha kuninginiza ushanga
  • Kuweka chale usoni alama ya mshale au alama ya =
  • Wanachonga meno ya juu alama ya V inayoelekea chini
  • Wanavaa shanga shingoni, kiunoni, mikononi na miguuni.
  • Kwa viatu walikuwa wanatumia ngozi ya ng’ombe dume hasa sehemu ya chini ya shingo maarufu kama dagala
  • Wanaume hutembea na fimbo, upinde, mkuki, visu na sime
MATAMBIKO
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanathamini sana matambiko. Kuna matambiko ya mtu binafsi, familia, ukoo au jamii nzima. Kwa ajili ya matambiko, hutumia ngæombe mweusi aliyezaliwa usiku, mbuzi mweupe, kondoo mweusi, pombe na hori
Matambiko haya hufanyika kwenye mapango na makaburi na huwa kuna maeneo maalum ya kufanyia matambiko hasa kule Mwandu kwa Wanyiramba na kwa Wanyisanzu hufanyia matambiko yao kule Kirumi.
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu ni watumiaji wazuri w tumbaku hasa ugoro.
Pamoja na hayo niliyoyaeleza hapo juu, Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wamepoteza utamaduni wao kwa kiasi kikubwa sana hasa kutokana na mabadiliko ya maisha. Mambo mengi yamebadilika mfano
  • Lugha ya Kiswahili kuzimeza Kinyiramba na Kinyisanzu
  • Dini (Ukristo na Uislamu) umefanya mambo ya matamiko yatoweke
  • Miiko mbalimbali imepuuzwa na kupingwa
UMILIKI WA MALI 
Ikumbukwe kuwa pamoja na kuwa Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanahistoria inayofanana na tamaduni zao ni karibu sawa, lakini wanyisanzu wanautofauti pengine tofauti hii inawafanya wawe wa pekee zaidi yaani wanawake wananguvu zaidi ya wanaume (Matrilinear society). Kuna mali zinazomilikiwa na wanaume, wanawake, ukoo na jamii nzima.
  1. Mali zinazomilikiwa na Wanaume : Mifugo yote, mazao yote, zana za vita, mashamba na ardhi, watoto na kupokea mahari
  2. Mali zinazomilikiwa na wanawake: Vyombo vyote vya mapishi na vifaa vya kutayarisha mapishi na vyakula vyote vilivyopikwa
  3. Mali inayomilikiwa na Ukoo: Matambiko, ndoa, mirathi na usuluhishi wa migogoro
  4. Mali inayomilikiwa na jamii: Miti na maeneo ya matambiko na vyanzo vya maji
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanasema kuwa “uzao ni kwa baba lakini ukoo ni kwa mama” wakimaanisha kuwa mwanaume anapooa ni sharti ahamie na kuishi kwa wake zake. Wakwe hawa wanawajibika kuwatunza pamoja na watoto wao kwa kuwapa chakula, shamba la kulima lakini hana haki na mapato yatokanayo na shamba hilo na kujengewa nyumba. Mwanaume huyo anapofariki urithi huenda kwa mjomba wake.
Siku hizi hali hii imebadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa na wanaume hawataki kwenda kuishi kwa wakwe ili kuondokana na dhana ya kuwa “ameolewa”
USHIRIKIANO NA JAMII NYINGINE
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wamepakana na Wanyaturu kwa kusini, wasukuma upande wa magharibi, wahadzabe upande wa kaskazini na kwa upande wa mashariki wanapakana na Wairaqw na Wadatooga, ambao wamekuwa wakishirikiana katika nyanja mbalimbali kama ifuatavyo;
WANACHOPATA KUTOKA KWA
WANACHOTOA KWA
1. Wairaqw: Chakula, punda na ng’ombe
1. Wairaqw: Mtama, mikuki, visu, tumbaku na ushanga na vibarua (wafanyakazi)
2. Wanyaturu: Watumwa (atugwa) kama malipo ya uganga wa mvua
2. Wanyaturu: Mtama, mikuki, visu, tumbaku na uganga wa mvua
3. Wahdzabe: Asali, Nyama, madawa ya asili na kuoleana
3. Wahadzabe: mtama, ushanga, tumbaku na kuoleana
4. Wasukuma: ng’ombe, uganga na kuoleana
4, Wasukuma: Ardhi, kibarua (nguvu kazi) na kuoleana
5. Wadatooga: mafuta, maziwa, ng’ombe na punda
5. Wadatooga: Tumbaku, ardhi na vibarua

Mpenzi msomaji, ninaamini umeweza kujua kwa kiasi kikubwa kuhusu ndugu zetu hawa na yumkini ungependa kujua zaidi, kama una uswali, ushauri au maoni usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Nasi tutayafanyia kazi maoni yako au tutayajibu maswali yako hasa yanayohusu tamaduni za jamii mbalimbali.
Wasiliana nasi kwa kuacha maoni yako hapa chini au tuandikie barua pepe kupitia amanipaulit@gmail.com au nipigie kwa 0784238225!
Nikuache na utani wa huku Iramba kuwa “Iramba mukulu Tanzania kanino”

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  LUGHA INAYOZUNGUMZWA NA WATU WATATU PEKEE AFRIKA
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 05:14 PM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

[Image: _97599344_b974317a-58a8-4576-ab80-3827590c5c37.jpg]
Katrina Esau anafanya kila awezalo ili lugha yake ya utotoni inasalia duniani hata baada ya kifo chake

Bi Esauni, 84, ni mmoja wa watu watatu walio hai ambao wanazungumza kwa ufasaha lugha iitwayo Nuu, mojawapo ya lugha zinazozungumzwa nchini Afrika Kusini ya jamii ya San, ambao pia wanafahamika kama Bushmen.
Lugha ya N|uu inachukuliwa kama lugha asili ya taifa la Afrika Kusini.
Huku kukiwa hakuna hata mtu mmoja ambaye anaweza kuzungumza kwa ufasaha lugha hiyo isipokuwa watu wa familia yake, lugha hiyo imetambuliwa na Umoja wa Mataifa kama “lugha iliyo katika hatari kubwa ya kuangamia”.
“Nilipokuwa mtoto, nilikuwa nikizungumza tu Ki-N|uu na nikawasikia watu wengi mno wakiongea lugha hii.
Ilikuwa ni habari njema, tuliipenda sana lugha yetu, lakini hilo kwa sasa limebadilika,” anasema Bi Esau huko Upington, mji ulioko katika jimbo la Northern Cape.
Kwa karne nyingi, watu wa kabila la San, walikuwa wakitembea kwa uhuru mkubwa katika maeneo haya, wakikusanya matunda na mimea, huku wakiwinda wanyama ili kulisha familia zao.
Lakini leo, tabia hiyo ya kitamaduni ya wa- San, imekwisha kabisa, na watu wa ukoo huo wananiambia kuwa, lugha ni jambo miongoni mwa mambo machache yaliyosalia ambayo yanawaunganisha na buyu la historia yao.
Ndani ya nyumba moja ndogo ya mbao, anawafunza watoto wa mtaa huo sauti 112 na Sauti mwaliko 45 za N|uu.
“Nawafunza lugha hii kwa sababu, sitaki ipotee, mara baada ya kufa kwetu,” Bi Esau alisema.
“Nataka kuwafunza kabisa hadi waelewe, kwa sababu nafahamu hatuna muda mrefu uliosalia.”
Huu ni mwaka wa 10 kwa Bi Esau ambaye amekuwa akiendesha shule hiyo nyumbani kwake.
Watu wa jamii hii, akiwemo Bi Esau, wanazungumza Ki -Afrikaan, ambayo inafanana na liugha inayozungumzwa na walowezi wa Kiholanzi, waliofika Afrika Kusini karne ya 17 wakitokea Uholanzi.
“Tungepigwa vibaya sana iwapo ungepatikana na mzungu ukizungumza lugha hii,” amesema.
“Kwa sababu ya historia yetu, watu leo hawataki kabisa kuzungumza lugha hiyo, kwani inazungukwa na machungu makubwa.
“Tuliitupilia mbali lugha ya N|uu na tukaanza kujifunza na kuzungumza lugha ya Afrikaan, hata ingawa sisi sio wazungu- hiyo imetatiza pakubwa utambulisho wetu,” ameongeza.
Dadake Bi Esau, Hanna Koper na Griet Seekoei – wote wenye miaka 95- wanasikiza kwa makini sana, huku akizungumza kwa machungu waliyopitia wakiwa watoto wadogo.
Hawazungumzi sana lakini wanaitikia kwa kutikiza vichwa vyao, huku dada yao akiongea.
Leo hii, Ouma Geelmeid, anavyofahamika na wengi, ana matumaini ya kuondoa aibu inayoandama lugha hiyo ya N|uu.
Wakati wa mafunzo, huku akiwa na kijiti mkononi, Bi Esau anagusa majina ya Ki- N|uu katika mchoro ulio na viungo vya mwili wa binadamu, huku wanafunzi wakisoma kwa mpigo.
Sawa tu na lugha nyingi za bara Afrika, ambazo zimekuwa zakipasishwa kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine kwa kuzungumza tu- lakini lugha hii sasa imo katika hatari ya kuangamia.
Hadi hivi majuzi, hakukuwa na rekodi yoyote ya maandishi ya lugha hii.
Bi Esau anafanya kazi na mtaalamu wa lugha, Sheena Shah kutoka Chuo cha Masomo kuhusu Afrika na Mashariki ya Kati (Soas) Jijini London na Matthias Brezinger wa taasisi ya The Centre for African Language Diversity Centre Jijini Cape Town, Afrika Kusini ili kubuni alfabeti ya lugha ya Ki- N|uu na misingi imara ya alfabeti na sheria ya msingi ya sarufi.
“Kutokana na kazi aliyoifanyia jamii ya Ouma Geelmeid, tulielewa kuwa jamii hizi zinaitazama lugha kama kitambulisho chao, na hivyo ni kigezo muhimu mno kwa muingiliano wa binadamu,” anasema Bi Shah.
“Utambulisho wa mtu binafsi ni jambo nzuri mno, hasa sasa kote duniani.”
 Chakula cha Wahadzabe cha matunda na nungunungu Tanzania
Lugha ni zaidi ya suala fulani tu la kuwasiliana na mtu mwingine, pia inafungamanishwa na tamaduni na namna maisha ilivyo katika jamii, wataalamu wananiambia.
“Unapotizama lugha za kiafrika, unaelewa kuwa wanawasilisha hali ya maisha kwa njia tofauti mno, mahusiano, maswala ya kiroho, ardhi, afya na ubinadamu,” anasema Bw Brezinger.
“Kuna upana mkubwa mno wa mawazo ujuzi na maarifa juu ya maisha, ambayo imepeanwa kutoka kizazi hata kizazi katika makabila asilia ya Afrika, ambayo mataifa ya magharibi yanafahamu vitu vichache mno na kwa hakika hawajui ni lini lugha hizi zinaangamia: pia ya namna maarifa ya kipekee pia wanapotea,” anaendelea kusema.
Ndani ya darasa, kunao watoto kama 20 hivi, wengi wao wakiwa na
umri chini ya miaka 10, na chipukizi wachace.
Mary-Ann Prins, mwenye umri wa miaka 16, ni mwanafunzi bora zaidi wa Bi Esau, ambaye ana matumaini kwamba siku moja atafunza darasa hili.
“Napenda kuelewa lugha hii. Inanifanya kujihisi kuwa ndani yake, kwamba nimeshikamanishwa na babu wa mababu zangu. Naambiwa walikuwa wakiizungumza na leo naweza kuwa sehemu ya wanaoizungumza pia,” alisema huku akitabasamu.
N|uu sio lugha pekee barani Afrika ambayo imo katika hatari ya kuangamia nchini Afrika Kusini.
Masaa matatu kutoka hapa, katika mji wa Springbok, wazungumzaji
wa lugha inayojulikana kama Nama, wamekuwa wakiishinikiza serikali ya Afrika Kusini, wakitaka kabila lao litambuliwe rasmi nchini humo.
“Ni jambo la huzuni mno kwamba watoto wetu hawawezi kuzungumza Nama. Inanivunja moyo mno, kwamba watoto wetu hawawezi kuwasiliana na wazee wao kwa lugha yao ya kiasili,” anasema Maria Damara, 95, mmojawepo wa wazungumzaji wa lugha ya Nama hapa.
“Je Siku zijazo itakuwa vipi, ni nini kitakachofanyika na watoto wetu?”
Lugha kubwa sita zinazozungumzwa nchini Afrika Kusini: Zulu: Asilimia 22.7, Xhosa: Asilimia 16, Afrikaans: Asilimia13.5, Kiingereza: Asilimia 9.6, Setswana: Asilimia 8 na Sesotho: Asilimia 7.6
Kwa ujumla, Afrika Kusini ina lugha rasmi 11. Kiingereza ndio lugha inayozungumzwa kwa wingi kama lugha rasmi na lugha ya kibiashara.

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  HISTORIA YA CHIFU MKWAWA / WAZUNGU WANAYOIFICHA!
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 04:59 PM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

 
HISTORIA YA CHIFU MKWAWA / WAZUNGU WANAYOIFICHA! Wahehe walimuita Mkwawa mtwa, waswahili wakamuita mfalme, Unyanyembe wakamuita mtemi, waha wakamuita Mwami na shuleni tukamuita Chifu Mkwawa, mwanaume pekee aliyewanyoa nywele wazungu bila maji. Huyu mwanaume kiboko ya Wajerumani ni uzao wa yule jiniazi kutoka nchi ya Uhabeshi, Ethiopia ya leo, aliyefika katika ufalme wa Mwamududa miaka 1700 akiwa na teknolojia ya kuwinda kwa mbwa.

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  SANAA YA MAIGIZO
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 03:30 PM - Forum: Nukuu - Replies (1)

Maigizo ni sanaa katika fasihi simulizi ambayo watendaji huwa ndio wahusika. Maigizo hayasimuliwi kama mbinu nyingine za fasihi. Wahusika ndio huzungumza katika sehemu zao mbalimbali.

Mifano:

  1. Michezo ya Kuigiza (Jukwaani) – Haya ni maigizo ya jukwaani ambapo watendaji huiga maneno na matendo ya wahusika mbele ya hadhira.
  2. Miviga – Miviga ni sherehe mbalimbali katika jamii fulani. Watu hujumukika na sherehe hizi kulingana na tamaduni zao
  3. Ngomezi – ni sanaa ya ngoma. Midundo mbalimbali ya ngoma hutumika kuwasilisha ujumbe mbalimbali.
  4. Malumbano ya Utani – Malumbano ya utani ni mashindano ya kuongea jukwaani baina ya watu wa makundi au jamii mbili ambayo hutumia kejeli na chuku kukejeli tabia mbaya katika jamii au kundi fulani
  5. Ulumbi – Ulumbi ni uwezo wa kipekee wa kuzungumza mbele ya hadhira. Mtu mwenye uwezo huo wa kipekee wa kuzungumza jukwaani huitwa mlumbi.
  6. Soga – Soga ni mazungumzo baina ya watu wawili au zaidi ambayo aghalabu huwa hayana mada maalum.
  7. Vichekesho – Vichekesho ni aina ya sanaa ya fasihi simulizi ambayo watu hutoa vihadithi vifupi au sentensi zenye uwezo wa kuwafanya wasikilizaji wacheke.
  8. Maonyesho ya Sanaa – Maonyesho huhusisha watu wa jamii au kundi fulani wanaoonyesha taaluma, ujuzi au sanaa yao kwa watazamaji.

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  TATHIMINI YA MATINI ILI KUTAMBUA UBORA NA UDHAIFU WAKE KATIKA TAFSIRI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 03:27 PM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies

BOFYA HAPA CHINI KUFUNGUA >>>>>


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  MAMBO YA MSINGI KUFANYA ILI KUMUDU MTIHANI WA FASIHI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 02:10 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


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  MFANO WA AZIMIO LA KAZI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 02:03 PM - Forum: Zana za kufundishia - No Replies

   

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  AZIMIO LA KAZI KIDATO CHA TATU
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 01:23 PM - Forum: Zana za kufundishia - No Replies

BOFYA HAPA CHINI KUPAKUA >>>>>>>>


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  AZIMIO LA KAZI KIDATO CHA PILI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-26-2021, 12:58 PM - Forum: Zana za kufundishia - No Replies

BOFYA HAPA CHINI KUPAKUA >>>>>>>


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