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  KUSUASUA KWA SEMANTIKI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-18-2021, 06:21 PM - Forum: Maswali na majibu - No Replies


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  ISTILAHI ANUWAI NA MAANA ZAKE
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-18-2021, 02:22 PM - Forum: Kiswahili cha Kompyuta - Replies (2)

Karibu mdau mkubwa wa kiswahili upate kuyajua maneno ya Kiswahili ambayo pengine umekuwa ukiyatamka na kusogoa kwa lugha ya Kiingereza pasi kujua maana mbadala.
*_NENO_*                 *_MAANA_*
Radio        Rungoya/Redio
Password        Nywila
Keyboard       Kicharazio/Baobonye
Scanner        Mdaki
Floppy disk        Diski tepetevu
Computer virus-      Mtaliga
Business card        Kadi kazi
ATM        Kiotomotela
Laptop        Tarakilishi mpakato/Ngamizi mpakato
Computer        Tarakilishi/Ngamizi
Mobile phone        Simu tamba
Remote control        Kiunga mbali
Lift        Kambarau/Kikwezi.
Incubator        Kitamizi/Kitotoa/Kiangulia
Juice        Sharubati
Chips        Vibanzi
Green house        Kivungulio
Certificate        Astashahada
Diploma        Stashahada
Degree        Shahada
Masters        Shahada ya Uzamili/Shahada ya Umahiri
PhD        Shahada ya uzamivu/Shahada ya Udaktari
Bureau de change        Golo
Archives        Makavazi
Consultant        Msadi
Smartphone        Sikanu/simu janja
Keyword        Neno msingi
Kit        Kivunge
Online        Mkondoni
Page        Gombo
Paste        Bandika
Pointer        Kidosa
Print       Chapisha
Protocol      Itifaki
Tips        Vidokezo
Wallpaper        Pazia
Website        Tovuti
Internet        Wavuti
Web             Wavu
WWW(World Wide Web)  Wavu Wa Walimwengu.

Electronics        Vitu meme
Live        Papo/Mubashara
Hardware       Maunzi ngumu
Software         Maunzi laini
Device        Kitumi
PowerPoint        Kinuru weo
Quiz        Mjarabu shitukizi
Install       Sanidi
Uninstall        Sanidua
Highlighter        Kidhulishi
Cursor        Kielekezi
Browser       Kisakuzi
Bookmark        Kiashiri mada
Adapter        Kirekebu
Download         Pakua
Footer        Kijachini
Footnote        Tiniwayo
Chatting group       Kundi sogozi
Eject        Fyatua
Hardcopy        Nakala Bayana
Softcopy        Nakala laini
Multimedia       Media anuai
Alert       Tahadhari/Tahadharisha
Stationer(y/ies)        Makabrasha
Word processor        Kichakata maneno
University        Ndaki
Main campus        Bewa kuu
Mouse        Puku
ICU           Sadaruki.

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  NI KWA JINSI GANI TAFSIRI HUSAIDIA KUKUZA NA KUSAMBAZA FASIHI?
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-18-2021, 02:16 PM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies


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  JE, WAFAHAMU AINA ZA HARUSI YA KISWAHILI?
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-18-2021, 12:34 PM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies

JE, WAFAHAMU AINA ZA HARUSI YA KISWAHILI?

Ameandika Haayati Shaaban Robert katika Insha yake “ARUSI YA KISWAHILI” katika kitabu kiitwacho “KIELELEZO CHA INSHA” Harusi zijulikanazo ni saba, nazo ni;

1. Ya Kuhala
2. Ya Mti
3. Ya Kigumbu
4. Ya Lima
5. Ya Sahani
6. Ya Kombe
7. Ya Kilili.”
 
NIKUFAFANULIE TOFAUTI ZAKE BAINA YA HARUSI MOJA NA NYINGINE;
Haayati Shaaban Robert akitaja ufafanuzi wa harusi hizo saba kaonesha kuwa zinatofautiana katika kuzisherehekea kwake. Basi kama umeshaingia ndoani tazama hapa ujuwe ulifanya harusi gani ya Kiswahili, na kama bado, utaamua sasa wakati ukifika wataka fanya harusi gani kati ya hizi?

1. Kuhala- “Hii ni ile Arusi ambayo haiadhimishwi.”
Yaani ikishapita ndoa basi ndo imekwisha. Hakuna tena kumbukumbu ya miaka mingapi sijuwi ya ndoa yetu wala nini. (Ufafanuzi wangu)
 
2. Mti- “Hii ni Arusi ambayo haina sherehe” kabisa yani. Kimya kimya. Kwa uzoefu wangu zinakuwa za kuongeza mke wa pili, n.k. Au zile tuitazoa za mkeka, hakuna vifijo labda vya kimbea tu. (Ufafanuzi wangu).

3. Kigumbu- “Hii ni ya karamu ndogo tu”.
Hapa hakimwagiki kipunga wala. Hata watoto wa Uswahilini hawambulii kitu hapa. Hustuliwa wale watu muhimu muhimu sana tu.(Ufafanuzi wangu)
 
4. Lima-” Hii ina karamu kuuubwa” Yaani hapa ndo hata watoto wa Uswahilini twakimbia na kipunga mikononi au chochote kilichoandaliwa. Humu ndimo wazee wetu wanaweza rudi na mifuko. Karamu kubwa.
5. Ya Sahani. “Hii hufuatwa na karamu ya juma moja”
Juma si kama tunavyofasiri sisi ati siku moja. Juma/jumaa ni wiki au siku saba karamu yaliwa tu. Wiki nzima watu wapishana, vyakula kwa vinywaji humwagika (Ufafanuzi wangu)
BWANA WEE! AYAJUWE NANI HAYA KAMA SI SISI WENYEWE WASWAHILI? NASEMA WASWAHILI NDO SIYE.
6.Kombe- “Hii ni harusi ambayo huandaliwa karamu ya jamaa/wiki mbili, yaani watu washereheka tu kwa kula na kunywa.
7. Kilili- “Hii ni ya mwisho ambayo huandaliw karamu ya mwezi mzima na fungate kubwa.
“Waswahili wenyewe hupenda harusi nne za mwisho. Harusi hizi ni Maarufu sana kwa fakhari na adhama zake. Hazimaliziki kwa siku moja. Zina matengenezo makubwa. Washoni na masonara huajiriwa kwa kazi hii. Taarifa za makaribisho hutangulia kupelekwa. Nyumba husafikiwa. Na kupakwa chokaa hasa kwa wakati huu. Ndugu na marafiki huja toka kila mahali kama wageni. Hata katika NYUMBA YA MASIKINI KABISA kuna shughuli ya mchana na usiku kwa muda wa siku chache kabla ya siku ya arusi” UK. 73-74.
KAKWAMBIA NANI, ATI WASWAHILI TUNA DOGO?HATA TUWE MASIKINI.

***Imeandikwa na, MUDHIHIRI NJONJOLO (BABA UTENZI, MSWAHILI DHAHIRI, EL- LUGHAWIY)
MTWARA-MJINI.
0714-821926.

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  TAFSIRI INAVYOSAIDIA KUKUZA NA KUSAMBAZA FASIHI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-18-2021, 10:23 AM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies


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  TOFAUTI KATI YA UKALIMANI NA TAFSIRI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-17-2021, 08:31 PM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - No Replies

KINADHARIA NA KIVITENDO
Katika makala hii tutaanza kueleza maana ya tafsiri na ukalimani. Sehemu ya pili tutaeleza vipengele vinavyotofautisha taaluma ya tafsiri na ukalimani.
Kwa kuanza na maana ya tafsiri. Wataalamu mbalimbali wanaeleza maana tafsiri kama ifuatavyo;
Kwa mujibu wa Mwansoko na wenzake (2006) wanaeleza kuwa tafsiri ni zoezi la uhawilishaji wa mawazo katika maandishi kutoka lugha moja hadi nyingine. Woa wanatilia mkazo katika zoezi la uhawilishaji na kinachohawilishwa ni mawazo katika maandishi.
Pia Catford (1965) anaeleza kuwa, kutafsiri ni kuchukua mawazo yaliyo katika maandishi kutoka lugha mmoja yaani lugha chanzi na kuweka badala yake mawazo yanayolingana kutoka katika lugha nyingine yaani lugha lengwa. Hapa msisitizo upo katika matini zilizoandikwa na kuzingatia zaidi ujumbe au wazo lililopo katika matini chanzi lijitokeze vile vile katika matini lengwa. Mawazo haya hayawezi kuwa sawa kabisa na ya matini chanzi bali ni mawazo yanayolingana toka matini chanzi na matini lengwa, hii ni kutokana na sababu tofauti kama vile utamaduni, historia, kiisimu na mazingira.
Naye Newmark (1982) anaeleza kuwa tafsiri ni mchakato wa uhawilishaji wa maneno kutoka matini chanzi kwenda matini lengwa.
Pia Nida na Taber (1969) wanaeleza kuwa tafsiri hujumuisha kuzalisha upya ujumbe wa lugha chanzi kwa kutumia visawe vya asili vya lugha lengwa vinavyo karibiana zaidi na lugha chanzi kimaana na kimtindo. Wao wanatilia mkazo uzalishaji upya wa kwa kutumia visawe asili vinavyokaribiana na matini chanzi kimaana na kimtindo. Kutokana na maana hizi tunaweza kusema kuwa tafsiri hufanywa katika ujumbe uliopo katika maandishi, ni jaribio la kiuhawilishaji na wazo linalatafsiriwa huwa na visawe vinavyokaribiana na sio sawa kutokana na tofauti za kiisimu, kihistoria, kiutamaduni na mazingira.
Pia maana ya ukalimani umefasiriwa kama ifuatavyo;
Kwa mujibu wa Wanjala (2011) anaeleza kuwa, ukalimani ni kuhawilisha ujumbe uliopo katika mazungumzo pamoja na uamilifu wake kutoka lugha chasili hadi lugha lengwa kwa kuzingatia isimu utamaduni na muktadha wa jamii husika.
Hivyo tunaweza kusema kuwa ukalimani ni uhawilishaji wa taarifa au ujumbe kutoka kwa msemaji wa lugha chanzi kwenda katika lugha lengwa kwa njia ya mdomo au mazungumzo, kwa kuzingatia isimu ya lugha husika, utamaduni na muktadha katika jamii fulani.
Kinadharia na kivitendo taaluma ya tafsiri na  taaluma ya  ukalimani ni tofauti. Tofauti hizo zinajitokeza katika vipengele vifuatavyo;
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha maana; tafsiri ni taaluma ya uhawilishaji wa mawazo katika maandishi kutoka lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa kwa kuzingatia isimu, mukutadha na utamaduni. Lakini ukalimani ni taaluma inayohusika na uhawilishaji wa taarifa au wazo kutoka kwa msemaji wa lugha chanzi kwenda katika lugha lengwa kwa njia ya mdomo au mazungumzo kwa kuzingatia isimu, utamaduni na  muktadha wa jamii. Hapa tunaona tofauti kuwa taaluma ya tafsiri inahaulisha ujumbe katika maandishi na ukalimani unahaulisha ujumbe katika mazungumzo.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha ukongwe; Taaluma ya tafsiri imeanza hivi karibuni mara baada ya majilio ya maandishi. Hii ina maana kwamba baada ya kuwepo kwa maandishi ndipo taaluma hii ya tafsiri ikaanza. Lakini ukalimani ni taaluma kongwe zaidi kwani mazungumzo yalianza kabla ya maandishi. Ukalimani ulianza baada ya maingiliano ya jamii ndipo haja ya kukalimani ikaanza hususani katika shughuli za biashara, dini na kadhalika ndipo ilipolazimu uwepo wa ukalimani katika jamii ili kukidhi mawasiliano.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha hadhira; Katika taaluma ya tafsiri huwa na hadhira ambayo haishirikiana moja kwa moja katika mchakato wa tafsiri. Hadhira ya tafsiri husoma tu kazi iliyotafsiriwa. Lakini katika taaluma ya ukalimani huwa na hadhira hai inayoshirikiana katika mchakato mzima wa ukalimani. Hii ina maana kwamba hadhira huweza kuwasiliiana na mkalimani endapo hadhira inahitaji jambo la ziada. Mfano katika ukalimani wa mikutano au makongamano na ukalimani wa kijamii kama vile katika masuala ya afya, maji, ujenzi wa shule , imani/ dini nakadhalika hadhira hushirikiana na mkalimani moja kwa moja.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha stadi kuu na muhimu za lugha; Taaluma ya tafsiri huhusisha stadi kuu nne za muhimu ambazo ni kusoma, kuandika, kusikiliza na kuzungumza. Mfasiri anatakiwa kuwa na ujuzi wa taaluma hii ili kufanikisha mchakato wa tafsiri kwa ufanisi. Lakini katika taaluma ya ukalimani huhusisha stadi kuu muhimu kama vile kusikiliza kutoka kwa msemaji wa lugha chanzi, na kuzungumza kwenda kwa wasikilizaji, na kutunza kumbukumbu.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha muda; taaluma ya tafsiri huchukua muda mrefu kuhawilisha ujumbe kwani maandishi huhitaji maandalizi, hela na wakati wa kutosha ili kupata kazi iliyo bora zaidi. Lakini taaluma ya ukalimani huchukua muda mfupi mno wa kuhawilisha ujumbe yaani hapo kwa  papo. Mfano ukalimani wa mahakamani, ukalimani wa mikutanoni au kwenye makongamano, warisha na semina mkalimani, hukalimani mfululizo kuendana na msemaji wa lugha lugha chanzi.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha mfumo wa lugha ; katika taaluma ya tafsiri hutumia mfumo wa lugha ya maandishi. Lakini katika taaluma ya ukalimani hutumia mfumo wa lugha ya mazungumzo. Mfano ukalimani mfululizo au andamizi ambapo mkalimani huzungumza sambamba na msemaji wa lugha  chanzi hivyo mkalimani hufanya kazi kwa haraka sana ili kuendana na kasi ya mzungumzaji kama mfumo wa lugha ulivyo.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha uwasilishaji; taaluma ya tafsiri, mfasiri ananafasi ya kudurusu kazi aliyopewa na kuweza kuondoa na kurekebisha au kusahihisha makosa yaliyojitokeza katika tafsiri yake. Lakini katika taaluma ya ukalimani, mkalimani hana nafasi ya kudurusu hata kama kuna kosa lililojitokeza. Na mara nyingi ukalimani huwa na makosa ya kimatamshi, kisarufi na kiuteuzi wa maneno.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha utunzaji wa kumbukumbu; Katika taaluma ya tafsiri huwa na kumbukumbu ya kudumu kwani mawazo au ujumbe huifadhiwa katika maadhishi. Lakini katika taaluma ya ukalimani kumbukumbu sio ya kudumu kwani huwa katika mazungumzo kinadharia na kivitendo.
Ingawa taaluma hizi mbili yaani taaluma ya ukalimani na taaluma ya tafsiri zinatofautiana kwa kiwango fulani kinadharia na kivitendo lakini taaluma hizi mbili zinafanana.
Vigezo vinavyofananisha taaluma hizi mbili ni hivi vifuatavyo;
Taaluma zote mbili hushughulika na uhawilishaji wa ujumbe kutoka katika lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa.
Taaluma zote hulenga kufanikisha mchakato wa mawasiliano kati ya watu au jamii mbili au zaidi zinazotumia lugha tofauti.
Taaluma zote mbili huchangiana na kushirikiana katika mambo makuu manne muhimu ambayo ni mtoa ujumbe, ujumbe wenyewe, mhawilishaji ujumbe na mpokeaji ujumbe. Mchango wa kila kipengele ni muhimu katika taaluma zote mbili ili kukamilisha mchakato mzima wa tafsiri na ukalimani.
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha uendeshwaji; taaluma zote mbili huweza kuendeshwa kwa namna mbili, binadamu au mashine zinazotumiwa kuhawilisha ujumbe kutoka katika lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa.
Hivyo tunaweza kuhitimisha kwa kusema kuwa licha ya kufanana na kutofautiana kwa dhana au taaluma hizi mbili, mfasili na mkalimani hawana budi kuzingatia isimu yaani sarufi ya lugha husika, utamaduni, muktadha husika na hata historia ya jamii husika.
Marejeo.
Catford J.C. (1965) A Linguistic theory of Translation: OUP London.
Mwansoko, H.J.M. na wenzake (2006) Kitangulizi cha Tafsiri: Nadharia na Mbinu: TUKI Dar es Salaam.
Newmark, P. (1988) A Textbook of Translaton. : Prentice Hall London.
Nida, A. E. na Charles, R. T. (1969) The Theory and Practice of Translation. The United Bible Societies: Netherlands.
Wanjala S. F (2011) Misingi ya ukalimani na tafsiri; Serengeti Education publisher (T) L.T.D. Mwanza Tanzania

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  TAFSIRI NZURI NA TAFSIRI MBOVU
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-17-2021, 08:19 PM - Forum: Tafsiri na Ukalimani - Replies (1)

Tafsiri ya neno kwa neno inadhoofisha maana – inaweza kupotosha maana ya kile kinachokusudiwa. Kwa hakika, kufasiri neno kwa neno huifanya tafsiri iwe mbovu
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Kila tafsiri ni fasiri au ufafanuzi wa maelezo fulani.
Sanaa ya kufasiri kwa Kiswahili si kazi rahisi kama wengi wanavyofikiri  kwa sababu hakuna lugha iliyo sawa na Kiswahili.
Kazi ya kutafsiri maandishi kutoka lugha ya kigeni kwa Kiswahili inaweza kufanywa kwa urahisi na yeyote yule mwenye kamusi la maneno ya lugha hizo mbili.
Lakini fasiri yenye kutafsiri neno kwa neno sio tafsiri nzuri. Kwa hakika, si lazima kila neno lifasirike kwa neno moja. Maneno mengine huwa hayakubali kuamiliwa hivyo.
Mwenye kutafsiri anapoamua kutumia neno fulani badala ya jengine wakati huohuo anakuwa pia anachagua neno gani litalofuata ambalo atahitaji kulitumia.
Kwa hivyo uchaguzi wa neno ndio chanzo cha fasiri.  Sauti pia, yaani namna neno linavyosikika husaidia kufikisha maana inayokusudiwa kwa wanaosikiliza au kusoma.
Tafsiri ya neno kwa neno inadhoofisha maana – inaweza kupotosha maana ya kile kinachokusudiwa. Kwa hakika, kufasiri neno kwa neno huifanya tafsiri iwe mbovu.
Tafsiri iliyo nzuri ni ile yenye kusema vilevile kama yasemavyo makala yaliyotafsiriwa, iwe inalingana na maandishi asili. Tafsiri iliyo nzuri huwa inaeleza mambo kana kwamba lugha iliyotumiwa ndio lugha asili iliyotumiwa kuandika makala hayo.
Tafsiri hiyo huwa na maana ya kinachokusudiwa katika maandishi yanayofasiriwa. Tafsiri aina hiyo huwa inatiririka kama maji; haikwami kwami.
Chaguo la neno moja linaweza kuamua mtiririko wa makala yote unayoyafasiri.   Kutafsiri ni kazi ya hatua kwa hatua.  Kwa hivyo, kumbuka kwamba unapoamua kutumia neno fulani katika hatua moja unaweza ukaiathiri hatua itayofuata hapo. Lakini kuchagua kutumia neno fulani na si jengine ni mwanzo tu.
Ni mwanzo kwa sababu tafsiri iliyo nzuri huwa pia inashikamana, sentensi moja inashikamana na nyingine, sehemu moja ya maelezo yanayofasiriwa inashikamana na nyingine.
Baadhi ya nyakati wafasiri wanaathiriwa na jinsi wafasiri wengine walivyotafsiri neno au mafungu ya maneno.  Haya tunayaona wazi siku hizi katika matangazo ya redio au maandishi ya magazeti.  Hatari hapa iko katika kuiga.
Kuna mifano mingi sana ya maneno yanayotafsiriwa vibaya na yanayoendelea kutumiwa na vyombo vya habari vya kuheshimika kwa sababu waandishi au watangazaji wamezoea kuigiza tafsiri zilizo mbovu.
Nitatoa hapa mifano miwili ya tafsiri mbovu. Zote zimetafsiri neno kwa neno na matokeo yake ni sentensi ambazo ingawa zina maneno ya Kiswahili hazisemi kama Waswahili tusemavyo.
  1. “Waathiriwa wanapokea matibabu” ni tafsiri ya neno kwa neno ya sentensi ifuatayo ya Kiingereza: “The victims are receiving treatment.” Waswahili hatusemi kuwa “mgonjwa anapokea matibabu”. Tunasema kuwa “mgonjwa anatibiwa”.
  2. “Je, unanipokea?”  Hii ni tafsiri ya neno kwa neno ya sentensi ya Kiingereza: “Are you receiving me?” Mara nyingi tunawasikia watangazaji wakiisema sentensi hii wakiwa studio wakizungumza na ama waandishi wao au wahojiwa walio nje ya studio. Waswahili hatumuulizi mtu iwapo tunampokea. Tunamuuliza iwapo anatusikia.  Lakini siku hizi kama nilivyosema watangazaji wamezoea kuwa “je, unanipokea?” badala ya “je, unasikia vizuri?”
Tafsiri nzuri haipatikani kwa uchawi. Inapatikana kwa juhudi za mwenye kufasiri za kuweza kuifanya tafsiri yake iwe na maana sawa na ile ya makala ya awali aliyoyafasiri.
Kuna jambo moja ambalo kila mwenye kufasiri anapaswa kulikumbuka.  Nalo ni kwamba kazi ya kutafsiri kitu ni kazi ya usanii na si kazi ya sayansi.  Hivyo, unaweza ukafasiri makala kwa uzuri utakiwavyo lakini bado anaweza akatokea mtu akaikosoa tafsiri yako.
Ni muhimu kwa hivyo kwamba usipoteze muda kubishana kuhusu, kwa mfano,namna ulivyozipanga sentensi zako.  Lililo muhimu ambalo unapaswa ulizingatie ni iwapo tafsiri yako ina maana ileile kama iliyokusudiwa katika makala ya Kiingereza (au ya lugha yoyote nyingine) uliyoyafasiri.
Unapofasiri kitu usiwe na papara. Kuna hatari kwamba ukifanya pupa unaweza ukapotosha maana ya kinachokusudiwa. Soma kwa makini, mara mbili tatu ikiwezekana, hicho unachokitafsiri mpaka maana yake ikuingie sawasawa kichwani. Usianze kutafsiri chochote kabla ya kwanza kukielewa unachokifasiri.  Halafu unapokuwa unafasiri ziangalie sentensi zako, au hata zisome kwa sauti, uangalie kama zinalingana na miundo ya sentensi za Kiswahili.
Jiulize pia iwapo fasiri yako ni sahihi na iwapo inafahamika vizuri. Haitoweza kufahamika iwapo utatumia miundo ya sentensi yenye kuigiza ile ya lugha ya Kiingereza (au lugha yoyote nyingine ya awali unayoifasiri).
Pia tafsiri yako haitoweza kufahamika ikiwa makala unayoyafasiri hayafahamiki.  Kwa hivyo, usichelee kuwauliza wengine maana ya unachotaka kukitafsiri.  Waombe wenzako wakueleze makala uliyo nayo yana maana gani au yanasema nini.
Tunapotafsiri huwa hatufasiri maneno tu bali huwa pia tunafasiri ada, kawaida, na utamaduni wa mila na hata wa kisiasa. Tunakuwa tunazishughulikia lugha mbili tafauti — au pingine zaidi ya mbili — na wakati huohuo tunakuwa pia tunashughulikia tamaduni mbili tafauti.
Kwa hivyo, jiepushe kutumia mifano kutoka tamaduni nyingine, jaribu uwezavyo kutumia mifano kutoka kwenye utamaduni wa Kiswahili.
Kwa hakika, inaweza kuwa kazi ngumu kutafsiri maneno ya kitamaduni. Tafauti baina ya tamaduni mbalimbali ni changamoto kubwa kwani tafauti hizo huenda zikampa matatizo mwenye kutafsiri kuliko tafauti za miundo ya lugha.
Kwa mfano, katika lugha yetu ya Kiswahili kuna maneno ambayo hatuyasemi waziwazi.  Sehemu za utupu wa mwanadamu hatuziiti kwa majina yao.  Ni muhali Waswahili kuziita sehemu hizo za utupu kwa majina yao.  Lakini Waingereza hawana muhali huo.  Wanayatumia katika mazungumzo na maandishi ya kawaida.
Hamna shaka yoyote ile kwamba kuyatafsiri maneno kama hayo kwa Kiswahili huwa ni kazi ngumu na huwatatiza baadhi ya wanaotafsiri.
Ugumu huo huenda ukawa ni kwa sababu ya tafauti baina ya tamaduni, dini, au imani.  Kuna njia mbalimbali za kutafsiri maneno yenye muhali kutoka lugha moja hadi lugha nyingine.
Tafsiri nzuri ni ile iliyo tiifu kwa makala ya chanzo, makala ya awali na pia inayowafanya watu wanaoisikiliza au kuisoma waikubali kwa namna makala yalivyotafsiriwa.
Tafauti baina ya tamaduni mbili zinaweza kuwafanya watu wa utamaduni mmoja waamini mambo, matukio au hata tabia ambazo watu wa utamaduni mwingine huenda wakaziona kuwa ni za ajabuajabu au za kuchekesha au hata zisizokubalika katika utamaduni wao.
Kila wakati mtafsiri anawajibika amfikiriye msikilizaji au msomaji wa makala au taarifa iliyotafsiriwa.
Kwa mfano ikiwa umetafsiri makala yatayotumiwa katika kipindi cha watoto cha redio au cha televisheni basi utalazimika uwe mwangalifu zaidi wa lugha utayoitumia ambayo itabidi iwe nyepesi.

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  TAFSIRI NA UKALIMANI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-17-2021, 08:15 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


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  MAENDELEO YA KISWAHILI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-17-2021, 08:13 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


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  UTUNGAJI/UANDISHI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-17-2021, 08:11 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


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