MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
JIFUNZE KISWAHILI

Welcome, Guest
You have to register before you can post on our site.

Username
  

Password
  





Search Forums

(Advanced Search)

Forum Statistics
» Members: 5,481
» Latest member: Kundlimatching
» Forum threads: 2,178
» Forum posts: 2,256

Full Statistics

Online Users
There are currently 35 online users.
» 0 Member(s) | 34 Guest(s)
Bing

Latest Threads
Buy Vilitra 60 Mg |【Get E...
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
04-24-2023, 11:45 AM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 0
How to take Cenforce50?
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
04-19-2023, 12:59 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 0
About the Vidalista 60 Mg...
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
04-04-2023, 04:07 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 0
What Is Vidalista 60?
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
04-03-2023, 10:49 AM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 0
How to take Cenforce 100 ...
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
03-29-2023, 02:37 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 66
How is Vidalista 10 Mg us...
Forum: Watunzi wa Kiswahili
Last Post: Kieth_winsett
03-27-2023, 01:26 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 117
Obtain Thesis Paper Assis...
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Minny02
03-24-2023, 03:01 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 200
SEO services for sports f...
Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu
Last Post: Maria Poland
03-17-2023, 01:51 PM
» Replies: 1
» Views: 223
NUKUU ZA KISWAHILI DARASA...
Forum: Nukuu
Last Post: MwlMaeda
01-15-2023, 05:31 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 788
NECTA K4 2022
Forum: Mitihani
Last Post: MwlMaeda
01-15-2023, 05:25 PM
» Replies: 0
» Views: 403

 
  HISTORIA YA WAMASAI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-24-2021, 07:54 PM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

[Image: 320px-Maasai_Enkang_and_Hut.JPG]
[b] [/b]

Wamasai ni kabila la watu wa kuhamahama wanaopatikana Kenya na Tanzania. Kwa sababu ya mila zao, mavazi tofauti na kuishi karibu na mbuga nyingi za Afrika Mashariki, ni miongoni mwa makabila yanayojulikana zaidi hata nje ya Afrika.
Wao wanazungumza Maa,  mojawapo ya familia ya lugha za Kinilo-Sahara inayohusiana na Kidinka na Kinuer. Kwa sababu ya uhamiaji, Wamasai ni wazungumzaji wa Kiniloti wa kusini zaidi. Pia wameelimika katika lugha rasmi za Kenya na Tanzania: Kiswahili na Kiingereza.
Utafiti juu ya DNA yao umeonyesha walivyoathiriwa na urithi wa nasaba mbalimbali, hata kutoka nje ya Afrika, lakini hasa wa jamii ya Wakushi wa Afrika Mashariki.
Idadi ya Wamasai ilikadiriwa kuwa 841.622 katika sensa ya 2009 na 800.000 katika Tanzania mwaka 2011 ; kwa jumla inakadiriwa kuwa inakaribia 1.700.000  Makadirio hayo ya Wamasai katika nchi zote mbili huenda ikawa vigumu kuyathibitisha kwa sababu ya umbali wa maeneo ya vijiji vyao vingi, na asili yao ya uhamaji.
Ingawa serikali za Tanzania na Kenya zimeweka mipango kuwahimiza Wamasai kuachana na jadi ya uhamaji, bado wameendelea na desturi hiyo.  Hivi majuzi, Oxfam imedai kwamba mtindo wa maisha ya Wamasai lazima ukubaliwe kwa kuzingatia mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa kwa sababu hawana uwezo wa kulima katika majangwa.
Historia
Kulingana na historia simulizi yao wenyewe, asili ya Wamasai ni kwenye bonde la Nile ya chini, kaskazini kwa Ziwa Turkana (North-West Kenya).
Walianza kuhamia kusini karibu na karne ya 15, wakiwasili katika shina la ardhi kutoka kaskazini mwa Kenya na Tanzania ya kati tangu karne ya 17 hadi mwisho wa karne ya 18. Makabila mengine yalilazimishwa kuyahama makazi yao Wamasai walipohamia huko.
Eneo la Wamasai lilifika kilele cha ukubwa wake katikati ya karne ya 19, na kuenea kote katika Bonde la Ufa na pande za ardhi kutoka Mlima Marsabit huko kaskazini hadi Dodoma kule kusini.  Wakati huo Wamasai, na vilevile kundi kubwa la waliokuwa wamejiunga nalo, walikuwa wakivamia mifugo hadi umbali wa mashariki ya pwani ya Tanga huko Tanzania. Washambulizi walitumia mikuki na ngao, lakini walikuwa wamehofiwa kwa kutupa vilabu (orinka) walivyoweza kutupa kwa usahihi kutoka umbali wa mita 100.
Mwaka 1852 kulikuwa na ripoti ya msongamano wa wapiganaji 800 wa Kimasai kuhamia nchini Kenya. Mwaka 1857, baada ya kufyeka “Nyika ya Wakuafi” kusini mashariki mwa Kenya, washambulizi Wamasai wakatisha Mombasa katika pwani ya Kenya.
[Image: 300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DOA0556%2C_D...rieger.jpg]



Masai mashujaa katika Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, 1906/1918 hivi.
Kipindi cha upanuzi ulifuatwa na “Emutai” ya miaka 1883-1902. Kipindi hiki kilikuwa kimeainishwa na uenezi wa magonjwa ya bovin pleuropneumoniarinderpest na ndui. Kisio la kwanza la mwanajeshi wa Kijerumani kaskazini magharibi mwa Tanganyika ni kwamba asilimia 90 ya ng’ombe na nusu ya wanyama pori walikufa kutokana na ugonjwa wa rinderpest. Madaktari Wajerumani walidai kuwa katika eneo moja “kila sekunde” Afrika kulikuwa na mtoto aliyeugua matokeo ya smallpox. Kipindi hiki kiliambatana na ukameMvua ilikosa kunyesha kabisa miaka 1897 na 1898.
Mtafiti kutoka AustriaOscar Baumann akisafiri katika nchi ya Wamasai miaka 1891-1893, alieleza makazi huko katika volkeno ya Ngorongoro katika kitabu cha mwaka 1894 durch Massailand zur Nilquelle (“Kupitia ardhi ya Wamasai kwenye chanzo cha Nile”): “Kulikuwa na wanawake waliodhoofiwa mno waliotazama ule wazimu wa njaa … mashujaa waliokuwa wameshindwa kutembea, wakiwa na wazee walioathirika na wasiojali kitu. Vikundi vya tai viliwafuata kutoka juu, hawa tai wakisubiri waathirika. ” Kulingana na kisio moja theluthi mbili za Wamaasai walikufa katika kipindi hiki.
Kuanzia mkataba wa mwaka 1904,  na kufuatiwa na mwingine wa mwaka 1911, ardhi ya Wamasai nchini Kenya ilipunguzwa kwa asilimia 60 wakati Waingereza walipowafukuza ili kutayarisha mashamba ya wakoloni, hatimaye kuwalazimu kuishi katika wilaya ya Kajiado na Narok.
Wamasai wa Tanzania walifukuzwa kutoka ardhi yenye rutuba kati ya Mlima Meru na Mlima Kilimanjaro, nyanda yenye rotuba iliyo karibu na Ngorongoro katika miaka ya 1940.  Ardhi zaidi ilichukuliwa kwa ajili ya hifadhi ya wanyamapori na hifadhi za taifaAmboseliHifadhi ya Kitaifa ya NairobiMasai MaraSamburuZiwa Nakuru, na Tsavo nchini Kenya; Manyara, Ngorongoro, Tarangire /http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/tarangire.htm na Serengeti huko Tanzania.
Wamasai ni wafugaji wanaopinga sisitizo la serikali za Tanzania na Kenya la kuishi maisha ya kisasa. Wao wanadai haki ya kulisha mifugo katika Hifadhi za Taifa katika nchi zote mbili.
Jamii ya Wamasai haikuwahi kukubali kamwe usafirishaji haramu wa binadamu, na wote waliotafuta watumwa walikuwa wakiwaepuka Wamasai. Pamoja na kusimama dhidi ya utumwa na waliishi pamoja na wanyama pori wengi huku wakikataa kula wanyama hao wala ndege. Hivyo sasa ardhi ya Wamasai ina Hifadhi za Wanyama pori zilizo bora kabisa kote Afrika Mashariki.
Kimsingi kuna sekta kumi na mbili za kabila la Wamasai, kila sekta ikiwa na desturi yake, muonekano, uongozi na lugha tofauti. Sekta hizi zinajulikana kama Keekonyokie, Daha Besdi, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani na Kaputiei.
Utamaduni
[Image: 320px-Maasai_Enkang_and_Hut.JPG]



Wamasai na vibanda na kizuizi cha Enkang Serengeti, 2006
Jamii ya Wamasai inafuata sana mfumo dume: katika desturi yao ni wanaume, pamoja na wazee wastaafu, wanaoamua mambo makubwa zaidi kwa kila kikundi cha Wamasai.
Sheria simulizi zinashughulikia masuala mengi ya desturi. Kunyongwa kisheria hakujulikani, na malipo ya kawaida kwa ng’ombe hutosheleza mambo. Kuna mbinu za kutatua migogoro nje ya mahakama kama ‘amitu’, inayomaanisha ‘kufanya amani‘, au ‘arop’, ambayo inahusisha kuomba msamaha wa dhati.
Wamasai humwabudu Mungu pekee, nao humwita Enkai au Engai. Engai ni Mungu mmoja mwenye asili mbili: Engai Narok (Mungu Mweusi) ana huruma, na Engai Nanyokie (Mungu Mwekundu) ana ghadhabu.
“Mlima wa Mungu”, Ol Doinyo Lengai, uko kaskazini mwa Tanzania. Binadamu mkuu katika mfumo wa dini ya Wamasai ni laibon ambaye anaweza kushiriki katika: uponyaji wa kidini, kuzungumza na Mungu na unabii, kuhakikisha mafanikio katika vita au mvua ya kutosha. Nguvu zozote alizokuwa nazo laibon zilikuwa zimetokana na utu au nafsi yake, bali si cheo chake. Wamasai wengi wamekuwa Wakristo, na kwa kiwango kidogo Waislamu.
Vifo vingi vya watoto wachanga miongoni mwa Wamasai vimesababisha watoto wengi kutotambuliwa mpaka kufikia umri wa miezi 3, ilapaitin. Kwa utamaduni, mwishoni mwa maisha yao Wamasai huzikwa bila sherehe na maiti wanaachwa nje waliwe na tumbusi  Maiti kukataliwa na tumbusi na fisi, wanaojulikana kama Ondili ama Oln’gojine, huonekana kuwa kitu kibaya, na kusababisha jamii ya mfu huyo kulaumiwa. Kwa hivyo haikuwa nadra kupata miili iliyopakwa mafuta na damu kutoka ng’ombe aliyechinjwa.  Mazishi ya zamani yalikuwa yametengwa kwa waheshimiwa wakubwa, kwani iliaminika kuwa mazishi yalidhuru udongo.
Maisha ya Wamasai inahusika sana na ng’ombe, ambao huwa msingi wa chakula cho. Kipimo cha mali ya mtu ni idadi ya mifugo na watoto alionao. Kuwa na ng’ombe 50 au zaidi kunaheshimika, na watoto zaidi ni bora. Mtu ambaye anao wengi upande mmoja lakini si upande wa pili anahesabiwa kama maskini.
Wamasai huamini kwamba Mungu aliwapa ng’ombe wote duniani, kwa hivyo kuchukua mifugo kutoka makabila mengine ni suala la kudai ni haki yao, lakini zoezi hili limepungua.
Makazi
[Image: 220px-Maasai_shelter.jpg]
Makazi kupakwa kinyesi cha ng’ombe ili kuzuia mvua isipenye

[Image: 220px-Ludzie06%28js%29.jpg]



Wamasai wanawake wakitengeneza nyumba Maasai Mara (1996)
Kihistoria Wamaasai ni watu wanaohamahama, kwa hivyo tangu jadi wamekuwa wakitumia vinavyopatikana kwa urahisi ili kujenga makazi yao. Nyumba zao za asili ziliundwa kwa ajili ya kuhama mara kwa mara, kwa hivyo hazikujengwa za kudumu.
Inkajijik (nyumba hizo) zina umbo la nyota au mviringo, na hujengwa na wanawake. kwa mbaomatawi madogo yaliyochanganywa na matope, vijiti, majanikinyesi cha ng’ombe na mkojo wa binadamu, na majivu. Mavi ya ng’ombe inahakikisha kuwa paa halivuji, na maji ya mvua yasiweze kupita.
Enkaji ni ndogo, kipimo cha mita 3×5 na kimo cha m 1.5 kwenda juu. Ndani ya nafasi hii familia hupika, hula, hulala, hupiga gumzo na huweka akiba ya chakula, mafuta na mali nyingine. Mifugo wadogo mara nyingi pia huwekwa ndani ya enkaji.
Vijiji huzungukwa na ua (Enkang) lililojengwa na wanaume kwa kutumia miiba ya acacia, mti wa kiasili. Usiku wote ng’ombembuzi na kondoo huwekwa katikati ya ua hilo, kuwalinda kutokana na wanyama pori.
Mpangilio wa jamii
Kitengo kati ya jamii ya Wamasai ni umri. Ingawa wavulana hutumwa nje na ndama na kondoo kuanzia utotoni, utoto kwa wavulana ni wakati wa kucheza, isipokuwa kuchapwa viboko kidesturi ili kuthibitisha ujasiri na uvumilivuWasichana huwajibika kwa kazi ndogondogo kama vile kupika na kukamua ng’ombe, ujuzi ambao wao hujifunza kutoka kwa mama zao kutoka umri mdogo.
Kila baada ya miaka 15 hivi, kizazi kipya cha Morans au Il-murran (wapiganaji) kitatahiriwa. Hii inahusisha wavulana wengi kati ya umri wa miaka 12 na 25, ambao wamebalehe na si wa kizazi kilichopita. Moja ya sherehe ya kupita ujana hadi upiganaji ni sherehe ya tohara, ambayo inafanywa bila dawa ya kugandisha misuli. Hii tohara hufanywa na wazee, ambao hutumia kisu chenye makali na kigozi cha ng’ombe kufunika jeraha. Neno la Kimasai kwa tohara ni ’emorata’. Kijana lazima avumilie operesheni akiwa kimya. Kuonyesha maumivu huleta aibu, angalau kwa muda. Maneno yoyote ya mshangao yanaweza kusababisha makosa katika operesheni hiyo nyeti, ambayo inaweza kuleta matatizo mengi, majeraha zaidi, na maumivu. Mchakato wa uponyaji utachukua miezi 3-4, wakati ambao kuna uchungu kwenda haja ndogo na wakati mwingine hata hauwezekani, na wavulana lazima wabaki katika nguo nyeusi kwa kipindi cha miezi 4-8.
[Image: 120px-Young_Maasai_Warrior.jpg]



Wamasai wadogo wakiwa na vilemba na michoro
Katika kipindi hiki, wavulana waliotahiriwa wataishi katika “manyatta”, yaani “kijiji” kilichojengwa na mama zao. Manyatta hizo hazina nyua za kulinda boma, ili kusisitiza jukumu lao la kulinda jamii. Hakuna ua la mifugo linalojengwa, kwa sababu wapiganaji hawana ng’ombe wala hawana jukumu la kufuga. Ibada za kifungu zaidi zinahitajika kabla ya kufikia hadhi ya mpiganaji mwandamizi, ikifikia upeo katika sherehe ya ‘eunoto’, yaani “ujio wa umri”.
[Image: 150px-Bandera_masai.svg.png]



Bendera ya Wamaasai
Wakati kizazi kipya cha mashujaa kinaanzishwa, waliokuwa ilmoran huendelea kuwa “wazee bila mamlaka“, ambao huwajibika kwa maamuzi ya kisiasa hadi wafanywe “wazee wenye mamlaka”.
Wapiganaji wana jukumu la usalama katika jamii, na hutumia muda wao mwingi wakizuru ardhi yao, pia hupita mipaka yao. Wao pia wanazidi kushiriki katika biashara ya mifugo kuliko awali, kuendeleza na kuboresha hisa za msingi kupitia biashara na kubadilisha bidhaa.
Wavulana wana wajibu wa kuwalinda mifugo wadogo. Katika msimu wa ukame, wote wapiganaji kwa wavulana huchukua jukumu la ufugaji. Wazee ni wakurugenzi na washauri wa shughuli za kila siku. Wanawake wana jukumu la ujenzi wa nyumba, na vilevile kuchota maji, kukusanya kuni, kukamua ng’ombe na kupikia familia.
[Image: 320px-Traditional_Maasai_Dance.jpg]



Ngoma ya kitamaduni ya Wamasai, Adumu
Hadithi moja kuhusu Wamasai ni kwamba kila kijana anatakiwa kuua simba kabla atahiriwe. Ingawa simba walikuwa wanawindwa zamani, na uwindaji huu umepigwa marufuku katika Afrika Mashariki, bado simba huwindwa wanapowaua mifugo, na vijana mashujaa wanaohusika katika mauaji hayo hupewa heshima kuu mjini. Kutokana na wasiwasi kuhusu idadi ya simba nchini, kuna mpango wa kulipa fidia wakati simba anapowaua mifugo, badala ya uwindaji na kuua simba.  Hata hivyo, kuua simba mmoja kuna thamani kubwa na heshima katika jamii.
Wasichana pia hutahiriwa (’emorata’) wanapobalehe na hupewa maelekezo na ushauri zinazohusiana na majukumu yao mapya, wanasemekana kuwa wamehitimu umri wa wanawake, tayari kuolewa. Ukeketaji nchini Kenya unatekelezwa kwa 38% ya wakazi. Namna ya kawaida ni clitorectomy. Tendo hili la tohara linaweza kusababisha kovu nene ngozini, ambalo linafanya vigumu kwenda haja ndogo, na hii pia umeleta utata.  FGC ni haramu nchini Kenya na Tanzania.
Tohara hizo ni kawaida kufanywa na ‘mtekelezaji’ ambaye mara nyingi si Mmasai, kwa kawaida hutoka kikundi cha Wandorobo. Visu vya tohara hutengenezwa na wafua-chuma, ‘il-kunono’, ambao huepukwa na Wamaasai kwa sababu ya kutengeneza silaha za kifo (visu, mapanga fupi (‘ol alem’), mikuki, n.k.). Sawa na wanaume vijana, wanawake ambao wamekeketewa huvaa nguo nyeusi, hujipaka rangi na alama kwenye nyuso, na kisha kufunika nyuso zao wanapokamilisha sherehe.
Kukata kwa sehemu ya uchi wa mwanamke huleta ukosoaji mwingi kutoka nje ya nchi zote mbili na wanawake wengi ambao wameupitia, kama vile Mmasai mwanaharakati Agnes Pareiyo. Ni hivi majuzi katika sehemu mbalimbali imebadilishwa na “kukatwa kwa maneno”, sherehe kuwashirikisha kuimba na kucheza katika nafasi ya ukeketaji. Hata hivyo, unabakia na thamani kwa utamaduni. Baadhi wanafikiria ni muhimu kwa sababu Wamasai wanaume wanaweza wakakataa mwanamke asiyetahiriwa, eti haoleweki, au sivyo mahari yake itapunguzwa.
Wanawake walioolewa wanapokuwa waja wazito huruhusiwa kutofanya kazi nzito kama kukamua ng’ombe na kukusanya kuni. Mahusiano ya kingono pia yanapigwa marufuku.
Wamasai huoa wake wengi; hii hutendwa ili kukabiliana na vifo vingi vya watoto wachanga na wapiganaji. Kuolewa na wanaume wengi pia kunakubaliwa: mwanamke huolewa si na mumewe tu, lakini umri mzima wa kikundi chake. Wanaume hutarajiwa kumpa mgeni wa rika yake kitanda na mwanamke. Mwanamke anaamua mwenyewe kama atajiunga na mtu huyo. Mtoto yeyote atakayezaliwa ni mtoto wa mume katika utaratibu wa Kimasai. “Kitala”, aina ya talaka au kukimbilia, inawezekana katika nyumba ya mke wa baba, kwa sababu ya kumdhulumu mke. Kurudisha mahari, ulinzi wa watoto, n.k. hukubaliwa baadaye.
Muziki na ngoma
Muziki wa kitamaduni wa Kimasai huwa na sauti kutoka kwaya ya waimbaji huku kiongozi wa nyimbo, ‘Olaranyani’, huimba kiitikio. Olaranyani kwa kawaida ni yule mwimbaji bora ambaye anaweza kuimba wimbo huo, ingawa watu kadhaa huweza kuongoza wimbo. Olaranyani huanza kwa kuimba mstari kichwa (namba) cha wimbo. Kikundi basi kitajibu kwa kukubali, na Olaranyani ataimba mistari huku kikundi kikiimba. Kila wimbo una namba maalum kulingana na kuita-na-kuitika. Mipangilio ya nyimbo ya kawaida huwa ya 5 / 4, 6 / 4 na 3 / 4 wakati saini. Maneno hufuata maudhui maalumu na hurudiwa mara nyingi baada ya muda. Kutingisha shingo huongozana na kuimba. Wakati wa kupumua kichwa huelekezwa mbele. Kichwa huelekezwa nyuma kwa ajili ya kuvuta pumzi. Kwa ujumla hii hueneza ratiba ya sauti zao.
Wanawake huimba nyimbo tulivu, na nyimbo za kuwasifu watoto wao. Namba, ule mfano wa wito-na-majibu, marudio ya misemo isiyokuwa na maana,  misemo ifuatayo kila mstari kwa kurudiwarudiwa, na waimbaji kukabiliana na mistari yao ni ishara ya kuimba kwa wanawake. Wakati wanawake wamasai wengi hukusanyika pamoja, wao huimba na kucheza kati yao wenyewe.
Wamasai hutumia sauti zao pekee wanapoimba, isipokuwa wanapotumia pembe la Greater Kudu kuwaalika Wamoran kwa sherehe ya Eunoto
Kuimba na kucheza wakati mwingine hufanyika katika manyatta, na kuhusisha kutaniana. Wavulana hupiga foleni na kuimba, “Oooooh-yah”, kwa kikohozi, pamoja na msukumo wa miili yao. Wasichana husimama mbele ya wanaume na kusokota miili huku wakiimba “Oiiiyo .. yo” katika kuwajibu wanaume. Ingawa miili yao hukaribiana, hawagusani.
[Image: 250px-Masaidance.jpg]



Ngoma ya Wamasai
Eunoto, sherehe ya kubalehe kwa mpiganaji, inaweza kuhusisha siku kumi au zaidi za kuimba, kucheza na ibada. Wapiganaji wa Il-Oodokilani hufanya aina ya mchezo inayoitwa adumu, au aigus, mara nyingine inajulikana kama “ngoma ya kuruka”. (adumu na aigus ni vitenzi vinavyomaanisha “kuruka” na adumu humaanisha “Kuruka juu na chini katika ngoma” Wapiganaji hujulikana vizuri, na mara nyingi hupigwa picha, katika ushindani huu wa kuruka. Wapiganaji huingia katika mviringo, na moja au wawili wataingia kati ya mviringo kuanza kuruka, bila kuacha visigino vyao kugusa ardhi. Wajumbe wa kikundi wanaweza kuongeza sauti zao kwa kuzingatia urefu wa wanavyoruka.
Washikaji wa Moran (‘intoyie’) hujitembeza katika nguo maridadi kuvutia wengi wao kama mmojawapo ya eunoto. Mama za Moran huimba na kucheza kuonyesha heshima kwa ujasiri wa watoto wao.
Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa kisasa, X Plastaz, kutoka kaskazini mwa Tanzania wamechanganya sauti na midundo ya Wamasai katika muziki wao.
Alama mwilini
[Image: 160px-Bodymodmassai.jpg]



Mmasai mzee na ndewe zilizonyoshwa
Kutoboa na kunyosha ndewe ni kawaida ya Wamasai. Vifaa mbalimbali hutumika kutoboa na kunyosha masikio, kama vile miiba kwa kutoboa, ukuti, mawe, msalaba sehemu ya jino la tembo n.k. Idadi ya Wamasai wanaofuata desturi hii, hasa wavulana, inazidi kupungua. Wanawake huvaa aina mbalimbali ya mapambo katika ndewe la sikio, na mapambo madogo juu ya sikio.
Kung’oa jino canine mapema utotoni ni zoezi ambalo limetiwa kumbukumbu katika Wamasai wa Kenya na Tanzania. Kuna imani kati ya Wamasai kuwa kuhara, kutapika na magonjwa mengine yanayowaathiri watoto husababishwa na kuvimba kwa mizizi ya meno, ambayo hufikiriwa kuwa na ‘minyoo’ au ‘meno ya karatasi’. Imani na mwenendo huu si wa kipekee kwa Wamasai. Vijijini Kenya katika kundi la watoto 95 wenye umri kati ya miezi sita na miaka miwili waliotahiniwa mwaka 1991/92, 87% walipatikana kuwa wameng’olewa jino moja au zaidi. Katika kundi la watoto wa umri wa miaka 3-7, 72% ya watoto walikuwa hawana meno ya kusiaga.
Maakuli
Kijadi, Wamasai hula nyama, maziwa na damu ya ng’ombe. Utafiti wa ILCA (Nestel 1989) unasema: “Leo hii, chakula kikuu cha Kimasai ni maziwa ya ng’ombe na unga wa mahindi. Wao huyanywa maziwa pekee au katika chai na unga wa mahindi hutumiwa kupika uji au ugali. Unga ulioshikamana unajulikana kama ugali na huliwa na maziwa; na hii inatofautiana na uji, ambayo hutayarishwa na hupikwa na maziwa. Nyama, ingawa ni chakula muhimu, huliwa kwa nadra, kwa hivyo haiwezi tambulika kama chakula kikuu. Mafuta ya nyama hutumika katika kupika, sanasana uji, mahindi na maharagweSiagi pia ni chakula muhimu cha watoto wachanga. Damu hunywewa kwa nadra.”
Utafiti wa International Livestock Centre for Africa (Bekure et al. 1991) unaonyesha mabadiliko makubwa sana katika mlo wa Kimasai kuelekea bidhaa zisizo za mifugo pamoja na mahindi kuwa asilimia 12-39 na sukari asilimia 8-13; na wastani wa lita moja ya maziwa hunywewa na kila mtu kwa siku.
Maziwa hayo hutumika sanasana kama maziwa lala au maziwa-siagi – maziwa yaliyochanganywa na siagi. Maziwa hutumika sana. Mahitaji ya protini huwa yametoshelezwa kikamilifu. Hata hivyo, ugavi wa chumaniasinivitamini Cvitamini Athiamine na nguvu haviwezi kupatikana kikamilifu kwa kunywa maziwa pekee. Kutokana na kubadilika kwa mazingira, hasa msimu wa ukame wa mara kwa mara, wafugaji wengi, pamoja na Wamasai, hutumia nafaka katika maakuli
Wamasai hufuga ng’ombe, mbuzi na kondoo, pamoja na kondoo mwekundu, vilevile ng’ombe waliothaminiwa zaidi.  Vipimo vya moyo vilitumiwa kwa wavulana Wamasai 400 na hakukuwa na ushahidi wowote wa ugonjwa wa moyo, upungufu au ulemavu. Utafiti zaidi ulionyesha kuwa wastani wa kiwango cha mafuta moyoni ulikuwa asilimia 50 za wastani wa Wamarekani. Matokeo haya yalithibitisha afya wa wamoran, ambayo ilitathminiwa kama “kiwango cha Olimpiki”.
Supu pengine ni mmojawapo ya matumizi muhimu zaidi ya mimea kwa chakula cha Wamasai. Acacia nilotica ni mmea wa supu unaotumika mara nyingi. Mzizi au shina huchemshwa katika maji na kutumiwa peke yake au huongezwa kwa supu. Wamasai hupenda kuichukua kama dawa, na inajulikana kuwafanya jasiri, wenye nguvu na washindani. Wamasai hunywa supu yenye gome na mizizi inayopungua mafuta moyoni; wale Wamasai mijini ambao hawana mimea hii hupatwa na maradhi ya moyo[54] Ingawa yanatumiwa kama vitafunio, matunda huwa sehemu kubwa ya chakula cha watoto na wanawake wanaochunga wanyama na pia moran jangwani.
Kuchanganya damu ya ng’ombe na maziwa inafanywa kuandaa kinywaji cha kitamaduni katika sherehe za pekee na pia kama chakula kwa wagonjwa[56] Hata hivyo, kuchanganya damu katika mlo unadidimia kutokana na kupunguka kwa idadi ya mifugo. Hivi majuzi, Wamasai wamekuwa wakitegemea vyakula kutoka maeneo mengine kama vile unga wa mahindi, mcheleviazikabichi (zinazojulikana na Wamasai kama majani ya mbuzi) n.k. Wamasai ambao wanaishi karibu na wakulima wameshughulikia kilimo kama msingi wa kujikimu. Katika maeneo haya, mashamba hayo hayawezi kudumisha idadi kubwa ya wanyama; hivyo Wamaasai hulazimika kulima.
Mavazi
[Image: 160px-MaasaiRuffs2.JPG]



Wamasai wanawake na ushanga, vipuli n.k.
Mavazi hutofautiana kadiri ya umri, jinsia, na mahali. Vijana wa kiume, kwa mfano, huvaa nguo nyeusi kwa miezi kadhaa inayofuata tohara. Hata hivyo, nyekundu ni rangi iliyopendelewa. Bluu, nyeusi na milia huvaliwa kama zilivyo miundo na rangi za Kiafrika. Wamasai walianza kubadilisha ngozi ya wanyama, ndama na kondoo ili kutumia nguo za pamba katika miaka ya 1960.
Shuka ni vitambaa vinavyozungushwa mwilini, juu ya kila bega, kisha ya tatu juu yao. Hizi kwa kawaida huwa nyekundu, ingawa kuna rangi nyingine (k.m. bluu). Rangi ya waridi, hata yenye maua, haidharauliwi na wapiganaji.  Mavazi yanayojulikana kama kanga hupatikana kwa urahisi.  Wamasai wanaoishi karibu na pwani huvaa kikoi, aina ya kitambaa inayopatikana katika rangi mbalimbali na nguo. Hata hivyo, mtindo uliopendelewa ni mistari.
Wamasai wengi huko Tanzania huvaa makubadhi, ambayo walikuwa mpaka hivi majuzi wakizitengeneza kutoka ngozi ya ng’ombe kulinda nyayo. Siku hizi hutumia gurudumu au plastiki kuyatengeneza. Wanaume na wanawake huvaa vikuku vya mbao. Wamasai wanawake mara kwa mara hufuma marembesho na mikufu ya shanga. Ushanga huu huwa sehemu muhimu ya urembesho wa miili yao. Ingawa kuna tofauti katika maana ya rangi ya shanga, baadhi ya maana kwa jumla ya rangi chache ni: nyeupe, amani; bluu, maji; nyekundu, mpiganaji / damu / shujaa.
Ushanga, unaofanywa na wanawake ina historia ndefu kati ya Wamasai, ambao hujitambulisha katika jamii kupitia mapambo ya mwili na uchoraji. Kabla ya kuwasiliana na Wazungu shanga zilikuwa zikitengenezwa kutoka vifaa vya kienyeji. Shanga nyeupe zilitengenezwa kutoka udongo, pembe, au mfupa. Shanga nyeusi na bluu zilitengenezwa kutoka chuma, makaa, mbegu, udongo, au pembe. Shanga nyekundu zilitengenezwa kutoka mbegu, mbao, maburu, mifupa, pembe, shaba, au chuma. Katika karne ya 19, shanga nyingi zenye rangi mbalimbali zilifika Afrika Mashariki kutoka Ulaya, zikabadilishwa na shanga za jadi na kutumiwa kutengeneza mipangilio bora ya rangi. Hivi sasa, shanga za kioo, bila urembesho hupendelewa.
Nywele

Kunyoa kichwa ni kawaida katika sherehe za kubalehe, kuwakilisha mwanzo mpya kutoka sura moja ya maisha hadi nyingine.  Wapiganaji tu wanaruhusiwa kuwa na nywele ndefu, ambayo huifuma katika nyuzi ndogondogo.
Anapofikisha umri wa miezi 3, mtoto hupewa jina na kichwa hunyolewa safi, isipokuwa kifurushi cha nywele, kinachofanana na kilema cha jogoo kutoka shingo hadi paji la uso.  Ufananishi huu na jogoo humaanisha “hali ya neema” wanayopewa watoto wachanga.  Mwanamke aliyepoteza mtoto awali alipokuwa akijifungua ataweka kifurushi hiki cha nywele mbele au nyuma ya kichwa, kutegemea kama alipoteza mvulana au msichana.
Siku mbili kabla ya wavulana kutahiriwa, vichwa vyao hunyolewa. Kisha vijana mashujaa huruhusu nywele zao kukua, na hutumia wakati mwingi wakisuka nywele. Nywele hizo hupakwa mafuta ya wanyama na mchanga mwekundu, na huhasimiwa juu ya kichwa kwa kipimo cha masikio. Nywele kisha husukwa: inagawanyishwa katika sehemu ndogo na kusongwa kwanza ikiwa imetenganishwa, halafu ikiwa imeunganishwa. Pamba au nyuzi za sufu zinaweza kutumiwa kurefusha nywele. Nywele zilizosukwa huweza zikaachwa zimelegea au zikafungwa pamoja kwa ngozi.  Wakati wapiganaji kwenda kupitia Eunoto, na kuwa wazee, nywele zao ndefu zilizosukwa hunyolewa.
Vilevile wanaume hunyoa nywele wanapopita kifungu kimoja cha maisha hadi kingine, Bibiarusi pia atanyolewa kichwa chake, na kondoo wawili dume watachinjwa kuzingatia sherehe hiyo.
Ushawishi wa dunia ya kisasa
Sera za serikali, kama vile hifadhi na utunzaji wa akiba, na kutengwa kwa Wamasai, pamoja na kuongeza idadi, n.k. zimefanya vigumu kudumisha maisha ya Wamasai.
Katika kuongezeka kwa umaskini na uhamiaji, mamlaka ya wazee wa jadi wa Kimasai inaonekana kudidimia.
Kwa muda, miradi mingi imeanza kusaidia viongozi wa Kimasai kutafuta njia za kuhifadhi mila zao na pia kusawazisha mahitaji ya elimu ya watoto wao kwa dunia ya kisasa. Njia za ajira zinazojitokeza miongoni mwa Wamasai ni kilimo, biashara (kuuza dawa za jadi, biashara ya mikahawa / maduka, kununua na kuuza madini, kuuza bidhaa za maziwa na wanawake, nyuzi), na mshahara wa ajira (kama walinzi wa usalama / wapishi, kuongoza watalii), na wengine ambao wanahusika katika sekta mbalimbali.
Wamasai wengi wameacha maisha ya wahamaji na kupata nafasi za kuwajibika katika biashara na serikali. Hata hivyo, licha ya maisha ya kisasa wanayoishi mjini, wengi hurudi nyumbani na nguo za kisasa, na hutoka kwenye familia yao wakiwa wamevalia shuka la kitamaduni (kitambaa cha rangi nyingi), patipati za ngozi ya ng’ombe, na fimbo ya mbao (‘o-rinka’) – wakihisi huru kwa wenyewe na dunia.

Print this item

  KCSE- KISWAHILI – NUKUU ZA SOMO KIDATO CHA 1- (KENYA)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-24-2021, 07:42 PM - Forum: Nukuu - No Replies


.pdf   KCSE- KISWAHILI – NUKUU ZA SOMO KIDATO CHA 1- (KENYA).pdf (Size: 159.29 KB / Downloads: 7)

Print this item

  MAJINA YA KIPARE NA MAANA ZAKE
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-24-2021, 08:54 AM - Forum: Historia ya makabila ya kibantu - No Replies

Wapare kama walivyo Wanyakyusa hutumia majina yenye maana mbalimbali na kwa kiasi kikubwa huwa yanamrejelea Mungu. Baadhi ya majina hayo ni:
1.     ELIETI                      – MUNGU ANASEMA
2.     ELIETINIZE          – MUNGU ANASEMA NIJE
3.     ELITWAZA – MUNGU TUMEKUJA
4.     ELINAZA    – MUNGU NIMEKUJA
5.     ELITUWAHA  – MUNGU TUKO HAPA
6.     ELIMVONEIA    – MUNGU NIHURUMIE
7.     ELIENIGHENJA – MUNGU ANANISAIDIA
8.     ELIENITUJA – MUNGU AMENIFARIJI
9.     ELIATULIZA – MUNGU ANATULIZA
10.  ELINAFIKA – MUNGU NIMEFIKA
11.   ELIESIKIA – MUNGU ANASIKI/ANATUJALI
12.   NAMINAZI/ZA   – NAMI NIMEKUJA
13.   NAGHENJWA – NIMESAIDIWA
14.   NAMKUNDA – NIMEMPENDA (MUNGU)
15.  TWAZIHIRWA    – TUMEFURAHI
16.   NIARIRA            – NATARAJIA
17.  NIMZIHIRWA       – NAMFURAHIA (MUNGU)
18.  NIGHENJIJWA  – NILISAIDIWA (NA MUNGU)
19. NIMGURAELI       – NAMSHIKA MUNGU
20. GURACHEDI        – SHIKA CHEMA
21.  NAVONEIWA       – NIMEHURUMIWA
22.  NIMSEMBA      – NAMBEMBELEZA (MUNGU)
23.  NIVONEIA – NIHURUMIE
24.  NIMUINDAELI – NAMSUBIRI MUNGU
25.  NAZAHEDI       – NIMEKUJA PAZURI
26. TWAMZIA – TUMEMJIA (MUNGU)
27. KUNDAELI    – MPENDE MUNGU
28.  NARISHWA   – NACHUNGWA (NA MUNGU)
29.  NARISHWAHEDI   – NACHUNGWA PAZURI
30.  NAANJELA       – NAABUDU
31.  NIMUINDAELI     – NAMSUBIRI MUNGU
32.  NAFIKAHEDI      – NIMEFIKA PAZURI
33.  MBONEA              – HURUMA
34. YONAZA                – LEO NIMEKUJA
35.  NAMSHITU      – MSITU (Linahusishwa na msitu)
Yapo majina ya kipare yenye kuashiria misimu mbalimbali ya majira ya mwaka kama vile:
36.    NAVURI –  (Aliyezaliwa msimu wa vuli)
37.    NAISHIKA      – (Alizaliwa masika)
38. NAMBUA – (Alizaliwa msimu wa mvua, kwa mwanamke)
39.    SEMBUA     – (Alizaliwa kipindi cha mvua, mwanaume)
40.     NAMSI           – (Alizaliwa mchana)
41.     NAKIO            – (Alizaliwa usiku)
42.     NANZA          – (Alizaliwa kipindi cha njaa)
Wapare pia hutumia majina ya wanyama kama walivyo Wangoni ingawa majina yao hayako wazi kama ya Wangoni. mf
43.  NANKUKU            – KUKU
44.  MTHETHE            – MTETEA
45.   NGUVE                 – NGURUWE
46.   MASHUVE           – MANYANI
47.  KADEGHE            – KINDEGE
48.  KAGOSWE           – KAPANYA
49.  NKURUVI            – JOGOO
50. KATHUNI             – KASWALA

Print this item

  FOMATI KIDATO CHA PILI
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 04:08 PM - Forum: Fomati - No Replies


.pdf   FTNA_FORMAT_2022.pdf (Size: 2.24 MB / Downloads: 1)

Print this item

  FOMATI KIDATO CHA VI (2019)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 04:05 PM - Forum: Fomati - No Replies


.pdf   ExamFormatACSEE2019.pdf (Size: 1.8 MB / Downloads: 2)

Print this item

  FOMATI KIDATO CHA IV (2019)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 03:57 PM - Forum: Fomati - No Replies


.pdf   csee_format_2019_final_web.pdf (Size: 2.46 MB / Downloads: 13)

Print this item

  021_KISWAHILIFTNA2020 (KIDATO CHA PILI)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 12:58 PM - Forum: Tathmini ya watahini - No Replies


.pdf   021_KISWAHILIFTNA2020.pdf (Size: 4.83 MB / Downloads: 12)

Print this item

  021_KISWAHILI2020 (KIDATO CHA NNE)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 12:35 PM - Forum: Tathmini ya watahini - No Replies


.pdf   021_KISWAHILI2020.pdf (Size: 2.39 MB / Downloads: 15)

Print this item

  121_KISWAHILI2019 (KIDATO CHA SITA)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 12:23 PM - Forum: Tathmini ya watahini - No Replies


.pdf   121_KISWAHILI2019.pdf (Size: 24.89 MB / Downloads: 11)

Print this item

  121_KISWAHILI2018 (KIDATO CHA SITA)
Posted by: MwlMaeda - 06-23-2021, 12:21 PM - Forum: Tathmini ya watahini - No Replies


.pdf   121_KISWAHILI2018.pdf (Size: 25.94 MB / Downloads: 2)

Print this item