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Kutoka Ukerewe hadi Iramba: Historia, Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu

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Kutoka Ukerewe hadi Iramba: Historia, Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu
#1
Uleyleani! Wajuzi wa hiyo salamu tayari wamekwisha kujibu “izaa uduu”.
Katika siku zilizopita tumekuwa na mfululizo wa makala mbalimbali yanayotupa fursa kujua kuhusu Historia, Maisha na Tabia za makabila mbalimbali hususani huku kwetu katika mikoa ya Manyara, Singida, Arusha na Shinyanga pamoja na mikoa jirani na hii. Tuliweza kuangazia utamaduni wa Wairaqw na Wadatoga na leo tutamulika kuhusu Wanyiramba na Wanyisanza wanaopatikana katika wilaya ya Iramba (Sasa ni Iramba na Mkalama) mkoani Singida…..Kanyaga twende…
Kama zilivyo kwa jamii zingine za kibantu barani Afrika ambao walihamia Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika wakitokea Afrika Maghariki hususani nchi za Kameruni, Naijeria na Ghana wakipita misitu ya Kongo, Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu walikuwa katika kundi mojawapo lililoelekea mashariki hadi maeneo ya Ziwa Nyanza (Victoria) hadi katika kisiwa cha Ukerewe kilichopo katika ziwa hilo kubwa zaidi barani Afrika. Japo haijulikani sababu hasa, kundi moja liliondoka kutoka katika kisiwa cha Ukerewe hadi Kisiwa cha Uzinza na kutoka hapo wakahama hadi maeneo ya Tabora ambako waligawanyiaka kundi moja likielekea kusini na inasemekana ndio waliokuja kuwa Wagogo na Wanyaturu huku kundi lingine likiendelea kuelekea Mashariki kupitia mlima Sekenke hadi Kisiriri.
Walipoanza kuitwa Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu/Waihanzu

Wakaishi hapo Kisiriri kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kutokea ukame mkubwa sana uliosababisha njaa katika eneo hilo. Ili kukabiliana na tatizo hilo la njaa, watu hao walitumia mboa za majani za mlenda uliokaushwa zijulikanazo kama “ndalu” kama chakula kikuu. Kutokana na kula “ndalu” kwa mtindo wa kulamba, watu wa makabila mengine ya kibantu walivyowaona wakawaita “wenye kulamba” na baadaye likabadilika hadi kuwa “wenyilamba” hadi “Wanyiramba”.
Ikumbukwe kuwa hadi hapo Wanyisanzu na Wanyiramba walikuwa kabila moja na wote walifahamika kama Wanyiramba baada ya njaa hiyo.
Wanyisanzu/Waihanzu wahamia pori la Mkalama
Kundi moja likaamua kuondoka hapo Kisiriri hadi pori la Mkalama wakiwa na mifugo yao na familia zao na walipofika katika pori hilo ili kujilinda na wanyama wakali wakajenga nyumba na kuzungushia maboma ya miba maarufu kama “masanzu/mahanzu”. Baadaye baadhi ya Wanyiramba waliobaki Kisiriri nao waliamua kuondoka hapo na walipofika Mkalama wakawakuta wenzao wamezungushia nyumba zao kwa Maboma ya “masanzu/mahanzu”  ndipo walipoanza kuwaita hawa ni wanyisanzu au waihanzu.
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu japo wanahistoria inayofanana na kwa mtu mgeni anaweza kudhani kuwa hakuna tofauti baina yao, lakini ukweli ni kuwa kuna tofauti kubwa sana baina yao.
Koo zao na Wanapopatikana 
 
Wanyiramba
 
Hizi ni koo tano za Wanyiramba na wanapopatikana
  • Kinampanda: Wanaishi sehemu za milimani hasa huko Kinampanda
  • Anagimbu:     Wapo Iramba Mashariki
  • Waiambi/waiyambi: Wanaishi Nkungi na Iambi
  • Anishai: Wanapatikana Kinandili na
  • Akimbu: Hawa wapo mpakani mwa Iramba na Tabora
Kwa upande wa Wanyisanzu, wao wana Koo nne tu
  • Mnyakilumi: Wapo maeneo ya Kilumi/Kirumi
  • Mnyatumbili: Wanaishi Ikolo
  • Mnyadintima: Hawa wanapatikana Mwangeza na
  • Mnyasoha: Waishio Mkalama
Ndugu msomaji wa Ohayoda, yapo mengi sana usiyoyafahamu kuhusu makabila haya mawili yenye historia inayofanana na japo wanaishi pamoja na watu wengi kudhani ni kabila moja, wanatofauti kubwa sana hasa za tabia na mambo mengine kedekede. Katika Makala zijazo tutakujuza mengi hasa Lugha, Mofolojia/miili (Morphology), mavazi, tabia, miiko, matambiko, umiliki wa mali na chakula.

Usikose kufuatilia makala hii na zingine kuhusu mambo ya Utamaduni kila siku za Jumanne, Alhamisi na Jumamosi hapa hapa katika libeneke boooooora zaidi linalokujuza  habari kemkem hasa za jamii halisi za Kitanganyika.
Kama una maoni, maswali au ushauri usisite kuwasiliana nasi au kuacha maoni yako hapo chini nasi tutayafanyika kazi ili kuboresha jamvi letu hili liwe na manufaa kwa wote.
Songela saana!
Mu hali gani wanaOhayoda popote mlipo duniani, leo nipo Kidarafa kijiji kilichopo katika wilaya ya Iramba (sasa Mkalama nadhani) kipo kilometa takriban 10 kutoka Haydom. Kidarafa kunanikumbusha mbali sana, kuna mlima maarufu sana unaitwa “Mlima wa Msalaba”, mlima ambao unajiwe refu juu yake na juu ya hilo jiwe kuna msalaba umewekwa. Sijui haswa historia ya huo msalaba na nani aliuweka na kwa nini, lakini Kidarafa inabaki kuwa sehemu muhimu ya maisha yangu ya utotoni. Hapo pia ndipo nilipoweza kufahamiana na kuishi na Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu na wengi nilisoma nao nilipokuwa Shule ya Msingi Endaharghadatk.
 
Tuachane na hizo “story” za utotoni tutazipiga siku nyingine, kama kawa kama dawa, leo tunaendeleza tulipoishia juzi (Alhamisi) kuhusu Historia na Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu, makala iliyopita tulipitia Historia yao na Koo mbalimbali na sehemu koo hizo zinakopatikana…ungana nami tuwafahamu hawa rafiki zangu ninapoandika makala hii kutoka Kidarafa pembeni ya “kata upepo”
SURA
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wengi wana;
  • meno mekundu na mafupi (uwekundu kutokana na maji yenye flourine nyingi maeneo mengi ya Iramba)
  • Nywele ngumu za kipilipili
  • Uso wenye aibu na macho yasiyopenda kukabiliana na macho ya mtu mwingine
LUGHA
kama tulivyosema awali Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wote ni wabantu na lugha zao zimefanana kwa sehemu kubwa. Kwa mfano neno “twende” Wanyiramba husema “kweini” na Wanyisanzu husema “kweni”, Na MAJI Wanyiramba hutamka “Maazi” huku Wanyisanzu wakisema “Mazi”
Aidha zipo herufi za alfabeti za Kiswahili ambazo hazipo katika lugha hizi zote mbili. Mfano herufi “F”, “V” na “SH” hivyo maneno yenye hizo herufi hutamkwa kama ifuatavyo
Fimbo hutamkwa Pimbo
Ofisi wao husema Opisi
Viatu kwao ni Biatu
Ushanga wanasema Uchanga
 TABIA
Hapa ndipo tofauti kubwa ilipo baina ya Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu. Na moja ya tofauti kubwa ni kuwa Wanyisanzu ni moja ya jamii chache za Tanzania ambapo mwanamke ananguvu kuliko mwanaume (Matrilinier society) na mambo mengine kadha wa kadha
Wanyiramba
Wanyisanzu
Wanasalimia kwa sauti ya upole
Wanasalimia kwa sauti ya Ukali
Wanaetoa maelezo ya jambo hadi kieleweke (ni walimu wazuri na wavumilivu)
Hutumia lugha ya ukali kuelekeza jambo na ni kama wanatoa maagizo
Hutumia lugha ya kuomba na unyenyekevu
Hawajui kuomba na hutumia amri
Ni wakweli na hawajui kuficha siri
Ni wasiri sana na hii hupelekea kutokuwa wakweli
Hawapendi vita wala shari na watu wengine
Wanapenda sana ugomvi
Mwanaume ana madaraka ya mwisho katika familia
Mwanamke ndiye mwenye mamlaka ya mwisho katika familia

MIIKO 
Kuna miiko mbalimbali katika jamii za kinyiramba na Kinyisanzu, hizi ni baadhi tu ya miiko yao japo mengi hayapo tena siku hizi za dot com
  • Huruhusiwi kuonana na mkwe wako hadi baada ya kuzaa watoto wawili na unapoenda huko ukweni maandalizi maalum ya kimila hufanyika.
  • Kama jamii nyingine za Kiafrika, msichana kuzaa nje ya ndoa ni mwiko
  • Kwa waliooa au kuolewa, ni mwiko kuoga mtoni hasa kwa wanawake
  • Wanaume waliooa hawaruhusiwi kuambatana (kuwa na kampani moja) na vijana (mabachela)
  • Kwenye chakula, kuna miiko kadha wa kadha. Mfano wanawake wajawazito hawaruhusiwi kula mayai, watoto katu hawagusi utumbo na vijana hawali bandama.
MYTH (Imani za “Kufikirika”)
Kuna wanyama huwa wanamikosi, kama ukiona paka wanajamiiana utaona au utasikia habari mbaya inayokuhusu, na kama kinyonga au mbweha akikatiza mbele yako wanaamini utasikia habari za kifo au ugonjwa wa ndugu yako
Mpenzi msomaji, naamini leo umepata machache ambayo ulikuwa huyajui kuhusu hawa ndugu zetu ambao wanapatikana katika Mkoa wa Singida hususani wilaya ya Iramba. Bado kuna mengi ya kujuzana kuhusu wao na jamii zingine za huku kwetu, hayo na mengine mengi yanakujia hapa hapa Ohayoda. Mpaka Jumanne ijayo ila usiache kusoma Ohayoda ujue mengi usiyoyajua
Songela Zig Zig

Na Amani Paul, Mwangeza
Kama tulivyoona katika makala mbili za awali kuhusu Historia, Maisha na Tabia za Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu, leo tunaendelea na sehemu nyingine ambayo tutaangazia Mavazi na matambiko katika jamii hizi ambazo zinapatikana huku kwetu. Yapo mengi ya kujifunza na ambayo sisi tunajivunia kuwa na utajiri mkubwa wa utamaduni.
 
MAVAZI NA MAPAMBO
 
  • Kabla ya wakoloni kuja, wanyiramba na wanyisanzu walivaa mavazi ya ngozi za wanyama ambapo wanaume walivaa kama lubega na wanawake kujifunga kiunoni na sehemu ya mbele hufungwa shanga nyingi zilizoshonwa kwa ustadi ili kuficha utupu. Ngozi hizo hushonwa kwa uzi wa miti ya mwandu au migumo, ngozi ya mbuzi ilitosha vazi la mtu mzima.
  • Katika kujipamba husuka nywele nyuzi ndogondogo na kuweka shanga, kutoga masikio juu na chini na kuweka mpini na kisha kuninginiza ushanga
  • Kuweka chale usoni alama ya mshale au alama ya =
  • Wanachonga meno ya juu alama ya V inayoelekea chini
  • Wanavaa shanga shingoni, kiunoni, mikononi na miguuni.
  • Kwa viatu walikuwa wanatumia ngozi ya ng’ombe dume hasa sehemu ya chini ya shingo maarufu kama dagala
  • Wanaume hutembea na fimbo, upinde, mkuki, visu na sime
MATAMBIKO
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanathamini sana matambiko. Kuna matambiko ya mtu binafsi, familia, ukoo au jamii nzima. Kwa ajili ya matambiko, hutumia ngæombe mweusi aliyezaliwa usiku, mbuzi mweupe, kondoo mweusi, pombe na hori
Matambiko haya hufanyika kwenye mapango na makaburi na huwa kuna maeneo maalum ya kufanyia matambiko hasa kule Mwandu kwa Wanyiramba na kwa Wanyisanzu hufanyia matambiko yao kule Kirumi.
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu ni watumiaji wazuri w tumbaku hasa ugoro.
Pamoja na hayo niliyoyaeleza hapo juu, Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wamepoteza utamaduni wao kwa kiasi kikubwa sana hasa kutokana na mabadiliko ya maisha. Mambo mengi yamebadilika mfano
  • Lugha ya Kiswahili kuzimeza Kinyiramba na Kinyisanzu
  • Dini (Ukristo na Uislamu) umefanya mambo ya matamiko yatoweke
  • Miiko mbalimbali imepuuzwa na kupingwa
UMILIKI WA MALI 
Ikumbukwe kuwa pamoja na kuwa Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanahistoria inayofanana na tamaduni zao ni karibu sawa, lakini wanyisanzu wanautofauti pengine tofauti hii inawafanya wawe wa pekee zaidi yaani wanawake wananguvu zaidi ya wanaume (Matrilinear society). Kuna mali zinazomilikiwa na wanaume, wanawake, ukoo na jamii nzima.
  1. Mali zinazomilikiwa na Wanaume : Mifugo yote, mazao yote, zana za vita, mashamba na ardhi, watoto na kupokea mahari
  2. Mali zinazomilikiwa na wanawake: Vyombo vyote vya mapishi na vifaa vya kutayarisha mapishi na vyakula vyote vilivyopikwa
  3. Mali inayomilikiwa na Ukoo: Matambiko, ndoa, mirathi na usuluhishi wa migogoro
  4. Mali inayomilikiwa na jamii: Miti na maeneo ya matambiko na vyanzo vya maji
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wanasema kuwa “uzao ni kwa baba lakini ukoo ni kwa mama” wakimaanisha kuwa mwanaume anapooa ni sharti ahamie na kuishi kwa wake zake. Wakwe hawa wanawajibika kuwatunza pamoja na watoto wao kwa kuwapa chakula, shamba la kulima lakini hana haki na mapato yatokanayo na shamba hilo na kujengewa nyumba. Mwanaume huyo anapofariki urithi huenda kwa mjomba wake.
Siku hizi hali hii imebadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa na wanaume hawataki kwenda kuishi kwa wakwe ili kuondokana na dhana ya kuwa “ameolewa”
USHIRIKIANO NA JAMII NYINGINE
Wanyiramba na Wanyisanzu wamepakana na Wanyaturu kwa kusini, wasukuma upande wa magharibi, wahadzabe upande wa kaskazini na kwa upande wa mashariki wanapakana na Wairaqw na Wadatooga, ambao wamekuwa wakishirikiana katika nyanja mbalimbali kama ifuatavyo;
WANACHOPATA KUTOKA KWA
WANACHOTOA KWA
1. Wairaqw: Chakula, punda na ng’ombe
1. Wairaqw: Mtama, mikuki, visu, tumbaku na ushanga na vibarua (wafanyakazi)
2. Wanyaturu: Watumwa (atugwa) kama malipo ya uganga wa mvua
2. Wanyaturu: Mtama, mikuki, visu, tumbaku na uganga wa mvua
3. Wahdzabe: Asali, Nyama, madawa ya asili na kuoleana
3. Wahadzabe: mtama, ushanga, tumbaku na kuoleana
4. Wasukuma: ng’ombe, uganga na kuoleana
4, Wasukuma: Ardhi, kibarua (nguvu kazi) na kuoleana
5. Wadatooga: mafuta, maziwa, ng’ombe na punda
5. Wadatooga: Tumbaku, ardhi na vibarua

Mpenzi msomaji, ninaamini umeweza kujua kwa kiasi kikubwa kuhusu ndugu zetu hawa na yumkini ungependa kujua zaidi, kama una uswali, ushauri au maoni usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Nasi tutayafanyia kazi maoni yako au tutayajibu maswali yako hasa yanayohusu tamaduni za jamii mbalimbali.
Wasiliana nasi kwa kuacha maoni yako hapa chini au tuandikie barua pepe kupitia amanipaulit@gmail.com au nipigie kwa 0784238225!
Nikuache na utani wa huku Iramba kuwa “Iramba mukulu Tanzania kanino”
Mwl Maeda
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