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UAINISHAJI WA TANZU ZA FASIHI SIMULIZI KWA MUJIBU WA WATAALAM MBALIMBALI

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UAINISHAJI WA TANZU ZA FASIHI SIMULIZI KWA MUJIBU WA WATAALAM MBALIMBALI
#1
Maana:
Fasihi Simulizi ni nini?
Wataalamu mbalimbali wametoa maoni yao kuhusu maana ya FS. Miongoni mwao ni Finnegan (1970), Matteru 1979), Balisidya (1983), Okpewho (1992) na wengineowengi.
Ili kuweza kubaini maana ya FS ni vema kudurusu fasili zilizotolewa na wataalamu hawa. Lengo hasa ni kutaka kufahamu ubora na udhaifu wa fasili zao, hatimaye tuweze kuunda fasili muafaka zaidi kuhusu maana ya FS. *. F.S yaweza kuelezwa kwamba, hutegemea msaniiambaye huiumba kwa maneno katika tukio maalum (Finnegan, 1970) . Ni fasihi inayotegemea mdomo ktk kutolewa na kuenezwa kwake… (M.L.Matteru, 1979) .
Ni aina ya fasihi ambayo hutumia mdomo katika kuumbwa, kuwasilishwa na kusambazwa kwa waasikilizaji na watumiaji waake (Balisidya, 1983) *. F.S humaanisha fasihi itolewayo kwa neno la mdomo… (Okpewho, 1992) *. F.S ni kazi ya sanaa inayotumia lugha kazi hii ya sanaa huhifadhiwa kwa kichwa na kusambazwa kwa njia ya masimulizi ya mdomo… (M.Msokile, 1992) *. Ni fasihi inayotungwa au kubuniwa kichwani na kuwasilishwa kwa hadhira kwa njia mdomo na vitendobila kutumia maandishi (Mulokozi, 1996) *. Neno F.S linamaanisha hadithi za jadi, nyimbo, mashairi, vitendawili na methali ambavyo hutolewa kwa neno la mdomo (Bukenya na Wenzake, 1997) *. Sanaa hii iitwayo Fasihi, inaweza kuhifadhiwa kwa njia kuu mbili: kwa njia ya mdomo na kimaandishi. Ainaya kwanza, ambayo tunajihusisha nayo katika sehemu ya kwanza inajulikana kama F.S (Wamitila, 2003).
Fasili hizi hazigusii lolote kuhusu matumizi ya nyenzo za sayansi na teknolojia katika kubuni, kutongoa na kuhifadhi sanaa husika. Nyenzo kama vile, Radio, Video, DVD, VCD, Televisheni, Kompyuta na Wavuti….. kwa sasa zinatumika katika kutolea na kurekodia tanzu za F.S kamavile hadithi……
Katika F.S fanani na hadhira huwapo ana kwa ana: dhana ya kuwapo ana kwa ana pia inahitaji mjadala(uwezekano wa kuwa na ainambalimbali za hadhira)
UAINISHAJI WA TANZU ZA FASIHI SIMULIZI Utata umekuwa ukijitokeza katika uanishaji na ugawaji wa tanzu na vipera vya FS. Utata huu unatokea kutokana na kutofautiana kwa vigezo vinavyotumiwa na wataalamu mbalimbali katika ugawaji huu, kwani kila mtaalamu hutumia vigezovyake kulingana na matakwa ama mtazamo wake.
Hebu sasa tuwatazame baadhi ya wataalamu ambao wameainisha tanzu za FS, tukiangalia pia udhaifu na ubora wa vigezo walivyotumia.
A M .L. BALISIDYA (MATTERU) (1987) Anagawanya FS katika tanzu tatu ambazo ni NATHARI, USHAIRI na SEMI. Katika kila utanzu kuna vipera vyake mbavyo navyo vina vijipera pia. Uainishaji wake ni kama ifuatavyo:
(1) NATHARI A. Ngano · Istiara · Hekaya · Kwanini na kwa namna gani · kharafa B. Tarihi · Kumbukumbu · Shajara · Hadithi za historia · epiki C. Visasili · Kumbukumbu · Tenzi · Kwanini na kwa namna gani
(2) USHAIRI A. Nyimbo v Tahlili v Bembea v Tumbuizo v Ngoma v Mwiga v Watoto v kwaya B. Maghani v Majigambo v Vijighani v Shajara v tenzi
(3) SEMI    A. Vitendawili, Kitendawili,Misimu, mafumbo
B. Methali, Msemo,  nahau
C. Misimu , Utani .Masaguo , soga.
Upungufu wa uainishaji huu Katika uainishaji wake, baadhi ya tanzu hazionekaniama tunaweza kusema zimeachwa kabisa. Mfano visakale, ngomezi, Balisidya anauweka utenzi kuwa ni kipera cha visasili katika kundi la nathari. Hapa anaibua mjadala kwani kama tujuavyo kuwa utenzi katika FS huhusisha uimbaji pia. Hivyo swali la kujiuliza ni je utenzi ni nathari? Vilevile kuna kuingiliana kwa tanzu. Mfano kumbukumbu nakwanini na kwa namna gani ni tanzu ambazo zinajitokezakatika kundi zaidi ya moja.
M. M MULOKOZI (1989) Kwa upande wake Mulokozi anaainisha tanzu za FS katika makundi sita ambayo ni MAZUNGUMZO, MASIMULIZI, MAIGIZO, USHAIRI, SEMI, na NGOMEZI.
(1) MAZUNGUMZO – Hotuba, Malumbano ya watani, Ulumbi, Soga na mawaidha
(2) MASIMULIZI a) Hadithi – Ngano (Istiara, Mbazi, Kisa) b) Salua – kisakale, mapisi, tarihi,   kumbukumbu, kisasili
(3) MAIGIZO (tanzu zake hutegemea na shabaha na miktadha)
(4) USHAIRI a) Nyimbo · Tumbuizo · Bembea · Za dini · Wawe · Tenzi · Tendi · Mbolezi · Kimai · Nyiso · Za vita · Za taifa · Za watoto · Za kazi
(b) Maghani (ya kawaida, ya sifo- kivugo na tondozi) Ghani masimulizi – rara, ngano, sifo, tendi
(5) SEMI – methali, vitendawili, misimu, mafumbo, lakabu
(6) NGOMEZI – Za taarifa – Za tahadhali – Za mahusiano k.m mapenzi
Kwa upande wake Okpewho anaeleza kuwa uainishaji wa hadithi/ngano ni tatizo la muda mrefu. Hata hivyo anaeleza kuwa kuna vigezo/njia nne mpaka sasa ambazo zimetumiwa kuainisha hadithi/ngano.
Kwanza , kigezo cha unguli(protagonist of the tale), katika kigezo hiki kunajitokeza ngano zihusuzo wanadamu, ngano za wanyama, ngano za vichimbakazi, na ngano za miungu. Hata hivyo kigezo hiki kinaonyesha kuwa na matatizo.
Mwl Maeda
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