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Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi

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Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi
#1
Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi
Aa
alijebra ji algebra: hesabu zinazotumia tarakimu na herufi.
alikoholi ji alcohol: kioevu safi kisicho na rangi kwenye vinywaji visivyolevya. Mfano: bia, mvinyo, n.k., ambavyo hutokana na mkeneko wa matunda, mboga, n.k.
anatomia ji anatomy: elimu ya muundo wa seli na viungo mbalimbali katika miili ya viumbe.
antiseptiki ji antiseptic: aina ya kemikali inayozuia kukua kwa bakteria kwenye jeraha, ngozi, n.k., sabuni za kaboli.
atomu ji atom: sehemu ndogo kuliko zote ya elementi ambayo bado inaonyesha tabia za kikemikali za elementi hiyo.
Bb
badiliko kikemikali ji chemical change: badiliko linalotokea katika dutu kwa kubadilisha muundo wa kemikali kwa njia ya kuongeza, kupunguza au kupanga upya atomu katika molekuli za dutu hiyo.
badiliko la kiumbo ji physical change: badiliko katika kitu ambalo ni la umbo tu na sio la kikemikali, k.m., kuganda kwa maji na kuwa barafu.
bakteria ji bacteria: viumbe hai vidogo sana visivyoonekana kwa macho ila kwa hadubini ambavyo baadhi yake husababisha magonjwa kwa wanyama na mimea na baadhi yake husaidia kurutubusha ardhi.
bakteriolojia ji bacteriology: elimu ya sayansi ya bakteria, yaani, viumbe hai vidogo sana visivyoonekana kwa macho ila kwa hadubihi ambavyo baadhi yake husababisha magonjwa kwa wanyama na mimea na baadhi husaidia kurutubisha ardhi.
barometa ji barometer: chombo cha kupimia kanieneo ya angahewa.
barometa
biolojia ji biology: elimu ya asili na miundo yote ya viumbe hai.
botania ji botany: elimu ya sayansi ya mimea.
brasi ji brass: mchanganyiko wa shaba na zinki.
bronzi ji bronze: metali ngumu ambayo ni mchanganyiko wa shaba na bati.
Dd
duaradufu ji ellipse: umbo linalofanana na yai.
duara katipande ji eccentric circles: duara zenye kitovu zaidi ya kimoja.
duara katipande
Ee
elementi kemikali ji chemical element: elementi yoyote yenye tabia ya kikemikali.
erio kv aerial: -a hewani, k.m., mizizi hewa (aerial roots), yaani, mizizi inayoota kutoka sehemu za mmea zilizo hewani.
Ff
famasia ji pharmacy: elimu tanzu ya tiba inayohusika na mafunzo au uchunguzi unaohusiana na utayarishaji na utoaji wa madawa na vitibiaji.
fiziolojia ji physiology: elimu inayochunguza jinsi miili ya viumbe inavyofanya kazi.
fokasi ji focus: nukta ambapo mionzi sambamba ya nuru hukutana.
fomula ji formula: njia ya kuandika maelezo ya kihisabati, n.k., kwa kutumia herufi, namba, na alama.
fumbatio ji abdomen: sehemu ya mwili wa kiumbe iliyoko chini ya kifua, ambayo hujumuisha vitu kama utumbo, figo, ini na tumbo.
fyonza ji absorb: nyonya kitu chenye maji.
Gg
giligili ji fluid: kioevu au gesi ya aina yoyote yenye uwezo wa kutiririka.
gimba ji body: umbo la kitu au mtu lionyeshalo mjengo, unene, au ukubwa.
glukosi ji glucose: aina ya sukari isiyokuwa na rangi na hupatikana kwenye asali na matunda matamu.
Hh
hidragiri ji mercury: metali pekee ambayo ni kioevu katika halijoto ya kawaida.
Ii
isometali kv non-metallic: isiyo na tabia ya kimetali.
Kk
kaboni ji carbon: elementi yenye namba atomu 6.
kiashirio ji indicator: dutu inayoonyesha kuwepo kwa asidi au alikali.
kimumunyishaji ji solvent: kitu, aghalabu kioevu, chenye uwezo wa kumumunyisha vitu vingine ndani yake.
kiuavijasumu ji antibiotic: kemikali iundwayo na vijiumbe kama kuvu na bakteria ambayo yaweza kuangamiza backteria au virusi, au kuzuia ukuaji wake, k.m., penisilini, tetrasaiklini, kloramfenikoli.
kizio ji unit: namba ambayo kwayo namba nyingi huhesabiwa.
kupri ji copper: metali yenye rangi kama dhahabu inayotumika zaidi katika kutengeneza nyaya za umeme.
kipukusi ji disinfectant: kemikali inayotumika kuzuia au kuua viini vya maradhi, k.m. deta.
kutomea tumba kt budding: kuunganisha mmea kutoka kwenye mmea wa mti wa jamii moja hadi nyingine, k.m., mchungwa na mdimu.
Ll
lenzi ji lens: kipande cha glasi au dutu nyingine yenye uso pinde inayopitisha mwanga.
Mm
madini ji mineral: kitu kinachochimbwa ardhini kama vile shaba, risasi, mafuta, chumvi, n.k.
maji laini ji soft water: maji yanayotoa povu mara moja kwa sabuni.
maji mkeneko ji distilled water: maji yaliyopatikana na kupoza mvuke maji.
mangisha kt solidify: badilisha hali ya uoevu na kuingiza hali ya umango.
masi ji mass: kiasi cha kitu bila umbo maalumu.
maunzi ji material: chochote ambacho kutokana nacho kitu kingine hutengenezwa.
metali ji metal: dutu, aghalabu mango, kama vile chuma, bati, shaba, dhahabu, zebaki, alumini, n.k.
mfumo meta ji metric system: mfumo wa vipimo unaotumia vizio msingi vya meta, kilogramu na sekunde.
mmumunyo ji solution: tokeo la kuchanganya kimumunyishwaji na kimumunyishaji.
mnato ji viscosity: muelekeo wa mmiminiko kunata au kukataa kujimiminisha au kumwagika taratibu sana.
mnyeso ji secretion: hali ya kutoa utomvu au kioevu au umajimaji kama kimiminiko kutoka kwenye tishu au tezi, k.m., kutoa mate, machozi, maziwa, utomvu, n.k.
mnyweo ji contraction: hali ya kupungua hasa kutokana na mshuko wa halijoto.
molekuli ji molecule: chembe ndogo sana ya msombo inayoweza kushiriki katika mbadiliko kikemikali.
mvukizo ji evaporation: mgeuzo wa kioevu kuwa mvuke bila kulazimika kufikia kiwango mchemko.
mvutano ji gravity: hali ya vitu kuvutana kiasili, k.m., kati ya dunia na jua. Kani inayovuta vitu chini na kuvileta kwenye uso wa dunia.
mzingo ji circumference: mzungumo wa nje wa duara.
mzio ji allergy: hali ya kudhuriwa kwa baadhi ya watu wanapokula vyakula fulani au wanapogusa au kunusa vitu fulani kama vile chavua.
Oo
oksijeni ji oxygen: gesi safi inayotumiwa na viumbe hai. Alama yake ni O1; fomula yake ni O2.
Pp
patholojia ji pathology: elimu ambayo inachunguza asili na matokeo ya magonjwa ya wanyama na mimea.
Ss
sanjari ji series: aina ya mpangilio ambapo vitu vinapangwa kwa kufuatana kimoja nyuma ya kingine.
saruji magnesia ji magnesia cement: aina ya saruji inayotumika katika tiba, kwa mfano, kufunga kuhara; na katika viwanda.
saruji meno ji dental cement: aina ya saruji inayotumika kwa matibabu ya meno.
sayansi ji science: elimu inayotokana na uchunguzi, majaribio, vipimo na kuthibitishwa kwa muda uliopo.
sayari ji planet: magimba makubwa yenye umbo mduara yanayolizunguka jua na ambayo yenyewe hayatoi nuru bali huonekana tu kwa kuakisi nuru ya jua.
seli ji cell: chanzo cha asili ya umbile la kiumbe na shughuli zote za kifiziolojia katika kila kiumbe hai.
selulosi ji cellulose: aina ya kabohidrati itokanayo na sukari ya glukosi ambayo hupatikana katika kuta za seli za mimea.
silika ji silica: muungano wa oksijeni na silikoni upakatikanao kiasili kama mchanga na hutumika kutengenezea kioo.
silikoni ji silicon: elementi kijivu isiyo metali inayofanana na kaboni hasa hupatikana katika hali ya msombo.
sumaku ji magnet: nguvu inayoweza kuvuta vyuma au vitu vyenye asili ya chuma.
Tt
teknolojia ji teknology: utumiaji wa maarifa tupatayo kutokana na sayansi ili kutengeneza vitu viwandani, kujenga vitu, n.k.
tishu ji tissue: kundi la seli za aina moja zinazofanya kazi maalumu mwilini.
tohoa kt adapt: badilisha matamshi au maendelezo ya neno la lugha ya kigeni ili lilingane na matamshi au maendeleo ya lugha ya kienyeji, k.m., shirt (Kiingereza) kuwa shati (Kiswahili).
Uu
ukenekaji ji distillation: tendo la kugeuza kioevu kiwe mvuke, kisha kuutonesha huo mvuke uwe kioevu na kukusanya kioevu hicho.
ukifishwaji ji saturation: kuwepo kwa kitu, aghalabu kimumunyishwaji katika ukolezi wa juu kabisa kiasi kwamba uongezapo kimumunyishwaji zaidi hakimumunyiki tena.
Vv
vena ji vein: mshipa unaorudisha damu chafu kwenye moyo kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za mwili.
virusi ji virus: vijiumbe hai ambavyo kimaumbile havijafikia hata ngazi ya seli bali vipo katika ngazi za molekuli kubwa za protini, ambavyo huweza kuzaana tu vikiwa vinaishi kwenye seli za viumbe wenye uhai.
Zz
zindiko ji antibody: aina ya protini inayotengenezwa mwilini ili kukinga mwili na mashambulizi ya viini vya maradhi.
Mwl Maeda
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