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USHAIRI: NADHARIA NA TAHAKIKI (5)

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USHAIRI: NADHARIA NA TAHAKIKI (5)
#1
4. Saadani A. Kandoro: Mashairi ya Saadani
SURA YA NNE
Na E. Kezilahabi

Bwana Saadani Abdu
Kandoro alizaliwa Kasingirima Street, Ujiji, Mkoa wa Kigoma tarehe 8 Desemba,
1926. Baada ya masomo ya Shule ya Primary Ujiji aliendelea na masomo yake
Government School Iringa, Mwanahela School na Teachers Training School Bwiru.

Mwaka
1944, Bwana Kandoro aliingia katika Idara ya Kuweka Hazina Uyui Tabora. Katika
miaka iliyofuata alishughulika sana kuanzisha Vyama Vya Ushirika na Ustawi wa
Jamii ya Waafrika na hatimaye alikuwa Diwani wa kwanza katika Advisory Council
ya Mji wa Tabora. Katika mwaka 1952 alikuwa Provincial Secretary wa Tanganyika
African Association, Lake Province. Mwaka 1954, alikuwa miongoni mwa watu 17
walioanzisha Chama kitukufu cha TANU mjini Dar es Salaam.

Maneno
haya tunayosoma karibu na picha yake kwenye jalada la kitabu yanatosha
kuonyesha kuwa Bwana Kandoro ni mwanasiasa, na maandishi yake ambayo
tunayajadili katika makala haya hayako mbali naukwelihuu.

Katika
dibaji ya kitabu hiki Bwana Mnyampala anasema “ilikuwa vigumu kuweza
kupambanua baina ya tungo za Sheikh Amri na mpwae huyu Sheikh Kandoro.”
Hii si kweli, maana mengi ya maandishi ya Amri Abedi yaliambatana sana na
misingi ya dini wakati ya Kandoro yanamhusu hata mwanadamu katika jitihada ya
kushindana na mazingira yake.

Katika
muhtasari wetu wa Kiswahili imeandikwa kwamba baadhi ya mashairi yaliyomo
katika kitabu hiki tunayaona katika Sheria za Kutunga Mashairi na Diwani
ya Amri na tofauti hizi si ndogo. Nafikiri Kandoro angeweza kutunza
majina yale yale na mahali ambapo ameongeza beti ingekuwa bora kama angeeleza
hizo beti zimetoka wapi. Jambo hili ni muhimu sana maana linaweza kumpa shaka
mhakiki. Kosa kama hili lilitendeka pia kwa baadhi ya maandishi ya Shaaban
Robert.

Udhaifu
mwingine wa Bwana Kandoro tunauona katika muundo wa mashairi yake. Huu si
udhaifu wa Kandoro peke yake, ni udhaifu wa washairi wengi wa siku hizi. Karibu
mashairi yote yaliyomo kitabuni ni ya mizani kumi na sita na mistari ni minne,
yaani tarbia. Mashairi ya aina ya tathlitha, takhmisa na ukawafi hatuyaoni
kabisa. Sifa hii anayo Shaaban Robert na inaonekana washairi wa siku hizi
wameshindwa kuvaa taji lake. Wale ambao wamejaribu kulivaa naona limcwapwaya.

Katika
dibaji hayati Mnyampala anatwambia: “Bwana Kandoro ni mshairi maarufu sana
nchini Tanzania.” Watunzi wenye fani ya Bwana Kandoro ni haba sana leo.
Wenye fani sawa na yake walikuwa akina marehemu Sheikh Shaaban Robert na
mjombae Sheikh Kaluta Amri Abedi n.k. Lakini mimi naona Kandoro bado anao
udhaifu mwingine. Ukisoma kwa uangalifu baadhi ya mashairi yake utaona kwamba
ameiga mno ushairi wa Muyaka. Kwa mfano shairi la “Usione Kwenda
Mbele” (uk.32) halina tofauti sana na shairi la Muyaka liitwalo
“Kurudi Nyuma si Kazi.” Katika shairi la Kandoro liitwalo “Baada
ya Dhiki Faraja” (uk.l29) tunasoma:

Baada ya dhiki faraja,
Muyaka alifumbua
Uendepo ngezi maji, kwa safari ya mashu wa
Hapo ukumbuke mbiji, ya kutweka na kutuwa
Muyaka alifumbuwa, baada ya dhiki faraji.

Ubeti
huu unatukumbusha mashairi mawili ya Muyaka “Baada ya Ohiki Faraji”
na “Simba wa Maji”. Vile vile shairi la Kandoro liitwalo “Kimya
Kina Mambo Mbele” (uk. 133) linafanana sana na shairi la Muyaka liitwaio
“Kimya” ingawa Kandoro kalitumia katika mazingira tofauti.

Baada
ya kujadili kwa kifupi udhaifu wa Kandoro mshairi, na ingawa si kawaida kuanza
na udhaifu, inafaa sasa tuone upande wake mzuri ambao nafikiri utachukua nafasi
kubwa zaidi.

Mashairi
yaliyomo kitabuni si ya mtu mmoja. Yamo pia mashairi ya Amri Abedi, Mathias
Mnyampala, Abubakari Mohamedi Mikdadi, Maria Rajabu, Salehe Tambwe, na
wengineo. Katika ufafanuzi wangu wa masbairi ya Kandoro nitatumia yale yaliyo
yake, na yale ya wengine nitakuwa nayataja tu inapohitajika – naona vigumu
kupima uwezo wa mtu kwa kutumia maandishi ya watu wengine.

Tabia
ya Bwana Kandoro imeelezwa vizuri sana na Sheikh K. Amri Abedi katika Utenzi
wa Saadani tuuonao mwanzoni mwa kitabu. Beti hizi tano zatukumbusha
machache tu kuhusu tabia yake.

Wema wake kwa yakini
Umemvutia shani
Ingawa kiduniani
Hupendezi wote pia.

Kwa kuwayu muhsani
Hufikiwa na wageni
Wajuu hata wa chini
Hupenda kufikia.

Hujitia mashakani
Ili kuridhi wageni
Hujingiw hatarini
Ili kuwatumikia.

Kijana mwenye makini
Ana nguvu ya maoni
Ana busara kichwani
Mengi hum wongokea.

Mwamuzi wa hisani
Watu wamtumaini
Uzukapo ukindani
Nduguze humuendea.

Shairi
lake la kwanza “Staharaki” (uk. 10) laeleza maana ya jina lake la
ushairi. Anaeleza kwamba hataharaki kwa tendo – hana haraka katika kutenda
jambo, haghadhabiki na hakasiriki upesi.

Ndiye mimi Saadani,
muendapole wa mwendo
Abdu si la utani, jina langu la upendo
Kandoro wangu ubini, baba simuweki kando
Sitaharaki kwa tendo, msonijua jueni.

Msonijua jueni, staharaki kwa tendo
Tendo nikilibaini, silifanyii vishindo
Vishindo ulimbukeni, limbuko si wangu mwendo
Staharaki kwa tendo, msonijua jueni.

Staharaki starani, staha wangu mtindo
Staharaki tatmi, kupigwa hata kwa nyundo
Staharaki kutamani, moyo huupigafundo
Staharaki kwa tendo, msonijua jueni.

Mshairi
ametumia mtindo mzuri wa kuandika maelezo kidogo ya mashairi yake. Jambo hili
karibu ni lazima katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Mashairi mengi ya Kiswahili, hasa
yale ya tambo na malumbano, ni vigumu sana kueleweka kwa watu wasio’ua chanzo
au asili ya kuandikwa kwa mashairi hayo. Lakini Bwana Kandoro ameeleza kidogo
maana ya mashairi fulani fulani, asili ya kuandikwa, na pengine wakati au mwaka
shairi hilo lilipoandikwa. Maelezo haya tunayapata katika kila mwanzo wa
shairi. Maelezo yake si mengi sana kiasi cha kumtafunia msomaji. Yanatosha
kuwekamsirigi unaohitajika.

Tuchunguze
kidogo jinsi Kandoro anavyoanza mashairi yake. Mara fulani fulani Kandoro
anaanza mashairi yake kwa kishindo. Tazama kwa mfano, mwanzo wa
shairi liitwalo “Mnapowacha Madogo na Makubwa Mtawacha” (uk. 25):

Amkeni kumekucha,
wakubwa hata wadogo,
Wadogo sikuwaacha, kwa kuogopa kinyongo,
Kinyongo sikukificha, kukificha ni wongo,
Mnapowacha madogo, na makubwa mtawacha.

Tutazame
mfano mwingine kutoka shairi liitwalo “Kigeugeu” (uk.22):

Kigeugeu geuka,
kupinduka ni ulema
Ni uleme kupinduka, geuka ziso hekima
Kila mara kugeuka, ni kuharibu heshima
Kigeugeu si chema, kila mara kugeuka.

Katika
shairi lake jingine liitwalo “Shujaa Haogopi Kitu Kilicho Halali
Yake” (uk. 66) tunaona mwanzo huu.

Nisemayo muyashike, hii
nishmri letu
A kuitae mwitike, tuendeshe mambo yetu
Shujaa na kitu chake, hadhulumiwi na mtu
Shujaa hahofu kitu, kilicho halaliyake

Vilevile
tunapata mfano mwingine katika shairi la “Mkamia Kifo Nani?” (uk.
54).

Wasomaji kutaneni,
pimeni inavyosema
Yatieni akilini, kwa busara na hekima
Tumekaa duniani, mambo mengi tunasema
Kufa mtu ni lazima, mkamia kifo nani?

Mifano
hii inatosha kueleza jinsi Kandoro anavyoanza inashairi yake kwa kishindo.
Tunasikia sauti yenye nguvu, sauti ya mtu mzima akizungumza, sauti ya mtu
anayejua anachokizungumzia. Mwanzo kama huu husaidia kuamsha ari ya msomaji ya
kutaka kuendelea.

Dhamira Kuu
Sasa
tuone mawazo yake makuu yanayojitokeza katika kitabu uki. Mawazo haya
nitayajadili katika mafungu matano:

1. Mawaidha
yanayoambatana na misingi ya dini
2. Uvumilivu katika maisha
3. Uhusiano wake na Amri Abedi, na wenyeji wa Mafia
4. Ukoloni
5. Baada ya Uhuru

Misingi ya Dini
Katika Mashairi
ya Saadani tunaona mashairi fulani fulani ambayo yanaambatana sana na
misingi ya dini. Katika shairi liitwalo “Ihsani” (uk. 30) mshairi
mwenyewe anatupa kwanza maelezo haya: “Shairi hili linajieleza lenyewe
jinsi ya kuwafanyia ihsani viumbe na ubora wa kutenda ihsani, yaani wema.
Inaeleweka katika mafunzo ya dini mbalimbali kwamba ukiwa mtenda mema japo
uwatendeao wakulipe nuksani, yaani ubaya, mbele ya Mungu utalipwa wema
wako.”

Japo fakiri niwa,
usikini na fukara
Na ubaya kufanyiwa, na kunionya ishara
Na matendo kulipiwa, ya faida na hasara
Isani kitu bora, mtenda na mtendewa.

Wazo
hili kidogo sikubaiani nalo maana lina sehemu ndogo sana katika ulimwengu wa
leo, ulimwengu wa kuoneana kisiasa, kiuchumi na kadhalika. Nashangaa kuona
Bwana Abdu Kandoro akileta tena wazo la kupigwa shavu na kutega shavu la pili
kwa tegcmeo la kulipwa na Mungu baadaye. Wazo hili linarudiwa tena katika shairi
liitwalo “Binadamu Tenda Wema” (uk.18).

Katika
shairi liitwalo “Moyo Maovu Sifate” (uk. 31) tunamsikia rnshairi
akiuonya moyo wake:

Moyo wanambia kata, kitu
cha watu sikate
Moyo wanambia vuta, kitu cha watu sivute
Moyo wanambia ita, usomjua simwile
Maovu moyo sifate, utanitia matata.

Uvumilivu Katika Maisha
Uvumilivu
na kufanya kazi kwa bidii ni wazo mojawapo kubwa ambalo linaweza kujadiliwa
pekee. Kwa kifupi tunaweza kusema kwamba Mashairi ya Saadani ni kitabu
kinachoonyesha jitihada ya Bwana Abdu Kandoro katika kujiendeleza mwenyewe,
matatizo aliyoyapata, na hatimaye kufanikiwa kwake. Tunamwona yeye na rafikiye,
Tambwe, wakikazana wapate kujisukuma mbele katika maisha. Kwa upande wa Bwana
Kandoro, amefanikiwa sana katika maisha. Amepata kuwa · mkuu wa wilaya, na hakuna kufanikiwa
kuliko kutenda jambo ambalo umma unalitambua. Katika “Naisubiri
Subira” (uk. 61) tunamsikia akisema:

Mpaka kubahatisha, ndipo
upate bahati
Bahati yafurahisha, mbeleya watu umati
Aipatae hutisha, akawekwa katikati
Mtu hapati bahati, mpaka kubahatisha

Bahati kuimarisha, yataka umadhubuti
Mpaka umejichosha, kazi yako kudhibiti
Kazi yako imarisha, usiiwachie kati
Mtu hapati bahati, mpaka kubahatisha

Bwana
Kandoro anapoanza kuona matunda ya kufanikiwa kwake maishani anasema katika ‘Usiku
Ukikomaa Karibu Kupambazuka’ (uk.77):

Kipigo ukapigika, mfano
wa kulemaa
Ndipo juto hukuftka, wakati wa kuchumaa
Na kupona kutafika, usiondoe tamaa
Usiku ukikomaa, karibu kupambazuka.

Amri Abeid na Weayejt wa Mafia
Uhusiano
uliopo kati ya Kandoro na Amri Abedi umechukua pia sehemu kubwa kitabuni, nao
umezungumziwa si katika kitabu hiki tu bali pia katika baadhi ya mashairi
yaliyopo katika kitabu cha Amri Abedi cha Sheria za Kutunga Mashairi na
Diwani ya Amri. Hapa tunaweza tu kufupisha mazungumzo haya kwa kutumia
maneno ya Mathias Mnyampala yaliyomo katika Jarida la Kiswahili Toleo
35/1 Machi. 1965.

Mgogoro ule ulioanza
wakati wa kuoana kwao yeye na mkwewe, Shami ulizuka tena. Fitina hiyo siwezi
kuieleza hapa bali kila mmoja anaweza kuona na kusoma mashairi yaliyomo katika
kitabu cha Sheria za Kutunga Mashairi na Diwani ya Amri. Kisa
na mkasa vimeelezwa humo. Bwana Saadan Abdu Kandoro alijitahidi sana
kupatanisha ugomvi huo. Juhudi hiyo ilifaulu kidogo tu na mwaka 1951 Sheikh
Amri Abedi alimtaliki Bi Shami Binti Sudi baada ya mgogoro mkubwa sana.

Kati
ya mashairi yanayoweza kugusa sana msomaji ni lile la “Mola Muweke Peponi
Mjomba Wangu Kaluta” (uk.50), shairi juu ya kilio cha Bwana Kandoro kuhusu
kifo cha Amri Abedi.

Makiwa yamenipata,
imenishika huzuni
Meno ninajikeketa, nimeku wa msibani
Kandoro na ata-ata, la kushika silioni
Mola muweke peponi, mjomba wangu Kaluta.

Njiani ninapopita, mawazo tele moyoni
Msiba niliopata, kifo cha mwanachuoni
Kifo cha Sheikh Kaluta, kimemkaba yakini
Mola muweke peponi, mjombo wangu Kaluta

Jjapo tutamfata, kifo hakina fulani
Sikitiko ni kujuta, tulobaki mashakani
Maisha mwenye kufua, mwenye nguvu ni Manani
Mola muweke peponi, mjomba wangu Kaluta.

Ukoloni
Kuanzia
ukurasa wa 124 hadi 164, tunaona mashairi ya kisiasa. Mashairi ya kisiasa
yanachukua sehemu kubwa kitabuni kuliko mashairi ya aina nyingine. Bwana Abdu
Kandoro – kama tulivyosema hapo awali – ni mmoja katika watu kumi na saba
walioanzisha chama cha TANU mwaka 1954. Ni mmoja kati ya watu waliokazania sana
uhuru wa Tanganyika miaka ile ya ukoloni. Bwana Kandoro alipigania uhuru kwa
njia mbili: kimatendo na kimaandishi. Katika mashairi yake haya sehemu zote
mbili tunaziona. Tunamwona anasafiri kwenda Mwanza kwenye mkutano wa kisiasa. Kwa
upande wa maandishi Bwana Kandoro lazima apewe sifa kubwa sana kwa ujasiri
aliokuwa nao – ujasiri wa kuandika mashairi yaliyokashifu serikali ya mkoloni
wakati (mkoloni) akiwa bado nchini akitawala. Watu wachache sana walionyesha
ujasiri huu wa kumpinga mkoloni. Washairi waliotaka kujipendekeza kwa wazungu,
au walifanya hivyo kwa woga – wakiogopa utawala wa mkoloni! Lakini Bwana
Kandoro ni kinyume cha waandishi kama hao. Sikiliza kwa mfano, sauti yake ya
hasira katika shairi la “Kwetu Ni Kwao Kwa Nini? (uk. 139).

Mtu kuuliza nini, kitu
hiki cha nini?
Kitu hiki ni cha nani, na hiki kitu cha nini?
Nacho kinailwa nim, ni cha nani na kwa nmi?
Kwetu ni kwao kwa nini, na kwao kwetu kwa nini?

Na kwa nini cha nani, na chake kwa njia gani?
Jawybu liweyakini, lisiwe purukshani?
Kwa nini sababu gani, kwao ni kwetu kwa nini?
Kwetu ni kwao kwa nim, na kwao kwetu kwa nini?

Kwa nini kwao kwa nini, kuwe kwetu ni kwa nini?
Na kwetu pia kwa nini, kuitwa kwao kwa nini?
Kwa nini ina yakini, kwetu ni kwao kwa nini?
Kwetu ni kwao kwa nini, na kwao kwetu kwa nini?

Mtu kwao kuthamini, ijapokuwa jiweni,
Pia alale mtini, na baraza liwe chini
Nile matunda porini, kuitwa kwenu kwa nini?
Kwetu ni kwao kwa nini, na kwao kwetu kwa nini?

Wakati
Sheikh Amri Abedi alipokuwa kule Missionary College Rubwa, Pakistan, Bwana
Kandoro alimuandikia shairi la “Siafu Wamekazana” ili kumjulisha
maendeleo ya wananchi katika kupigania Uhuru. Ni shairi la kiwango cha juu
sana, lakini hapa nitadondoa beti mbili tu:

Nyoka amegutuka, ndani
ya shimo katuna
Tena amekasirika, hasira zenye kununa
Nyoka anababaika, shimoni kwa kujikuna
Siafu wamekazana, nyoka amekasirika.

Shimoni ataondoka, hilo nataja kwajina
Nyoka anajuwa fika, siafu wakiungana
Nguvu zinaongezeka, shimoni watagombana
Siafu wamekazana, nyoka amekasirika.

Baada ya Uhuru
Jambo
la mwisho ambalo nitagusia ni mashairi yake yaliyoandikw, baada ya uhuru.
Katika mashairi haya tunamwona Kandoro huko Mafia akiwa mkuu wa wilaya hiyo, na
jinsi anavyoshirikiana na watu na kuwahimiza wafanye kazi kwa bidii. Mhakiki wa
kitabu hiki anasema:

Washairi wengine nyoyo
zao huguswa zaidi na vitu kama uzuri wa umbile la dunia, mabonde, milima, ndege
n.k. Wengine huguswa zaidi na fikira za upeo mbali mbali kama vile mwenendo
mwema, imani kwa Mungu, ubaya na wema katika maisha n.k. Bwana Kandoro anaguswa
zaidi na watu wenzi wake, sahiba zake, na hata wapinzani wake.

Mashairi
aliyoandika baada ya uhuru yanatufikisha kwenye upeo wa maisha yake. Kwa
kumalizia tunaweza kusema kwamba Bwana Kandoro ameweka msingi mzuri sana kwa
washairi wa Tanzania – nchi ambayo inajali zaidi watu kuliko uzuri wa milima na
mabonde wanamoishi.

Maswali
1.
Ijadili dhamira ya uzalendo ijitokezavyo katika Mashairi ya Saadani.

2.
Tumia shairi la “Siafu Wamekazana” ujadili matumizi ya taswira katika
kujenga dhamira ya shairi hili.

3.
Chagua dhamira kuu tatu zijitokezazo katika Mashairi ya Saadani ujadili
kufanikiwa au kutofanikiwa kwa mwandishi katika kuziibua dhamirahizo.

4.
“Katika Mashain ya Saadani tunagundua mshairi ambaye yu mwanasiasa tangu
mwanzo hadi mwisho.” Jadili.
Mwl Maeda
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