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NAMNA FASIHI ANDISHI NA SIMULIZI ZINAVYOATHIRIANA KIFANI NA KIMAUDHUI

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NAMNA FASIHI ANDISHI NA SIMULIZI ZINAVYOATHIRIANA KIFANI NA KIMAUDHUI
#1
FASIHI ni sanaa inayotumia maneno ili kutoa picha halisi ya mwanadamu akiwa maishani mwake; mahusiano yake na viumbe wengine, migogoro yake na mazingira, shida zake, raha zake, matumaini yake na jinsi anavyopiga hatua katika taratibu za maendeleo yake.
Ni sanaa inayodhihiri ubunifu, inayotumia maneno kama mtambo na malighafi ya kuwasilisha mawazo na ambayo hulenga binadamu kama kiini chake.
Mtazamo huu unaiona fasihi kama kazi inayoendelezwa kwa maneno, iwe ama andishi au simulizi. Kuandika na kusimulia ni mtambo tu wa kuiwasilisha kazi hiyo. Kuandika sawa na kuchonga, kushona, kufinyanga au kuchora ni njia ya kueleza dhana tu, na jinsi ambavyo mchoraji hutumia rangi katika kazi yake, mtunzi wa kazi ya fasihi pia hutumia maneno au lugha kueleza dhana na hisia zake. Maneno hayo huenda akayaandika, akayaimba au akayazungumza.
Matumizi ya lugha kisanaa kwa njia ya kibunifu ndiyo maneno ya msingi ambayo huifanya fasihi kuwa aina ya sanaa. Usanii huo ndio unaofanya maneno ya fasihi yawe tofauti na maneno ya kawaida hata kama fonolojia au maumbo yake (mofolojia) ni sawa.
Kwa hivyo, si kila masimulizi au maandishi yanayofuzu kuwa fasihi, ila tu yale yatumiayo ubunifu wa kisanaa katika kuwasilisha matukio ya kila siku katika maisha ya binadamu.
Ingawa hivyo, fasihi andishi imeathiriwa pakubwa na fasihi simulizi kimaudhui na kifani kadri inavyobainika katika vipengele vifuatavyo: DHAMIRA
Kuna mfanano mkubwa kati ya maudhui katika fasihi andishi na fasihi simulizi. Masuala mengi yanayoshughulikiwa na fasihi andishi yamekwisha kujadiliwa na fasihi simulizi. Kile ambacho fasihi andishi hufanya ni kuongezea masuala mapya kutokana na jamii ya kisasa.
Kwa mfano, asasi ya ndoa na nafasi ya mwanamke katika jamii ni maudhui ya tangu jadi katika fasihi simulizi. Maudhui haya pia yameangaziwa katika kazi mbalimbali za fasihi andishi. Riwaya ya Utengano
(Said A. Mohammed) imeangazia suala la nafasi ya mwanamke katika jamii ambapo kiumbe huyo amesawiriwa kuwa chombo cha starehe, anayekandamizwa na asiye na sauti mbele ya mwamamume.
Dhana ya majaaliwa katika tamthilia ya Mfalme Edipode hujitokeza sana katika kazi za kinathari za fasihi simulizi. Katika baadhi ya ngano, kuna watu ambao kupitia kwa majaaliwa, wanatajirika kimiujiza baada ya kuwa maskini. Majaaliwa ni uwezo wa Mungu.
Jukumu kubwa la fasihi simulizi kijamii ni kuadilisha. Ngano, semi, nyimbo na mawaidha ni baadhi ya tungo za fasihi simulizi zilizotekeleza wajibu huu. Kwa mfano, ngano inayohusu kisa cha fisi kumkosa ndama kwa kuila kamba iliyokuwa imemfunga ndama, ni mfano wa ngano inayotahadharisha kujiepusha na tamaa na ujinga.
Dhamira hii ya kuadilisha inajitokeza katika tungo za fasihi andishi kama vile riwaya ya Adili na Nduguze (Shabaan Robert) ambapo ndugu zake Adili wanageuzwa kuwa nyani kwa adhabu kwa kumdhulumu Adili.
NYENZO NA MALIGHAFI
Fasihi simulizi na fasihi andishi hutumia lugha kuwasilisha mawazo ya binadamu. Fasihi simulizi ndiyo ya kwanza kutumia lugha kiufundi kama malighafi yake. Lugha ilitumiwa kwa njia ya methali, na fani nyingine kama vile nyimbo na maghani. Vivyo hivyo, fasihi andishi kama vile tamthilia na riwaya iliibuka kimaandishi kutumia lugha kwa ufundi kama malighafi. Tanzu za kimaandishi kama vile tamthilia, riwaya, hadithi fupi na hata mashairi hutumia tamathali za usemi kama vile methali, nahau, tashbihi na jazanda.
USIMULIZI
Msingi wa fasihi simulizi ni usimulizi. Tanzu nyingi za fasihi simulizi huwasilishwa kwa masimulizi kama vile tendi, majigambo na rara. Riwaya ya Lila na Fila na Kipendacho Roho zimeandikwa kwa mtindo wa ngano za kimapokeo; hali inayoonyesha athari za tanzu za fasihi simulizi. Katika tungo za fasihi simulizi, fanani husimulia hadithi katika nafsi ya tatu. Kazi nyingi za fasihi andishi pia hutumia nafsi hiyo ya tatu.
UTENDAJI
Fasihi simulizi ni tendi. Vivyo hivyo, upo uwezekano wa kutenda fasihi andishi. Kwa mfano, tamthilia huigizwa jukwaani huku ngonjera zikiambatanishwa na vitendo. Tamthilia za Kifo Kisimani na Mstahiki Meya zimeigizwa pakubwa jukwaani kama ilivyo katika fasihi andishi.
Mwl Maeda
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