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JINSI YA KUJIBU MASWALI KATIKA MTIHANI WA TAIFA KIDATO CHA NNE – SWALI LA 15

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JINSI YA KUJIBU MASWALI KATIKA MTIHANI WA TAIFA KIDATO CHA NNE – SWALI LA 15
#1
JINSI YA KUJIBU MASWALI YA KISWAHILI KATIKA MTIHANI WA TAIFA KIDATO CHA NNE – SWALI LA 15 LA LAZIMA
Utangulizi
Kwa mfumo wa utungaji wa mitihani ya kiswahili unaotumiwa kwa sasa, swali la 15 ni la lazima kujibiwa na mwanafunzi afanyaye mtihani wa kumaliza kidato cha nne. Mfumo huu ulianza kutumika mwaka 2008. Swali la 15 lina alama 15, alama hizi ni nyingi sana na zikikosekana zinaweza kuleta madhara makubwa katika matokeo ya mwanafunzi.
Isivyo bahati wanafunzi wengi huliacha swali hili la lazima na kupoteza alama zote 15. Wale wanaojikaza kisabuni kulijibu swali hili hukosa mbinu za jinsi ya kulijibu na hujikuta wakishindwa kulitendea haki na kuambulia alama za simanzi. Wachache hufaulu, pengine ni wale waliopata kusoma muongozo huu.
Muongozo huu unatoa maelezo ya kina juu ya jinsi ya kulijibu swali la 15, mbinu hizi zitawawezesha wanafunzi kufaulu vyema mitihani yao. Pia mada zinazojadiliwa humu, zitaongeza ubunifu wa wanafunzi na kuwafanya waongeze maarifa yao ambayo ndiyo msingi wa kila kitu.
Mambo yanayohusika katika swali la 15.
Swali hili huhusisha mambo matatu tu;
  1. Utungaji wa hadithi
  2. Utungaji wa tamthiliya
  3. Utungaji wa mashairi
Hivyo mwanafunzi atatakiwa awe na mbinu za utungaji wa mambo hayo kwani kila mwaka swali hubadilika, huenda mwaka huu ukaambiwa utunge tamthiliya na mwaka ujao ukatakiwa kutunga shairi.
Mbinu za utungaji wa mashairi
Katika utungaji wa mashairi, yakupasa kufahamu mambo manne muhimu.
  1. Namna ya kutunga utenzi
  2. Namna ya kutunga mashairi ya kimapokeo
  3. Namna ya kutunga ngonjera
  4. Namna ya kutunga majigambo
Namna ya kutunga utenzi
  1. Utenzi uwe na vina na mizani nane
  2. Utenzi uwe na sifa ya tarbia. Tarbia ni muundo wenye mistari minne katika shairi/utenzi
Sasa hebu tazama mfano huu uliojibiwa kutoka swali la necta 2008.
Swali
“Tenzi zina kanuni maalumu”. Tunga utenzi wenye beti tatu (3) unaohusu ugonjwa wa UKIMWI.
Jibu
UGONJWA WA UKIMWI
UKIMWI umevamia,
Jamii o inalia,
Wavuvi mabaharia,
Wote unawachukua.
Hii simanzi jamani,
Heri itupwe motoni,
Tutoke korokoroni,
Tupumue kwa amani.
Kujikinga ni rahisi,
Mwenzenu nimedadisi,
Fundisha yako nafsi,
Ngono haina nafasi.
Namna ya kutunga ngonjera
Ngonjera ni shairi lenye wahusika wawili wanaojibizana. Kwa mfano; ubeti wa kwanza, mwalimu, na wa pili, mwanafunzi.
Unapotunga ngonjera zingatia haya;
  1. Wahusika wanaojibizana
  2. Urari wa vina na mizani
  3. Mwisho wahusika wakubaliane kuhusu jambo moja
Swali la necta la mwaka 2009 limejibiwa vyema kama mfano;
Swali
Umeteuliwa kushiriki katika shindano la uandishi wa ngonjera la Afrika ya Mashariki. Tunga
ngonjera yenye beti nne (4) kuhusu maandalizi ya uchaguzi wa mwaka 2010.
Jibu
MAANDALIZI YA UCHAGUZI MKUU 2010
Mzee
Uchaguzi umefika, viongozi kuchagua,
Hakuna kubabaika, kama moto wa mabua,
Rushwa hiyo kwangu taka, busara kuibagua,
Mzee ama kijana, lazima kupiga kura.
Kijana
Wala Sitapiga kura, kupoteza muda wangu,
Chagua wauza sura, wasioona uchungu,
Kiona vyao vipara, ni vyeusi kama vyungu,
Nasema kura sipigi, uchaguzi ukifika.
Mzee
Kijana elewa sasa, faida za kuchagua,
Tena si vyema kususa, taja angukia pua,
Na usitoe ruksa, serikali kuiua,
Mzee ama kijana, lazima kupiga kura.
Wote
Kushiriki uchaguzi, ni bora si kulalama,
Hatuachi uchokozi, kwa uchaguzi salama,
Hakuna kumwaga chozi, kwako we baba na mama,
Mzee ama kijana, lazima kupiga kura.
Namna ya kutunga mashairi ya kimapokeo
Unapotunga mashairi ya kimapokeo zingatia yafuatayo;
  1. Urari wa vina na mizani
  2. Lugha ya mkato
Swali la necta mwaka 2010 linatumika kama mfano;
Swali
Tunga shairi la kimapokeo lenye beti nne (4) kuhusu unyanyasaji wa kijinsia.
Jibu
UNYANYASAJI WA KIJINSIA
Kunazo jinsia mbili, ya kike na ya kiume,
Zote hizi ninakili, zastahili falme,
Changamoto ya akili, hii jinsia ya kiume,
Kunyanyasa mwanamke, wote tuseme yatosha.
Yu shambani analima, mume pombe ajinywea,
Yeye baba yeye mama, umri wazidi mwendea,
Kutwa yu kashika tama, kipigo kesha pokea,
Kunyanyasa mwanamke, wote tuseme yatosha.
Mumewe anapokufa, mali anadhurumiwa,
Hachukui hata sofa, mwanamke aonewa,
Mwisho apata kifafa, na kukonda kama muwa,
Kunyanyasa mwanamke, wote tuseme yatosha.
Kalamu nashusha chini, wanaume eleweni,
Dhambi mwajaza pomoni, mwanamke heshimuni,
Haki sawa zipambeni, zienee kooni,
Kunyanyasa mwanamke, wote tuseme yatosha.
Utungaji wa majigambo
 
Majigambo ni sanaa ya unenaji yenye utendaji na inayotumiwa na wasanii kujigamba ama kujinaki na kutangaza sifa zao.
Tofauti iliyopo kati ya mashairi na majigambo ni kuwa, majigambo yapo kwa ajili ya kujigamba tu kuhusu umahiri au ushujaa wa mtu wakati mashairi huweza kuzungumzia mambo mbalimbali yahusuyo jamii. Vilevile majigambo si lazima yawe na vina na mizani.
Mfano huu toka swali la necta 2012, unafafanua zaidi
Swali
 
Umeteuliwa kuwa mmoja kati ya waandaaji wa shindano la sanaa za maonesho litakalofanyika wakati wa kusherehekea siku ya walimu duniani mwaka 2013. Andika majigambo yenye beti nne ya mhusika ambaye ni mwalimu.
HAKUNA KAMA MIMI
Mimi ni mwalimu bora, dunia yote yajua,
Na nishikapo bakora, wanafunzi hutambaa,
Nafundisha lugha bora, kiswahili manufaa,
Jamani nasema hivi, hakuna alo ka mimi.
Mi ndo kubwa la vibaka, nilombaka popobawa,
Mchawi we utachoka, mi tabibu bila dawa,
Nguo iso na viraka, ninatinga kama kawa,
Mwalimu mwalimu kweli, ukinigusa tanata.
Nilimfundisha Mudi, leo hii ni profesa,
Pia mwingine Daudi, mpaka kawa na pesa,
Kazi yangu maridadi, naoa bila ya posa,
Jamani nasema hivi, hakuna alo kama mimi.
Kalamu naweka chini, tabasamu li usoni,
Nimenena ya moyoni, yalotoka akilini,
Katu sikai shimoni, mwalimu kazi kazini,
Mwalimu mwalimu kweli, ukinigusa tanata.
Utungaji wa hadithi fupi
Katika utungaji wa hadithi fupi, vipera vingi vya hadithi huhusika, vipera hivyo ni kama, soga, ngano, vigano, tarihi, visasili, visakale n.k. hivyo ni vyema kuvijua vipera hivyo. Hata hivyo katika utungaji wa hadithi kanuni zake ni zilezile hata kama unatunga katika kipera tofauti.
Mambo yafuatayo ni sharti yazingatiwe katika utungaji wa hadithi fupi
 
  1. Hadithi fupi inakuwa na mhusika mkuu mmoja ambaye anajitokeza sana kuliko wahusika wengine.
  2. Wahusika wachache.
  3. Mandhari finyu.
  4. Hadithi fupi inakuwa inaongelea dhamira kuu moja tu ambayo inaonekana toka mwanzo hadi mwisho wa hadithi.
Mfano huu unafafanua zaidi;
Swali
Tunga hadithi fupi kuhusu kisa chochote cha kusisimua.
PURUKUSHANI USIKU WA MANANE
Ilikuwa usiku wa siku ya Jumatano, Mowasha alijilaza katika kitanda chake cha teremka tukaze kwa furaha kuu. Ajabu ni kwamba hakukumbuka hata kuvua viatu, alilala navyo!
Kilichompa furaha Mowasha hakikuwa kitu kingine bali fedha aliyoipata baada ya kuuza pamba yake, pamba aliyohangaika kuilima leo ilimpa mamilioni, kweli mchumia juani hulia kivulini.
Akiwa amelala tena hajitambui kwa sababu ya usingizi, ghafla alistushwa kwa kupigwa kofi zito la mgongo, kofi hilo lilimpa simanzi na kumfanya alie kwa maumivu.
“Toa fedha uishi.” Jambazi mmoja alimwamulisha Mowasha, Mowasha akamtazama bwana huyu usoni akagundua ya kuwa jambazi huyu alikuwa mweusi kama kipande cha giza!
Jambazi yule aliendelea kumchapa makofi mazito ya uso Mowasha, kuna wakati jambazi alisikika akisema, “Toa fedha niko kazini!”
Mowasha baada ya kuona anaweza kufa, akainama chini ya mvungu wa kitanda chake akatoa kitita kikubwa cha fedha, jambazi bila kupewa fedha zile akazikwapua na kutokomea kusikojulikana.
Mowasha alihuzunika sana baada ya kuibwa fedha zake, alionekana mnyonge kama mtoto wa panya aliyekutana na paka mkubwa, lakini hakukata tamaa, aliendelea na shughuli za kilimo, safari hii hakulima pamba peke yake, alilima machungwa, nyanya na matikiti. Hivi sasa anamiliki nyumba mbili za ghorofa.
Kwa kuzingatia kanuni zilizotolewa hapo juu, hebu jipime kwa kufanya swali hili la necta mwaka 2011.
 
Eleza muundo wa soga. Tunga soga ya kusisimua kuhusu kisa cha kubuni.
Utungaji wa tamthiliya
Mambo ya kuzingatia katika utungaji wa tamthiliya
 
Katika utunzi wa tamthiliya kuna mambo kadhaa ya kuzingatia, mambo hayo ni kama yafuatayo:
  1. Chagua jambo unalotaka kuandikia
  2. Panga namna msuko wa visa na matukioa utakavyokuwa
  3. Buni wahusika wako kulingana na kile unachotaka kukiandika
  4. Chagua mandhari yanayofaa kulingana na visa vyako
  5. Tumia mtindo wa majibizano kati ya wahusika
  6. Gawa tamthiliya katika maonyesho
  7. Weka maelekezo ya jukwaa. Haya huelezea kile kinachotendeka kwa wakati ule. Maelezo ya jukwaa huwa katika maandishi ya italiki.
Tazama mfano wa tamthiliya hii ambayo imezingatia vigezo vyote vya utunzi wa tamthiliya.
Swali
Tunga tamthiliya fupi kuhusu kisa chochote kinachothibitisha kuwa mwanamke si mnyonge.
Jibu
VITUMBUA VITAMU
ONYESHO LA KWANZA
(Jukwaani wanatokea Kipisi na Mwantumu, Kipisi anatembea haraka na kumkamata mkono Mwantumu)
Kipisi: Habari yako sista…
Mwantumu: salama karibu biashara. (Anashusha chini sufuria lililojaa vitumbua, Kipisi anachukua vitumbua viwili na kuanza kutafuna)
Kipisi: Asante sista, nimetafuna viwili, vitumbua vitamu sana. Kwa heri!!
Mwantumu: Kwa heri hiyo vepee? Nilipe fyeza yangu, shilingi mia mbili.
Kipisi: sikulipi, fanya unachoweza.
Mwantumu: ahaa… kwa kuwa mi mwanamke ndo unanichukulia poa sio? Sasa leo nitakuonesha utamu wa mihogo pilipili.
(Mwantumu anamkunja shati Kipisi, kisha anampiga mweleka na kumfanya kipisi adondoke chini kama gogo.)
Kipisi: we mwanamke nuksi, chukua pesa yako usije niua bure.
Zingatia kuwa swali liulizwapo, huelezea urefu unaotakiwa katika hiyo tamthiliya yako.
Sasa hebu jipime kwa kufanya swali hili la necta mwaka 2014
Tunga tamthiliya fupi kuhusu umuhimu wa elimu kwa vijana wa Tanzania ya leo. Tamthiliya hiyo isipungue maneno mia tatu (300).
                                                            TAMATI
Marejeo
Mitihani ya necta taifa somo la Kiswahili mwaka 2008 – 2015
Marejeo mengine hayakuwekwa kwa sababu maalumu
Mwl Maeda
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