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USAWIRI WA MWANAMKE KATIKA RIWAYA YA HIBA YA WIVU

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USAWIRI WA MWANAMKE KATIKA RIWAYA YA HIBA YA WIVU
#1
Usawiri wa Mwanamke katika Riwaya ya Mwanga (1984) Hiba ya Wivu
 
Riwaya ya Hiba ya Wivu imeandikwa na mwandishi wa jinsia ya kike bi. Mwanga. Riwaya hii imejikita katika kuonesha mapenzi aliyonayo mhusika mkuu Farida kwa mumewe. Aidha, mapenzi haya yanaegemezwa kwenye wivu mkali aliokuwa nao Farida. Penzi limesababisha mchomo mkali wa wivu moyoni mwa Farida Kimambo. Wivu huo ulimfanya Farida atoke nyumbani kwake mbio kwenda kumsaka mumewe usiku mzima. Kitendo hicho kikazaa janga lililotia dosari ndoa yake, akajikuta mikononi kwa kijana Ray kimapenzi lakini bila ridhaa yake Farida. Kumnasua Ray ikawa kazi kwani alishampenda na akatamani awe mke wake. Ray akawa mwiba 68 mguuni mwa Farida. Vioja alivyofanya Farida ili kuokoa ndoa yake na kutoa mwiba uliomchoma (Ray) kwa upande mmoja, vinasikitisha lakini kwa upande mwingine vinachekesha na kufurahisha. Vioja hivyo ni pamoja na jitihada za kutaka kurudi kwa mumewe akiwa kama mtu aliyetekwa nyara kitu ambacho hakikufanikiwa na hatimaye ukweli ukajulikana.
Mwanamke kama Kiumbe Mwenye Wivu
TUKI (1981) wivu ni hali au tabia ya mtu kusononeka au kukasirika muda mtu amuonapo mpenzi au rafiki yake ana uhusiano wa mapenzi na mtu mwingine. Wivu katika Hiba ya Wivu unafanywa na mhusika Farida mara anapoona mumewe kachelewa kurudi nyumbani na kuamua kumfuata ili akamfumanie. Mwandishi anamwonesha Farida akisema:
Leo nitamfuata hukohuko nikamfume. Hoteli zote anazopendelea kwenda nazifahamu, haitakuwa kazi kumpata. Tena saa hizi bila shaka kaishalewa; na kaanza upuuzi wake. Atashaa! (uk. 3).
Hali kama hii inaoneshwa na mwandishi kwamba mwanamke ni mtu mwenye wivu uliopita kiasi. Wivu huu unaonekana ukimnyima Farida usingizi kama mwandishi alivyosema:
Farida binti Kimambo akiwa kitandani kwake kajilaza kifudifudi, mikono yake miwili usoni huku akibubujika na machozi, aliyaona maisha machungu mfano wa shubiri.
Kila alipojaribu kutuliza mawazo ili apate usingizi, ilishindikana. Machozi yalizidi kutiririka na kulowesha mto (uk. 2).
Mwandishi anaendelea kuonesha hali hiyo kwa kuandika kuwa:
….Mwanamume huyu; biashara ya saa sasa ndio imekuwa nongwa” aliendelea kuwaza. “Miezi sita sasa Ihucha hatulii, kutwa nzima kwenye biashara mpaka usiku, biashara, biashara, biashara tu. Biashara gani hiyo… (uk. 5).
Kitendo hiki kinazua janga lililoleta mashaka katika familia ya Ihucha. Panatokea hekaheka zenye kusababisha dosari zenye kuitia kasoro ndoa yao changa. Farida anajikuta akinaswa katika mtego wa mapenzi na kijana Ray, ambapo inakuwa kazi kubwa kwake kujinasua. Ndipo inambidi Farida atumie ulaghai ili asijepewa talaka na mume wake wa ndoa. Hali hii ya wivu inatuunganisha na hali ya ulaghai ambayo tutaiangalia kama tabia inayomtawala mwanamke kila iitwapo leo.
Mwandishi wa riwaya hii amejitahidi kukwepa kumsawiri mwanamke katika hali ya kudhalilika akilinganishwa na yule wa riwaya ya Shida.
Pamoja na ukwepaji huo, bado kuna taswira kadhaa zilizojitokeza katika riwaya hii. Taswira hizi ni zile mwandishi alizozichora kama utegemezi wa mwanamke kwa mwanamume na pia mwanamke kuwa kiumbe adhimu na laghai.
Taswira ya Mwanamke kama Tegemezi Taswira ya utegemezi wa mwanamke kwa mwanamume imedhihirishwa na mhusika Farida. Farida
alitegemea sana ushauri wa Ray katika kutafuta suluhisho la matatizo yake. Alimtegemea Ray amsaidie kujinasua kutokujulikana kwa mumewe juu ya hila na matendo yake maovu. Hata hivyo, mwandishi anatuambia:
Lakini angewezaje kumtegemea Ray kwa kila jibu wakati aliyeulizwa ni yeye? Ray angeweza kubuni maswali yote ya Ihucha? Isitoshe Ray Alimwambia ‘akili kichwani mwako’ wakati anamuaga… (uk 63).
Mwandishi anatuonyesha kuwa jamii yetu bado inamwona mwanamke kama kiumbe kisichofikiri na chenye kumtegemea mwanamume katika kila jambo.
Kwa upande mwingine Mwanga anatuonesha taswira ya mwanamume iliyo tofauti kabisa ya kwamba wanaume wanawathamini sana wanawake, na kutokana na thamani hiyo, wako tayari kuwasaidia kuliko ilivyo kwa wanaume wenzao. Mwandishi anaonyesha haya aandikapo:
Lakini kumbe jamaa hakuwa na ugonjwa wala hakukatazwa kunywa bia. Alikuwa kachacha kama mchuzi wa juzi, Fedha aliyokuwa nayo ilitosha kumshibisha na kumywesha Fatuma tu…(uk1).
Usawiri huu unamfanya mwanamke ajione ana haki ya kutendewa fadhila na mwanamume, hata mwanamume kuamua kijinyima ili mradi aweze kumfurahisha mwanamke. Hii hupelekea wanawake kubweteka na kubaki kuwa tegemezi kwa wanaume. Hali hii wanaume wanaichukua kama silaha kwao ya kuwanyanyasa wanawake.
Mwanamke Kama Mlaghai Mwanamke kama laghai katika riwaya hii imebainika pale Farida alipomlaghai mumewe kuwa ametekwa nyara, wakati sio kweli. Pia pale Ray anapomwambia Farida kuwa amepata wazo zuri la kujifanya kuwa ametekwa nyara, Ray anaongea maneno yafuatayo:
Bwana Ihucha: Mkeo tumemteka nyara jana usiku. Kwa usalama wa maisha ya mke wako, unatakiwa utoe shilingi elfu hamsini kabla ya saa tano kesho asubuhi. Hizo fedha zifunge vizuri, uzipeleke bonde la mkwajuni chini ya mbuyu. Kumbuka tupo wengi usijidanganye kijificha na kutuwinda… (uk. 19).
Tunaoneshwa Farida akiafikiana na wazo la Ray ili aweze kuinusuru ndoa yake, na hivyo alikuwa yuko tayari kwa lolote litakalotokea. Mwandishi anaandika:  Farida hakuwa na njia nyingine isipokuwa kukubali. Aliamini kuwa Ihucha hatoshindwa kutoa hizo pesa. Lakini hakuwa na uhakika wa kurudishiwa pesa hizo na Ray. (uk. 21).
Mwanamke kama chombo cha starehe Farida anaonekana akiwa nyumbani kwa Ray na akijifanya ametekwa kwa siku kadhaa huku
wakipeana starehe akimwacha mumewe Ihucha katika dimbwi la mawazo na mahangaiko ya usiku na mchana. Taswira hii imejitokeza pale Ray alimposema:
Hallo Darling, bado unasononeka tu? Ray alijitapa kwa lugha za kizungu kwa uchangamfu huku anamshika Farida begani….. Kesho ukifika yule Mnyaturu atakufanyia pati ya kukupa pole kwa kutekwa nyara. Atakufaidi! Farida alijibu “Basi bwana yamekwisha! Usikasirike bure” Farida alikuwa ametambua kosa alilofanya. Alizungumza kwa sauti ya kubembeleza ili mpango isivurugike….. (uk. 22). Hapa mwandishi anamchora mwanamke kama chombo cha starehe ingawa Farida alifanya hivyo ili kutimiza azima yake ya kurudi kwa mumewe. Kitendo cha Farida kumbembeleza Ray na kumpa kila alichohitaji kinaonesha udhaifu wa mwanamke kwani angeweza kutumia fikra na mawazo yake binafsi kutatua shida yake.
Hitimisho Malengo yetu katika sura hii ni kuwakilisha data kama zilivyoonekana katika vitabu teule vya riwaya vilivyotumika katika utafiti huu. Katika uchambuzi wa riwaya hizi mtafiti ameweza kubaini taswira mbalimbali katika kumchora mwanamke katika kazi zao. Mojawapo ya taswira hizo ni mwanamke kama chombo cha starehe, mwanamke kama tegemezi, mwanamke kama malaya na mwanamke kama mtu mwenye wivu. Taswira hizi zimebainishwa na waandishi wa jinsia zote mbili. Katika sura ya Tano tunachambua data na kutoa matokeo ya utafiti huu ili kuona ni kwa kiasi gani waandishi 72 hawa wameweza kufanana na kutofautiana katika kumchora mwanamke katika kazi zao.
Hapa msomaji ama mhakiki atajiuliza ni kwa nini mwanamke anakuwa dhaifu na kusawiriwa namna hii? Je, mwanamke afanye nini katika kujinasua na kujitoa katika wimbi hili lililomsibu na kusawiriwa na mwandishi? Tunapojaribu kutoa majibu kwa maswali haya katika tasnifu hii, ndipo tutakapopata suluhisho na hitimisho la tasnifu hii.
Aidha tafiti nyingine zinapendekezwa zifanyike kama mwendelezo wa nini kifanyike ili kumchora mwanamke katika mwanga angavu. Tafiti hizo pia zitatakiwa kuchunguza vipengele ama mbinu nyingine na kuzichambua kwa kina ili kuona namna zinavyojenga na kuibua dhamira mbalimbali katika riwaya za Kiswahili.
 
Mwl Maeda
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