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HALI NA HADHI YA RIWAYA YA KISWAHILI

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HALI NA HADHI YA RIWAYA YA KISWAHILI
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HALI NA HADHI YA RIWAYA YA KISWAHILI
Hali ya riwaya ya KiswahiliHizi ni zama za sayansi na teknolojia. Mwonekano wa jumla kuhusu hali ya riwaya nikwamba, kunaongezeko kubwa la riwaya kwa kigezo cha idadi. Mwamko wa riwaya katika zama hizi unaweza kushuhudiwa katika kona muhimu zifuatazo: uandaaji, usambazaji na usomaji.o   Uandaaji, kwa sasa kuna mfumuko mkubwa wa utunzi na uchapishaji wa riwaya. Bali, tatizo ni kuhusu ubora wa viwanda vya uchapishaji vingi havina misingi bora ya wataalamu wa uhariri n.k. msukumo mkubwa pengine huwekwa katika soko zaidi (tija ya mtunzi na wachapishaji) kuliko tija ya msomaji. Hii, kwa upande mwingine, husababisha kupatikana kwa riwaya nyingi ambazo zinapwaya kimbinu na kimaudhui.o   Usambazaji, kwa sasa, kuna nyenzo nyingi ambazo zinaharakisha kufikisha riwaya kwa hadhira, nyenzo hizo ni kama vile: mitandao pepe ambayo imesahilishwa sana siku hizi katika ufikiwaji wake, kwayo, mtu wa sehemu ya kwanza huweza kupata riwaya kutoka sehemu yeyote duniani na kuisoma. Kwa riwaya za maunzi ngumu, nyingi huuzwa na si kusambazwa kama ilivyokuwa miaka iliyopita.o   Usomaji wa riwaya, pamoja na kupanuka kwa nyenzo za kupakulia, kuhifadhi na kusomea hapa bado kunatatizo kubwa. Ukubwa wa tatizo la usomaji linaanzia katika kuwapo kwa tofauti za usomaji wa kawaida na usomaji wa kifasihi. Namna hizi mbili za usomaji zinatofautiana sana. Usomaji wa kifasihi unahitaji misingi na usuli wa kifasihi. Usomaji wa kifasihi huathiriwa na mambo mengi kama vile:
ü Misingi ya kidini
ü Matatizo ya kiuchumi
ü Misingi ya kitamaduni (miiko)
ü Muda
ü Usuli wa kifasihi na uwezo binafsi wa uelewa
ü Malengo binafsi ya msomaji
ü Sera za nchi n.k.Kwa jumla, mambo yanayokwaza usomaji wa kifasihi kwa waswahili ni umaskini, sera duni za usomaji wa ziada, miiko ya kimila na kukosekana kwa nafasi.
Hadhi ya riwaya ya Kiswahili
Ulimwengu umedogoshwa sana na Tehama. Kutokana na udogoishwaji huo, kumekuwa na mwingiliano mkubwa wa kiutunzi katika riwaya kimbinu na kifani. Hali hii, ijulikanayo kama mtagusano wa kifasihi imesababisha kuwapo kwa riwaya zinazoendana sana kifani na kimaudhui kutoka katika sehemu mbalimbali za dunia. Mifano ya kazi hizo ni:
o   Take your money (chase) vs Pesa zako zinanuka (Mtobwa)
o   I will burry my Dead (Hardey Chase) vs Zika Mwenyewe (E. Ganzel)
o   Mzingile (Kezilahabi) vs Bin ― adamu (Wamitilia)
o   Dunia yao (SAM) na The Tin Drum (Gunter Grass)
Baada ya fikra zote za hapo juu, vema sasa kujiuliza kuhusu hadhi ya riwaya ya Kiswahili. Maswali ni:
o   Je, fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa ujumla wake ina hadhi gani mbele ya sanaa nyinginezo za waswahili?
o   Je, riwaya ya Kiswahili ina hadhi gani mbele ya tanzu nyinginezo za fasihi ya kiswahili?
o   Je, riwaya ya Kiswahili ina hadhi gani mbele ya riwaya ya jamii nyinginezo?
o   Kwa hakika, majibu ya maswali haya si ya moja kwa moja: bali ni ya kimuktadha kwa sababu hushirikisha masuala au vigezo kadhaa vya kibinafsi kama vile:
ü Upendeleo, jinsi mtu anavyopenda utanzu Fulani
ü Mshindilio wa misingi ya utanzu husika
ü Mitazamo binafi kuhusu utanzu husika
ü Tujiulize msanii wa riwaya anahadhi gani mbele ya msanii wa sanaa nyinginezo kama vile muziki, uchoraji n.k. kuna baadhi ya sanaa zinachukuliwa kuwa ni za hadhi ya juu.
ü Pia, tujiulize msanii wa riwaya anahadhi gani mbele ya msanii wa tamthiliya na ushairi? Msanii wa ushairi pengine huchukuliwa kwa u ― mbele zaidi ya Yule wa riwaya.
ü Zaidi, suala la hadhi ya riwaya ya Kiswahili mbele ya riwaya ya jamii nyinginezo, ijapokuwa ni gumu kutathminiwa; ila mtu anaweza hata kuangalia kigezo cha kiasi cha riwaya za Kiswahili kutafsiriwa kwenda katika lugha nyinginezo au kiasi cha riwaya za lugha nyinginezo kutafsiriwa kwenda katika Kiswahili. 
MASWALI YA MJADALA 
1. Vipengele vya kibunilizi vinajitokezaje katika riwaya ya kufikirika na Miradhi Hatari?
2. Shaffi adamu shafi katika vuta n‘ kuvute amefanikiwa kujenga vitumba vya kutosha. Jadili.
3. Huku ukirejelea mawazo na tafiti za wataalamu mbalimbali jadili asili ya riwaya.
4. Bainisha kwa mifano mchango wa MSA katika riwaya ya Kiswahili.
5. Jadili mchango wa Ben Mtobwa na Elvis Aristablus Musiba katika maendeleo ya riwaya pedwa za Kiswahili.
6. Riwaya za kimaadili ujengwa katika miega mitatu (3) jadili miega hiyo  kama ilivyojitokeza katika riwaya ya Haini.
7.  Bila Naratolojia hakuna riwaya. Jadili.
8.Kipengele cha utomeleaji katika riwaya kina faida na hasara. Tumia Barua ndefu kama hii kueleza ukweli wa kauli hii.
9. Jadili nafasi ya wahusika katika riwaya ya Kiswahili huku ukilinganisha na tanzu zingine za fasihi.
10. Mgogoro wa mswahili ni nani unaathiri vipi maendeleo ya riwaya ya Kiswahili?
11. Eleza mchango wa wataalamu wafuatao katika kuibuka na kuendelea kwa riwaya ya Kiswahili:
·  Edward Steere
· Carl Buttner
· Carl Velten
· Lyndon Harries
·  Jann Knappert
· Edwin Brenn
· J.w.T. Allen
12. Jadili faida na hasara ya vipengele vya kimajaribio katika riwaya ya Kiswahili.
13.   Wanazuoni mbalimbali wametoa fasili ya riwaya. Eleza fasili hizo.
· Kwa nini fasili zao zimetofautiana?
·  Je, wewe unadhani riwaya ni nini?
14.    Eleza tofauti ya riwaya na vijitanzu vingine vya kinathari.
· Unadhani tofauti hizo kati ya riwaya na vijitanzu vingine vya kinathari zinasababishwa na nini?
15. Wataalamu wa taaluma za fasihi usema bila muktadha hakuna maudhui wala fani. Unadhani kwanini wanasema hivyo. Tumieni  riwaya kadhaa kushadadia hoja zenu.
16. Zote ni riwaya za Kiswahili, zote zinautamaduni wa waswahili, zote ni riwaya pendwa, zote zinahusu mapenzi, kwa nini riwaya moja iwe na mvuto kwa jamii na nyingine ikose mvuto. Tumia riwaya mbili kujadili hoja hii.
17. Plato na Aristotle waliweka msingi katika uundaji wa kazi za kisanaa na riwaya ikiwemo. Jadili ubora na udhaifu wa misingi yao.
18.  Jadili kinagaubaga historia ya riwaya barani Asia.
19. Riwaya kwa Kiswahili zinahasara kubwa zaidi ukilinganisha na faida kwa jamii ya waswahili. Tumia mifano lukuki kueleza ukweli wa hoja hii.
20. Riwaya ya Bwana Muyombekere na Bibi Bugonoka ni miongoni mwa riwaya za Kiswahili za mwanzo kabisa. Jadili maudhui na ufundi unaojitokeza katika riwaya hii.
21. Maisha ni nini? Wanafalsafa katika riwaya ya Kiswahili wanatoa majibu gani juu ya swali hili. Uwanja ni wenu kutoa mifano kun‘tu.
22. Dhana ya Ujumi kwasasa inaonekana ndiyo nguzo ya muhimu katika kuhakiki kazi nyingi za kifasihi. Kufikirika na Kusadikika zinathibitishaje ukweli wa hoja hii?
23.  Chunguzeni Epistemolojia katika riwaya teule tatu.
24.  Chunguzeni falsafa za uduara maisha, ujaala na utu katika riwaya teule tatu.
25. Tumia nadharia ya unegritudi kuhakiki riwaya ya vuta n‘kuvute.
26. Tumia nadharia ya udodosi nafsi kuhakiki riwaya ya Nagona.
27.Riwaya ya Kiswahili na filamu za kiswahizi zinaumana kimaudhui. Tumia riwaya moja teule na filamu moja ya Kiswahili kueleza ukweli wa hoja hii.
28. Falsafa ya Shaaban Robert na ile ya Euphrase Kezilahabi zimeathiri waandishi wengine. Teua riwaya mbili kati ya riwaya teule (isiwe ya S. Robert na isiwe ya E. Kezilahabi) kushadadia kauli hiyo.
29. Shaaban Robert na MSA wanafanana na kutotautiana katika uwandishi wao wa riwaya. tumia riwaya moja kwa kila waandishi hawa kuelezea hoja hii.
30. Nadharia ya Semiotiki hutumiwa zaidi katika kuhakiki vipengele vilivyofumbwa. Tumia riwaya moja iliyofubwa vizuri kati ya riwaya teule kuhakiki kipendele cha ufundi kwa kutumia nadharia hii. 
Mwl Maeda
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