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DHANA YA MOTIFU KATIKA RIWAYA INAVYOJADILIWA NA WATAALAMU WA KISWAHILI

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DHANA YA MOTIFU KATIKA RIWAYA INAVYOJADILIWA NA WATAALAMU WA KISWAHILI
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DHANA YA MOTIFU KATIKA RIWAYA INAVYOJADILIWA    NA   WATAALAMU  WA  KISWAHILI


Motifu ni kati ya vipengele muhimu katika uchambuzi wa kazi za kifasihi, hususani katika kuchambua vipengele vinavyojenga maudhui ya kazi hizo. Dhana ya motifu imefasiliwa na wataalamu mbalimbali. Kwa mfano: Dorson (1972) kama alivyomnukuu Thomson (1932:32) anasema motifu ni kizio kidogo thabiti kipatikanacho katika sanaa jadia, maelezo ambayo masimulizi yote yanajinasibisha nayo. Yanaweza kujikita kwa mhusika fulani ndani ya masimulizi, ndani ya matendo yaliyo katika masimulizi na mara nyingine katika hali inayojitokeza sana katika tendo lililo ndani ya usimulizi.
Thomson naye aliangalia motifu kwa kuihusisha kwa kiasi kikubwa na masimulizi ndani ya sanaa jadia. Hakuangalia motifu kwa mapana yake katika kazi zote za fasihi andishi na simulizi.
Wamitila (2003) kwa upande mwingine anasema dhana hii, motifu, hutumiwa kurejelea wazo kuu na sehemu ya dhamira katika kazi ya kifasihi. Huweza pia kutumiwa kuelezea elementi ya kimuundo au kimaudhui inayotawala kazi fulani. Anatoa mfano wa riwaya yake iitwayo Binaadamuambapo anasema safari ni motifu muhimu ya kimuundo na kimaudhui.
Umuhimu wa motifu anaouelezea Wamitila kwa kuzingatia maudhui na muundo unamaanisha kwamba, kuwapo kwa motifu ya safari katika hadithi hiyo ndiko kunakobeba muundo na maana ya hadithi. Motifu hiyo haiwezi ikaondolewa kwani itaathiri muundo na ujumbe au maana ya hadithi hiyo.
Encyclopedia the Free Dictionary (2011) inasema motifu ni kitu, jambo, wazo au muundo katika kazi ya fasihi linalojirudiarudia.  Motifu ni muhimu kwa sababu inamwezesha mtu kuona mawazo makuu na dhamira anazojaribu kuzionyesha msanii ili aweze kuitafsiri kazi ya sanaa kwa ufasaha zaidi.
Mulokozi (2009) anayaendeleza mawazo ya Encyclopedia (imeshatajwa) na kusema motifu ni kipengele radidi cha kijadi/kikaida au kimaudhui kinachotumiwa na wasanii katika kazi zao ili kutoa ujumbe fulani. Mulokozi (keshatajwa) anatoa mifano ya motifu za kifasihi kuwa ni: motifu ya mama wa kambo, motifu ya safari, motifu ya msako, motifu ya mwanamke mshawishi, motifu ya bi kizee, motifu ya mzungu mweusi, motifu ya mtoto wa ajabu, motifu ya mtoto kigego, motifu ya mnyonge anayemshinda mwenye nguvu, motifu ya nunda/ zimwi mla watu, motifu ya mwali aliyekataa kuolewa pia motifu ya taksiri (Achilles’ heel).
Kwa kuzingatia umuhimu wa motifu katika kazi za fasihi, aidha kwa kukusudia au bila kukusudia, waandishi wengi wa kazi za fasihi wamekuwa wakijumuisha motifu katika uandishi wa kazi zao. Motifu nyingi zinajitokeza moja kwa moja au kisitiari katika kazi hizo.
Motifu za msako na safari ni kati ya motifu zinazojitokeza kwa kiasi kikubwa sana katika kazi za fasihi. Hii inaweza ikachangiwa na ukongwe wake kama fasihi yenyewe. Kama anavyosema (Senkoro 1997:11)
Kuna ukweli wa tangu kale wa kifasihi ambao unasisitiza kuwa roho ya kazi yoyote ya kifasihi iliyo bora ni safari. Na ni kweli motifu hii ni ya kale kama fasihi yenyewe.
Motifu za safari na msako kwa kiishara zinahusiana na hatua za makuzi za wahusika katika kazi za fasihi. Kama Senkoro (1997) anavyoiangalia motifu ya safari katika mitazamo mbalimbali na mmojawapo ukiwa “safari kama ishara ya mchakato wa makuzi.”
Mwl Maeda
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