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Wahusika Katika Fasihi Andishi

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Wahusika Katika Fasihi Andishi
#1
Fasihi Andishi hutumia wahusika wanadamu, kinyume na Fasihi Simulizi ambayo hutumia wahusika changamano (watu, wanyama, mazimwi n.k). Kunazo aina kadhaa za wahusika katika kazi ya fasihi andishi kama vile: tamthilia, riwaya na hadithi fupi.
Aina za Wahusika
Wahusika Wakuu: hawa ni wahusika ambao wanahusishwa na takribani visa vyote katika riwaya/tamthilia. Wahusika huhusishwa kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho.
Aghalabu mhusika mkuu hafi isipokuwa katika trejedia/simanzi au hufa kifo cha ushujaa.
Wahusika Wasaidizi: hawa ni wahusika wanaosaidia kujenga mhusika mkuu. Hutokeza mara nyingi katika hadithi.
Wahusika wasaidizi wanaweza kuwa na visa vyao. Kwa mfano marafiki na aila za wahusika wakuu.
Wahusika Wadogo: ni wahusika ambao wanafanya kazi ndogo sana katika fasihi kama vile kujenga maudhui au mandhari. Wahusika hawa wakitolewa,
riwaya/tamthilia inaweza kuendela bila kubadilika sana. Kwa mfano mwenye duka ambalo mhusika alinunua kitu fulani.
Wahusika Bapa â‡’ hawa ni wahusika wasiobadilika kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho. Kwa mfano, mhusika mbaya anabakia kuwa mbaya kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho.
Sifa za wahusika bapa huweza kutambulika mwanzoni mwa hadithi/riwaya. Wahusika bapa hawawakilishi sifa halisia za binadamu. Nia yao ni kujenga tabia moja tu.
Kuna aina mbili za wahusika bapa:

Wahusika bapa-sugu – huoenyesha msimamo wao kulingana na masimulizi ya msanii.

Wahusika bapa-vielelezo – msimamo wao hutambulika kulingana na majina yao. Msanii hutumia mbinu ya majazi au lakabu kuwapatia wahusika majina yanayolingana na sifa zao.
Kwa mfano: Mhusika Rehema ni mwenye huruma na neema kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho.
Wahusika Duara: mhusika duara hubadilika kitabia katika fasihi. Hawana msimamo thabiti. Hubadilika kulingana na maudhui na mazingira. Kwa mfano, msichana aliyeanza kama mpole na mwadilifu anapobadilika na kuwa mtovu wa nidhamu, kahaba na asiyeshirikiana na mtu yeyote.
Wahusika Wafoili: huwa katikati ya wahusika bapa na wahusika duara. Wanaweza kuchukua msimamo fulani katika maswala fulani lakini pia wanaweza kubadilisha msimamo huo wakati mwingine kulingana na hali. Wahusika hawa hutegemea wahusika duara na wahusika bapa ili kutoa sifa zao. Kwa mfano, wakiishi na mhusika bapa, wanaweza kuchukua msimamo wa mhusika huyo lakini wakikaa sana na mhusika mwengine, wanabadilika. Wahusika hawa aghalabu huwakilisha uhalisi wa binadamu.
Mwl Maeda
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