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HISTORIA YA KUSAMBAA KWA WABANTU AFRIKA
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HISTORIA YA KUSAMBAA KWA WABANTU AFRIKA
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HISTORIA YA KUSAMBAA KWA WABANTU AFRIKA
SWALI: Thibitisha kauli kuwa kusambaa kwa wabantu kulianzia Afrika ya Magharibi hadi Pwani ya afrika Mashariki kwa kuelezea hatua nne za kusambaa kwa wabantu hao.
Utangulizi:
Ushahidi wa kihistoria unatueleza kuwa lugha za kibantu zilienea kutoka Afrika Magharibi eneo la kaskazini magharibi ambako ni makazi ya wabantu mpaka sasa. Kutoka eneo hilo ndicho chanzo cha kuwa na wabantu katika upwa wa Afrika Mashariki.
Kiini
Hatua za kusambaa kwa wabantu ni kama zifuatazo
(a) Wabantu walianza kuondoka katika eneo lao la asili (Kameruni) katika karne ya 10-40 BC wakielekea upande wa Kusini - Mashariki kupitia kingo za misitu ya Kongo na wengine walielekea Kusini karibu na visiwa vya Fernando.
(b) Wabantu walitawanyika kutoka Kusini mwa misitu ya Kongo kuanzia mwaka 100 BC na kuelekea maeneo ya Afrika baada ya idadi yao kuwa kubwa na kukumbwa na upungufu wa ardhi kwa ajili ya kilimo na maeneo ya kulisha wanyama wao.
© Wabantu walitawanyika kutoka eneo la Kusini Mashariki ya Kongo na kuelekea ukanda wa Afrika ya Mashariki mnamo karne ya 1 - 2AD katika makundi madogo madogo ambayo yalitofautiana katika lugha na ada zao. Tofauti hizi zilisababisha kuibuka kwa makabila ya kibantu ya Afrika Mashariki na kwingineko ambako ndio chanzo cha lahaja mbalimbali ikiwemo lahaja ya Kiunguja iliyotumika kusanifisha Kiswahili.
(d) Mnamo karne ya 3 - 4AD wabantu walielekea katika nyika tambarare za Pwani ambako walifanya maskani katika mabonde yenye rutuba yaliyo kando kando ya mto Tana na kuanzisha makazi katika maeneo ya Shupate na Shungwaya ambako ndiko chimbuko la waswahili wa leo.
Hitimisho
Upungufu wa ardhi yenye rutuba na malisho ya wanyama ndicho chanzo cha kuendelea kusambaa kwa wabantu kutoka Afrika ya Magharibi hadi Afrika ya Mashariki na hatimaye katika upwa wa Afrika Mashariki hadi bar
Mwl Maeda
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