MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
MyBB Internal: One or more warnings occurred. Please contact your administrator for assistance.
TUTEGUE KITENDAWLI : NENO MAITI IKO KATIKA NGELI IPI?
Thread Rating:
- 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
TUTEGUE KITENDAWLI : NENO MAITI IKO KATIKA NGELI IPI?
|
Posts: 2,189
Threads: 2,167
Joined: Jun 2021
Reputation:
4
Mojawapo ya nomino ambazo ngeli zake zina kutokubaliana kwingi miongoni mwa
wanasarufi wa Kiswahili ni ‘maiti’. Walimu na wapenzi wengine wa sarufi ya Kiswahili
huchelea kuelezea kwa hakika mahali pa ‘maiti’ katika mfumo mpya wa uainishaji wa
ngeli uitwao upatanisho wa kisarufi.
MOJAWAPO ya nomino ambazo ngeli zake zina kutokubaliana kwingi miongoni
mwa wanasarufi wa Kiswahili ni ‘maiti’. Walimu na wapenzi wengine wa sarufi ya
Kiswahili huchelea kuelezea kwa hakika mahali pa ‘maiti’ katika mfumo mpya wa
uainishaji wa ngeli uitwao upatanisho wa kisarufi.
Binafsi, nimewahi kukabiliwa na swali lihusulo ngeli ya nomino ‘maiti’ ingawa
jawabu langu kwa kawaida huambatana na maelezo marefu ambayo dhamira yake
ni kujaribu kuutilia nguvu mwegemeo wangu. Ninadhani hata wewe umewahi
kukumbana na hali sawa na hiyo!
Kwa muhtasari, uainishaji wa ‘maiti’ kingeli una uambaji ngoma wa aina mbili
kama zilivyo ngeli nyingine kadhaa. Wanasarufi fulani hudai kwamba nomino hiyo
inapaswa kuingizwa katika ngeli ya ( I-ZI) ilhali wenye maoni tofauti hushikilia
kwamba inapaswa kuwa katika ngeli ya (A-WA ). Sababu zitolewazo na
wanasarufi hao kuhusiana na misimamo yao, ukisikiliza kwa makini, utaona
kwamba zina mashiko ya aina fulani.
Awali , nilieleza kwamba vipo vipengele vingine ambavyo vinaweza kuchukua
mkabala- kati ila si suala la ngeli! Haiyumkiniki kudai kuwa nomino moja inaweza
kuingia katika ngeli mbili tofauti. Kwa hivyo, kinachohitajika ni ukubalifu kuhusu
mahali pa nomino yenyewe katika mfumo mpya wa uainishaji wa ngeli bali si
maelezo marefu ya kushawishi.
Katika makala haya, ninadhamiria kuonyesha sababu mbalimbali zinazowafanya
wenye mikabala miwili tuliyoitaja kuliweka neno hilo katika ngeli mbili tofauti.
Baadaye, nitapendekeza njia ambayo kwayo utata huo unaweza kutatuliwa.
Wanaoshikilia msimamo wa A-WA wanatoa sababu kadha zinazoelekeza mtazamo
wao. Wanatumia methali za jadi zilizotumia nomino maiti pamoja na tamaduni
nyingine zinazohusiana na sherehe za matanga na mazishi ya Waswahili
kushadidia madai yao. Wanadai kwamba methali hizo zimetumia kirejeshi (ye) na
viwakilishi nafsi – ambata ‘u’ au ‘a’ kurejelea maiti. Viambishi hivyo hujitokeza
katika ngeli ya A-WA katika hali ya umoja. Baadhi ya methali hizo ni pamoja na:
(1) Adhabu ya kaburi aijuaye maiti.
(2) Maiti haulizwi sanda.
(3) Aibu ya maiti aijuaye mwosha.
Kwa mujibu wa mila na itikadi za Waswahili, inasemekana kwamba kisomo
anachosomewa maiti kaburini mara tu baada ya kuzikwa huitwa talkini. Hapa,
kiambishi ‘a’ katika neno ‘anachosomewa’ hurejelewa na kudaiwa kwamba kunayo
sababu maalumu iliyowafanya Waswahili kutotumia kiambishi kiwacho chochote
kile mathalan (i) ya upatanisho wa sarufi katika ngeli ya ( I-ZI), na badala yake
kutumia kiwakilishi nafsi-ambata ( a).
Sababu nyingine itolewayo kuunga mkono madai ya wanasarufi hao ni ile ya
heshima au uluwa. Wanasema kwamba ijapokuwa maiti hana uhai, heshima yake
bado ingalipo na ndiyo sababu hufanyiwa mazishi maalumu. Kwa mantiki
hiyohiyo, methali, ‘Mimi mbega nafa na uzuri wangu’ hutumiwa kushadidia suala
hilo la heshima ya maiti.
Aidha, majina ya heshima ambayo huendelea kutumiwa na walio hai kumrejelea
aliyeaga dunia miaka mingi baadaye ni ushahidi mwingine unaoelezea sababu ya
kuwekwa kwa nomino maiti katika ngeli hiyo. Majina hayo ni ‘marehemu’ na
‘hayati’. Tunasema, ‘Marehemu kakangu alikuwa muungwana sana au ; Hayati
Mwinyihatibu alitufanyia mambo mengi’. Ushahidi mwingine utolewao kuunga
mkono msimamo huo, ni ule wa kuwepo kwa kisawe cha maiti; mfu, ambacho
hutumia kiwakilishi nafsi-ambata ( a). Tunasema, ‘Mfu amezikwa’ wala si ‘mfu
umezikwa’
Wanasarufi wenye msimamo wa pili hudai kuwa maadamu hamna uhai na hisia
katika maiti; kigezo muhimu kielekezacho uingizwaji wa nomino katika ngeli ya
A-WA, basi nomino hiyo inapaswa kuingizwa katika ngeli ya (I-ZI) kama vilivyo
vitu vingine vingi ambavyo havina uhai. Wanasarufi hao wanaendelea kudai
kwamba haiyumkiniki kudai, ‘Maiti wake atazikwa kesho’ ila tutasema, ‘Maiti yake
itazikwa kesho.’ Maoni ya wanasarufi hawa ni kuwa maiti ‘inapaswa’ kuchukuliwa
kama nomino yenziwe mzoga ambayo iko katika ngeli ya U-I. Wanaendelea kudai
kwamba suala la heshima lina umuhimu mdogo likilinganishwa na ‘uhai’ na ‘hisia’.
Ipo haja ya kuafikiana kuhusu ngeli moja ya nomino ‘maiti’ na nyingine kadha
zenye utata. Ili kufanikiwa kufanya hivyo, jambo moja linapaswa kupewa kipau
mbele: Kuzibwaga imani na misimamo ambayo tumekuwa nayo kwa muda mrefu
kuhusiana na nomino husika na kuwa radhi, kukumbatia mjadala na kujifunza
upya.
Mwl Maeda
|
Users browsing this thread: 1 Guest(s)