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KIVIPI FASIHI SIMULIZI NI MAMA WA FASIHI ANDISHI?

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KIVIPI FASIHI SIMULIZI NI MAMA WA FASIHI ANDISHI?
#1
Ngure(2003) anasema kuwa fasihi ni aina ya sanaa ambayo wasanii wake huonyesha ustadi wao katika kutumia maneno kisanii ili kuwasilisha ujumbe wao kwa wasomaji au jamii iliyonuiwa.
Naye Mulokozi(1989) anasema, fasihi ni sanaa itumiayo lugha ili kufikisha ujumbe kwa jamii bila kujali kuwa imeandikwa au haijaandikwa.
Kwa ujumla fasihi ni aina au kazi ya sanaa ambayo hutumia lugha katika uwasilishaji wake kwa hadhira lengwa ili kufikisha ujumbe uliokusudiwa bila kujali kuwa imeandikwa au haijaandikwa.
Mulokozi(1996) anasema kuwa fasihi simulizi ni fasihi inayotungwa au kubuniwa kichwani na kuwasilishwa kwa hadhira kwa njia ya mdomo na matendo bila kutumia maandishi.Na anadai kuwa fasihi simulizi ni tukio linalofungamana muktadha au mazingira Fulani ya jamii.
TUKI(2004)Fasihi simulizi ni kazi ya fasihi inayohifadhiwa na kurithishwa kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine kwa nji aya mdomo kama vile hadithi,ngoma na vitendwili.
Kwa ujumla fasihi simulizi ni ile kazi ya fasihi inayotungwa na kubuniwa katika kichwa cha binadamu na kuwasilishwa kwa hadhira au jamii lengwa kwa njia ya masimulizi ya mdomo na vitendo bila ya maandishi.
Wamitila(2003) anasema fasihi andishi ni sanaa itumiayo maandishi kufikisha ujumbe kwa hadhira iliyo kusudiwa.
Hivyo basi fasihi andishi ni aina au kazi ya sanaa ambayo hutumia maandishi kama njia kuu ya kufikisha ujumbe kwa jamii au hadhira lengwa iliyokusudiwa.
Ni kweli na dhahiri kwamba fasihi simulizi ni mama wa fasihi andishi.Na hii ni kwa kuwa fasihi simulizi ndiyo ya mwanzo kuibuka kwani hii ilianza mara tu binadamu alivyoanza kupambana na mazingira yake.Fasihi  ya kipindi cha mwanzo ilijikita hasa katika masuala ya uzalisahaji mali ambapo nyimbo ziliimbwa ili kuchapuza kazi.Fasihi andishi iliibuka mara tu binadamu alivyogundua maandishi ndipo kazi mbalimbali za fasihi zilipoanza kuandikwa.Dai la kuwa fasihi simulizi ni mama wa fasihi andishi linathibitishwa na hoja zifuatazo:-
Kwanza, dai hili linajidhihirisha katika tanzu za fasihi;tanzu za fashi simulizi zinafanana sana na zile za fasihi andishi.Hii ni kwa kuwa fasihi andishi imejichotea tanzu na vipera vyake katika fasihi simulizi.Mfano utanzu wa hadithi fupi.Hadithi fupi andishi zimetokana na hadithi fupi simulizi.Wanafasihi wengine wanauona utanzu huu kuwa ni wa fasihi simulizi kama vile Kingei na Catherin(2010:3) kama wanavyonukuliwa na samweil(2012:3).Samwel(2o12:6),yeye anauchukulia utanzu huu wa hadithi fupi kuwa ni utanzu wa hadithi fasihi simulizi na pia andishi.Hivyo basi utanzu wa hadithi fupi andihshi umetoka na utanzu mmja wa fasihi andishi ambao ni utanzu wa masimulizi.
Sio hayo tu,vilevile mitindo ya kazi fasihi simulizi;mtindo ni namna mwandishi anavyoumba kazi yake.Ngure(2003) anasema kuwa `tunaweza kutumia mfano wa Shaaban Robert katika kusadikika na kufikirika katika mitindo ya ngano zetu za `paukwa –pakawa ‘wakaishi raha mstarehe’.Ngule anasema kuwa hadithi hizi zinamtiririko mwepesi wa vituko uliofungamana na adili ya hadithi zenyewe.Mtindo huu niwa kifasihi simulizi.Hivyo basi,Shaaban Robert ametumia mtindo wa fasihi simulizi katika kuunda kazi yake ya fasihi andishi.Kwa maana hiyo fasihi andishi imechukua muundo wa fasihi simulizi.
Vilevile suala la dhamira;dhamira ni kusudio la mtunzi wa kazi ya fasihi. Ngure(2003)anasema kuwa dhamira nyingi wanazozijadili waandishi wa leo zilikwishajadiliwa zamani katika fasihi simulizi.Na miongoni mwa dhamira hizo ambazo Ngure anazitaja ni pamoja na mapenzi,kisasi,harakati za kitabaka na unyonge wa mwanamke.Hii ni dhahiri kwamba dhamira za fasihi andishi zimetoka katika zile za fasihi simuizi.Ngure anaendelea kwa kusisitiza kuwa fasihi andishi haijafumbua dhamira mpya kabisa ila inaongezea maudhui mapya katika dhamira zizo hizo.
Vilevile kipengele cha wahusika wa wao;hawa  ni wanyama,vitu,miti,watu na viumbe wengine ambao hubeba hulka na matendo ya binadamu.Wahusika ambao wanatumika katika fasihi simulizi ndio haohao wanaotumika katika fasihi andishi na kuwapa uhusika unaosawili matendo mbalimbali ya binadamu.Mfano hadithi za sungura kama Samweli(2012:20) anavyonukuu hurafa ya sungura na mkulima kutoka kwa Kanuri na wenzake(hakuna tarehe).Wahusika wake ni wanyama ambao hupewa uwezo wa kutenda kama binadamu ili kueleza hali halisi.Wahusika hawa wameingizwa katika kazi fasihi andishi.Wahusika kama watu hutumika katika fasihi simulizi na ndio hao hao wanaotumika sasa katika fasihi andishi.Hivyo ni dhahiri kwamba wahusika wa fasihi andishi wametokana na wahusika wa fasihi siumlizi.
Hata hivyo muundo wa kazi hizo;muundo ni mtiririko na mpangilio wa visa na matukio katika kazi ya fasihi.Hurekelea msuko wa visa na matukio katika fasihi. Mara nyingi fasihi simulizi hutukia muundo wa moja kwa moja au muundo sahili.Mfano hadithi nyingi kama hekaya za Abunuwasi (Samwel 2012:21) zina muundo wa moja kwa moja.Yaani kisa huelezwa moja kwa moja bila kurejea nyuma au kurukia matukio.Fasihi andishi imechukua muundo huu wa moja kwa moja katika kuunda visa na matukio..Mfano Haji Gora Haji  ametumia muundo wa moja kwa moja katika riwaya yake ya Vuta n’Kuvute.
Fasihi simulizi ni mama wa fasihi andishi.Fasihi simulizi ni kongwe zaidi kuliko fasihi andishi kwani fasihi andishi ilianza mara tu baada ya mwanadamu kugundua maandishi.Fasihi simulizi inaumiliki wa kimapokeo,hivyo hurithishwa toka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine.Fasihi andishi huwa ni mali ya mtunzi mwenyewe.Fasihi andishi na fasihi simulizi husawiri mambo mbalimbali yaliyopo katika jamii mbalimbali za mwanadamu pamoja na mazingira yake.
Mwl Maeda
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