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SWALI : Taja na uyafafanuwe kwa kina mambo mawili yanayohusu fonolojia arudhi

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SWALI : Taja na uyafafanuwe kwa kina mambo mawili yanayohusu fonolojia arudhi
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SWALI : Taja na uyafafanuwe kwa kina mambo mawili yanayohusu fonolojia arudhi.
UTANGULIZI
Fonolojia arudhi, hizi ni sifa za kimatamshi zinazoambatanishwa kwenye sauti za lugha ya mwanadamu, sifa hizi huitambulisha sauti kimatamshi zaidi na husaidia kubainisha taarifa za msingi kama hali ya msemaji, hisiya za msemaji au umbali alioko msemaji. Fonolojia arudhi huhusu sifa kama shadda, kiimbo, matamshi, lafudhi, kidatu na toni. Kwa mujibu wa swali hili nitarejelea shadda na kiimbo.
KIINI
Shadda/mkazo
Ni utaratibu wa utamkaji wa maneno ambapo silabi fulani hutamkwa kwa nguvu nyingi zaidi kuliko ilivyo katika silabi nyingine za neno hilohilo. • Mkazo unaweza kuchukuliwa kama kilele cha kupanda na kushuka kwa sauti katika utamkaji wa neno. • Silabi yenye mkazo inakuwa na msikiko mzito zaidi kuliko silabi nyingine za neno hilohilo. • Lugha nyingi hasa za kibantu hazitumii mkazo, Lugha nyingi hutumia toni. Kiswahili sanifu hakitumii toni na zaidi hutumia mkazo.
Kiimbo
Kiimbo ni utaratibu maalumu wa upandaji na ushukaji wa mawimbi ya sauti unaojitokeza katika utamkaji wa lugha fulani. Kiimbo hugawanyika katika aina kadhaa zifuatazo.
Aina za kiimbo
Kiimbo cha maelezo: Kiimbo cha maelezo ni kile ambacho kwa kawaida msemaji wa lugha akiwa kwenye kidatu chochote kile mawimbi sauti ya usemaji wake yanakuwa takriban katika mstari ulionyooka.
Kiimbo cha kuuliza: Kiimbo cha kuuliza hujitokeza kwa kutumia viwango tofauti vya kidatu kutegemeana na aina ya swali linaloulizwa .
Kiimbo cha amri: kiimbo cha amri hakitofautiani sana na kiimbo cha maulizo.Uchunguzi wa kifonetiki, unaonesha kuwa katika kutoa amri, mzungumzaji hutumia kidatu cha juu zaidi kuliko ilivyo katika kiimbo cha maelezo.
HITIMISHO
Fonolojia arudhi ni kipengele muhimu sana katika ubainishaji wa fonimu za lugha kama Kiswahili kwani husaidia sana kutambulisha hisia na hali ya msemaji kwa ujumla.
Mwl Maeda
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