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Maana nne za “Likikupata, patana nalo”

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Maana nne za “Likikupata, patana nalo”
#1
Karibuni nilikuwa kwenye ziara kwenye mataifa mawili ya Kiarabu – Oman iliyo Ghuba na Morocco iliyo Afrika Kaskazini – ambayo yana tafauti nyingi baina yao, lakini pia yana mfanano mkubwa kwenye mtazamo wao kuelekea lugha ya Kiarabu. Watu wa mataifa yote mawili watakuambia sentensi moja inayofanana: “Kiarabu ni lugha kongwe na ya kihisabati!”
Maneno kwenye lugha hii yana maana za kuchanuwa kama ndimi. Kadiri wendavyo mbele, huchomoza maana nyengine kama hisabati za Aljebra na kisha kuungana mwishoni kama hisabati za maumbo.
Nami – kwa fakhari kama yao – nikamuambia mmoja wao pale Marrakesh kuwa Kiswahili ni “lugha ya kimantiki!” Na nilimaanisha. Hata kwa hiki Kiswahili kiitwacho “sanifu” (ambacho ni kipya sana kulinganisha na Viswahili vya kale kwenye upwa huu wa Bahari ya Hindi), basi ukiangalia matumizi yake ya misamiati, utakuta bahari kubwa ya mantiki. Baada ya yote, hisabati na mantiki ni ndimi za tawi moja la ilimu ya falsafa.
Hapa nina mfano wa mantiki kwenye lugha yetu ya Kiswahili kwa kutumia huu msemo “Likikupata, patana nalo!” Nitafafanuwa angalau maana nne zinazokuja kichwani haraka haraka, na kila moja imeungana na kushonana sio tu na mwenziwe, bali pia na utamaduni, mtazamo na tafsiri ya mambo kwenye ulimwengu wa Mswahili. Maana zotenne ninazozifafanuwa hapa zimebebwa na neno “patana”, na kwenye maana zote hizo, hikima yake ni kubwa sana.
La kusisitiza kabla ya kusonga mbele, ni ukweli kwamba kufasili misemo ya lugha fulani, kunampasa mwenye kufanya hivyo, awe kwanza anaujuwa vyema utamaduni wa wenye lugha hiyo na sio kuijuwa misamiati ya lugha yenyewe tu.
Kupatana kwa maana ya kufahamiana
Maana ya kwanza ya neno hilo ni “kufahamiana” kama vile tunaposema “Juma anapatana na Halima, ndiye mtu wake!” Katika maana hii, Mswahili anapokuambia “Likikupata patana nalo”, huwa anakusudia kuwa ukikabiliwa na tatizo, kitu cha kwanza ni kulifahamu hilo jambo “nalo likakufahamu”, ukalijuwa, likakujuwa – mukapatana wewe nalo.
Nilikuja kujuwa baadaye nilipokuwa nasoma taaluma ya Saikolojia chuoni kwenye mada ya “Utatuzi wa Matatizo” kwamba kujihusisha na tatizo na kujipa muda wa kulifahamu, basi huwa hatua kubwa mno kwenye utatuzi wake, maana wapatanao ndio wafahamianao na wafahamianao ndio wawezanao! Kwa falsafa yao, tangu hapo kale Waswahili walishaujuwa ukweli huu.
Kupatana kwa maana ya “kushikamana”
Maana ya neno “patana” kwenye msemo huu ni ile inayokusudia “kushikamana”. Katika udogo wangu, nakumbuka, nilikuwa na marafiki zangu wawili wakubwa – Hafidh na Seif. Mmoja anapotoka kwenda kucheza alikuwa akiwapitia wenziwe majumbani kwao, na kauli ambayo mama yangu mara nyingi ilikuwa ikimtoka akielezea utokaji na matendo yetu ilikuwa ni: “Sasa majichwa yashapatana hapo, basi wataingia hapa usiku!”
Mama yetu alikuwa hamaanishi tu kuwa kila mmoja kati ya mimi na Seif na Hafidh kampata mwenzake, bali pia kwamba tunashikamana kwelikweli na la mmoja na la wote.
Tafsiri nyengine ya hali hii huambiwa ni “kuendana” ama “kulandana” na mote humo huwekea mkazo kwenye maana ya awali ya kushikamana, na kwa pamoja zinaelezea mantiki iliyomo kwenye msemo wetu huu kwa Waswahili. Kwamba wahenga waliliangalia jambo (tatizo) linalompata mtu kwenye kiwango cha kulidogosha na kulifanya kiwango chake mtu.
Hata kama ni kubwa kiasi gani, tatizo hilo unapaswa kulishusha kwenye makamu yako, muangaliane usoni, mutazamane, muendane, mulandane. Usilikubwishe kama dunia, maana si kubwa hivyo, “kubwa ni lijalo” wasemavyo kwenye msemo mwengine. Hivi ndivyo Mswahili hasa anavyoyaangalia matatizo yaliyopo mbele yake, kama wasemavyo Waswahili wa Pemba: “Shida ndiyo ichekwayo!”
Kupatana kwa maana ya “kutafuta njia ya kati na kati”
Maana ya tatu ya neno “patana” ni ile iliyomo kwenye utamaduni mkongwe kabisa wa Waswahili wa huko huko “kupatana” kwenyewe.
Miongoni mwa shughuli kuu za wenyeji wa pwani ya Afrika Mashariki, ambao ndio Waswahili wenyewe, ni biashara na, kwa sababu hiyo, wana utamaduni maalum, mkubwa na mkongwe wa kuuza na kununua. La kupatana ni mojawapo ya yaliyomo kwenye utamaduni huo, ambapo muuzaji hukuanzia bei ya juu kabisa, nawe mshitiri ukaanza ya chini kabisa ya kitu munachotaka kuuziana na halafu wawili nyinyi munafika bei ya katikati ambayo haina madhara kwa mwenye mali wala haikuumizi mnunuzi.
Sanaa hii imo kwenye taaluma za kisasa za utatuzi wa matatizo (kwa majina tafauti), baina ya pande mbili zinazokinzana, ambapo miafaka au maridhiano hufikiwa. Kusaka njia ya kati na kati kumehimizwa sana hata kwenye imani ya kidini inayofuatwa na Waswahili – Uislamu, ambapo kwenye moja ya hadithi za Mtume Muhammad (S.A.W) inasemwa: “Ubora wa mambo ni wastani wake, yaani katikati yake” (Afdhalul umuur, auswaa’tuhaa)
Mswahili anapokumbwa na jambo, anahimizwa na wahenga wake kukabiliana nalo kwa njia ya muafaka na maridhiano, kusaka njia ya kati na kati, na ambayo wakati mwengine huchukuwa muda mrefu kabla ya suluhisho lake, lakini linapopatikana huwa kweli suluhisho la kudumu.
Matokeo ya mantiki hii ni kuwa kuna misemo mengine mingi inayoisaidia, kama vile: “Uji mmoto hupembwapembwa kwa ncha ya ulimi”, “Polepole ndio mwendo”, “Bandu bandu humaliza gogo” na kadhalika.
Kupatana kwa maana ya “kukabiliana”
Maana ya mwisho kwa leo ya neno hilo imo kwenye mshindo wa ujasiri walionao Waswahili mbele ya mambo yanayowapata, nayo ni “kukabiliana” ama “kuandamana” na jambo lenyewe. Uswahili haimaanishi ugoigoi wala unyonge mbele ya changamoto za maisha, bali unamaanisha ushujaa na ukakamavu kwa kiwango chochote cha busara ambacho mtu anaweza kuwa nacho.
Katika maana hii, wahenga wanamtaka mwenye kupatwa na jambo kuinuka na kulikabili jambo hilo pamba-mbavu, jua na mvua, usiku na mchana, mpaka atakapolifikisha ukomo wake.
Ndio maana ya kutakiwa apatane nalo, yaani naye alipate. “Mtenda mtende” husemwa kwenye msemo mmoja, ambao nao unashadidia nukta hii ya “andamana” na jambo lenyewe. Kwa mfano, Mswahili anaposema “Fulani kanipata kwelikweli!” huwa anakusudia huyo fulani amemuumiza au amemtenda jambo, kisha naye huapa: “Lakini muache, naye nitampata!” kwa maana ya kwamba naye atakuja amtende kama alivyotendwa yeye.
Kwa hivyo, nawe “Likikupata, patana nalo”.
Mwl Maeda
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Maana nne za “Likikupata, patana nalo” - by MwlMaeda - 07-30-2021, 11:43 AM

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