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SIFA ZA LUGHA YA TAIFA NA LUGHA RASMI

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SIFA ZA LUGHA YA TAIFA NA LUGHA RASMI
#1
Lugha ya taifa ni lugha au lahaja iliyoteuliwa miongoni mwa lahaja nyingi zilizopo katika jamiilugha fulani iliyopo katika eneo fulani ili itumike katika mawasiliano ya jamii hiyo. Mara nyingi lugha ya Taifa huteuliwa ili kukidhi haja ya mawasiliano miongoni mwa jamii.
Lugha ya Taifa inakuwa kama nembo ya Taifa husika, hii inachangiwa na suala la lugha ya Taifa kuwa kama kitambulisho cha Taifa husika, kwa mfano, lugha ya Kiswahili nchini Tanzania inakuwa kama nembo ya Taifa, kwa sababu ni sehemu ya utamaduni yaani mila na desturi za Watanzania.
Dhana ya lugha ya Taifa imetumika kiutofauti katika mataifa tofauti tofauti. Kwa kawaida lugha ya Taifa ni lugha kuu, yaani lugha inayotumika katika shughuli za kimahakama, kisiasa, katika ngazi ya Taifa, kwa mfano, nchini Uingereza lugha kuu ni kiingereza lakini ki-welsh kina nafasi yake haswa katika eneo la Wales.
Lugha rasmi ni lugha iliyopewa hadhi maalumu katika nchi fulani, kwa kawaida lugha rasmi ni lugha inayotumiwa haswa na serikali kwa mawasiliano kati ya ofisi zake pia katika matangazo rasmi. Vile vile lugha rasmi ni lugha iliyopewa hadhi maalumu katika eneo fulani au nchi fulani ili itumike katika mazingira maalumu. Mara nyingi lugha rasmi katika Taifa huteuliwa ili itumike kwenye mahakama, bungeni na kwenye shughuli nyinginezo za kiutawala. Lugha inaweza kupewa hadhi maalumu na kuwa lugha rasmi ijapokuwa lugha hiyo haijasambaa eneo kubwa, pia inaweza isiwe na wazungumzaji wengi, kwa mfano, nchini New Zealand Kimaori kiliteuliwa kuwa lugha rasmi mwaka 1987 ijapokuwa lugha hii inazungmzwa na watu wachache.
Katika nchi mbalimbali lugha rasmi imetajwa katika katiba ya Taifa au katika sheria mahususi lakini nchi nyingine hazina sheria juu ya lugha rasmi hata kama hali halisi ipo, kwa mfano, nchini Namibia Kiingereza ni lugha rasmi kufuatana na katiba lakini lugha nyingine pamoja na Kiafrikana na Kijerumani zimetajwa kama lugha za kitaifa zinazoweza kutumiwa pia kama lugha ya mafundisho shuleni.
Zifuatazo ni baadhi ya sifa za jumla za lugha ya Taifa na lugha rasmi:-
Sifa za lugha ya Taifa
– Ni lugha iliyokubalika na wengi katika nchi na inaeleweka na watu wote (wasomi na wasiosoma)
– Ni kiwakilishi cha Taifa katika mawasiliano nje na ndani ya Taifa hilo na pia kitambulisho cha Taifa lenyewe.
– Hutumika kwa namna moja katika makabila mbalimbali ya nchi husika.
– Lugha hiyo ni muhimu iweze kuandikwa katika vitabu na magazeti na iwe inakubalika kutumika katika elimu na fani zingine zisizo za kitaaluma.
– Ni muhimu lugha hiyo iwe ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa nchi husika.
Sifa za lugha rasmi
– Lugha hiyo lazima iwe sanifu.
– Inaweza kuwa lugha ya Taifa au la.
– Haifuati kabila au mchanganyiko wa makabila yaliyopo nchini
-Yaweza kuwa lugha ya kigeni kama vile Kiingereza, Kijerumani au Kifaransa, kuchaguliwa au kuteuliwa kwa lugha hiyo hutegemea utawala uliopo.
Zifuatazo ni tofauti zilizopo kati ya Lugha ya Taifa na Lugha rasmi:
Kigezo cha uwanda wa matumizi, Lugha ya Taifa ina uwanda mpana wa matumizi kwani inatumika nchi nzima bila kujali inatumika wapi au eneo gani na nani anayetumia lugha hiyo. Kwa mfano, lugha ya Kiswahili inatumika kuanzia ngazi ya juu ya Taifa lakini lugha rasmi ina uwanda mdogo kimatumizi kwani hutumika katika shughuli maalumu, kwa mfano, katika utawala, ofisini, elimu kuanzia sekondari mpaka Chuo Kikuu, mfano, kiingereza kwa hapa Tanzania.
Tofauti katika maana, Lugha ya Taifa ni lugha iliyokubaliwa kitaifa itumike katika mawasiliano yake, kwa mfano, lugha ya Kiswahili iliteuliwa kuwa lugha ya Taifa mwaka 1964 lakini lugha rasmi ni lugha iliyoteuliwa na kuchaguliwa na serikali itumike katika shughuli za kiserikali, kwa mfano, kiingereza.
Kigezo cha idadi ya watumiaji, Lugha ya Taifa ina idadi kubwa ya watumiaji, kwa mfano, nchini Tanzania lugha ya Kiswahili inatumiwa na idadi kubwa ya watu katika mawasiliano yao wakati lugha rasmi ina idadi ndogo ya watumiaji, kwa mfano, lugha ya Kiingereza inatumiwa na watu wachache.
Kigezo cha ugumu katika matumizi, Lugha ya Taifa sio ngumu sana katika matumizi yake kwa sababu kwanza inatumika katika shughuli za kila siku katika jamii. Pia imewekwa katika mpango wa lugha na inatumika katika shughuli zote maalumu na zisizo maalumu, hivyo mambo haya yanaifanya lugha ya Taifa kuwa rahisi katika matumizi yake, wakati Lugha rasmi inakuwa ngumu kimatumizi kwa watu wengi kwa sababu haitumiki katika shughuli za kila siku na inaweza isitsumike katika elimu na inatumika kwa shughuli maalumu tu.
Tofauti katika malengo au madhumuni, Lugha ya Taifa lengo kuu ni kuwasiliana ndani ya Taifa au kukidhi haja ya mawasiliano katika nchi husika katika nyanja mbalimbali, kwa mfano, kiuchumi, kisiasa, kiutamaduni na kijamii, lakini lugha rasmi lengo lake ni kukidhi haja ya mawasiliano katika shughuli maalumu za kiserikali kama mahakama na ofisi. Kigezo cha utamaduni, lugha ya Taifa ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa nchi husika, lakini lugha rasmi mara nyingi si sehemu ya utamaduni wa jamii husika kwani hukidhi mahitaji ya watu wachache kwa sababu imeteuliwa kutumika katika shughuli maalumu.
Umilisi wa mawasiliano, Lugha ya Taifa mara nyingi watumiaji walio wengi wanakuwa na umilisi wa mawasiliano, kwa mfano, hapa Tanzania lugha ya Kiswahili watumiaji wengi wanaimudu, lakini katika Lugha rasmi watumiaji wanakuwa hawana umilisi wa mawasiliano, kwa mfano, lugha ya kiingereza kwa hapa Tanzania watumiaji wengi hawana umilisi nayo katika mawasiliano.
Kwa kuhitimisha, pamoja na kuwa na tofauti kati ya lugha ya Taifa na lugha rasmi pia zinafanana kwa upande mwingine. Lugha hizi zote hutumika katika shughuli maalumu kama vile mahakamani, bungeni na shughuli nyingine za kiutawala katika nchi. Lugha hizi zote huandaliwa, huratibiwa na kukubaliwa kutokana na mpango wa lugha na sera ya lugha katika nchi husika, pia lugha hizi zote hutumika kukidhi haja ya mawasiliano kutegemeana na uga husika na sehemu husika.
      Marejeo
  • Buliba, A na wenzake (2006), Isimujamii: kwa wanafunzi wa Kiswahili, The Jomo Kenyatta Foundation- Kenya
  • King’ei, K. (2010), Misingi ya Isimu jamii, Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili, Dar es Salaam
  • Msanjila, P.Y na wenzake (2011), Isimujamii, Sekondari na Vyuo TUKI. Dar es Salaam
Mwl Maeda
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SIFA ZA LUGHA YA TAIFA NA LUGHA RASMI - by MwlMaeda - 07-28-2021, 07:55 AM

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