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KISWAHILI NA UTANDAWAZI

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KISWAHILI NA UTANDAWAZI
#1
UTANGULIZI:
Kutokana na mabadiliko ya kila siku yanayotokea katika nchi yetu na nchi za jirani, kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya sayasi na teknolojia inavyozidi kuwa katika nchi za Afrika. Katika karne ya 15. Afrika na ulaya ililuwa sawa kimaisha na kwa maendeleo ya jamii. Lugha ya Kiswahili kwa sasa inakuja juu sana kutokana na maendeleo ya Sayansi na teknolojia.
Kiswahili ni nini?
Ni lugha ambayo inapatikana katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki mwambao wa bahari ya Hindi, katika upwa wa pwani wa mashariki mwa Lamu, Zanzibar pamoja na Pate, kwa hali hiyo lugha ya Kiswahili ilikuwa inatumika ukanda wa pwani, na siyo kote. Mahamoud Yassir (2008).
Ni lugha ya lahaja ambayo imesanifiwa kutokana na Lahaja ya Kiunguja na kuweza kuongelewa na watu mbalimbali katika upwa wa Afrika Mashariki kabla ya kuja kwa Waarabu. Kutokana na maelezo haya tunaona kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili ni lugha iliyotokana na lahaja ya Kiunguja katika miaka hiyo, Mudhihir Mudhihir (2009).
Utandawazi ni nini?
Kulingana na Sullivan (1994) anasema: Utandawazi ni ule usambaaji wa maswala mbalimbali kama vile biashara, mawasiliano, utamaduni nk. Kutokana na kiwango cha taifa hadi cha kimataifa. Akifafanua zaidi yeye anasema kuwa ni ule usambaaji wa maswala kama haya nje ya mipaka ya kitaifa kwa kipindi cha miaka 20 iliyopita.
Naye Mwaro (2001) anasema: Utandawazi una maana ya mtando ambao huleta mtengamano wa kimataifa, na vilevile ongezeko la haraka la ubadilishanaji wa maarifa katika eneo pana. Akiongezea yeye anafafanua Utandawazi ni nguvu zinazougeuza ulimwengu na kuufanya kama kijiji haswa kupitia upanuzi wa Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (TEKNOHAMA – TEHAMA).
Ryanga (2002) anasema: Utandawazi ni utambuzi wa mataifa ya ulimwengu kuwa lazima yafanye kazi pamoja na yashirikiane kibiashara, kiteknolojia na katika kufanya maamuzi yanayoathiri ulimwengu.
Kwa ufupi Utandwazi, unahusu ushirikiano wa kimataifa katika maswala mbalimbali yanayohusiana na siasa, biashara, uchumi, michezo nk. Kwa sasa ushirikiano huwezeshwa na Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (TEKNOHAMA – TEHAMA) ambayo imeunganisha ilimwengu mzima kimawasiliano.
HISTORIA KUHUSIANA NA UTANDAWAZI
Katika karne ya 15, hali ya utandawazi ndiyo ilikuwa inaanza kutokana historia yake. Afrika na Ulaya kimaendeleo yalikuwa sawasawa, kutokana na kupitia mabadliko mbalimbali katika jamii. Karne ya ishirini na moja kwa kweli ni muhimu katika historia ya ulimwengu mzima. Hii ni karne ambayo imeshuhudia kuingia kwa utandawazi kwa kiwango cha juu sana ikilinganishwa na karne zingine zilizopita. Kwa hakika, utandawazi si tukio jipya ulimwenguni bali umekuwepo kwa karne nyingi japo kwa viwango vya chini ikilinganishwa na karne hii ya ishirini na moja. Kuingia kwa utandawazi kumeleta maingiliano ya hali ya juu ya mataifa ulimwenguni. Kama asemavyo Ryanga (2002), utandawazi umeleta maingiliano kati ya mataifa yaliyoendelea na yale ambayo yanaendelea na pia kati ya mataifa makubwa na yale madogo. Hapa Afrika, kama ilivyo katika mabara mengine ulimwenguni, utandawazi tayari umeingia na kuanza kushika mizizi kwa dhati. Hali ikiwa hivi, lazima bara hili litafute namna ya kunufaika kutokana na utandawazi. Kwa ufupi, makala haya yanalenga kulijadili swala la Kiswahili na utandawazi na jinsi maswala haya mawili yanavyoweza kuchangia katika kuleta umoja wa Afrika.
KISWAHILI NA UTANDAWAZI
Utandawazi ulianza kuingia katika wakati wa utawala wa kikoloni karne ya 15. Ambao ulianza kusababisha mabadiliko katika lugha ya Kiswahili mfano, dini, biashara, utawala na elimu, vilisaidia kukuza na kueneza lugha ya Kiswahili. Utawala wa kikoloni uliambatana na kuanzishwa na vyombo vya habari, redio, luninga, tovuti na rununu (simu) ambapo kiliimarisha Kiswahili kupata matumizi makubwa.
Kwa sasa mfano mzuri wa lugha kama hii ni lugha ya Kiswahili. Lugha hii ndiyo lugha kutoka barani Afrika ambayo ina matumizi mapana zaidi kuliko lugha nyingine hapa barani na kwingineko. Basi utandawazi unaweza kusambazwa vizuri zaidi kupitia Kiswahili.  Katika kufanya hivi, lugha hii pia itakuwa imefaulu kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kuleta umoja barani Afrika. Bila shaka, bali na umoja wa Afrika, bara hili pia litapata manufaa mengine mengi ikiwa tu utandawazi utayafikia mataifa ya Afrika yakiwa yameungana na kuwa jimbo moja.
Ijapokuwa Kiswahili kimetiliwa shaka na wengi kama lugha ambayo inaweza kutumika katika kupitisha teknolojia mpya zinazoibuka, utafiti uliofanywa umedhirisha kuwa lugha zote ulimwenguni zina uwezo wa kuzimudu teknolojia hizi mpya kwa njia ya uundaji wa msamiati mpya.Mazrui na Mazrui (1995:25). Wanaedelea kufafanua kuwa tayari Kiswahili kimejidhihirisha kuwa lugha ambayo inaweza kuzimudu teknolojia mpya katika nyanja mbali mbali. Kwa mfano, katika nyanja ya sayansi na teknolojia, tayari kuna kamusi za fiskia, biolojia na vile vile msamiati wa uundaji wa magari. Kwa sasa, Kiswahili kinatumika katika mitambo ya tarakilishi. Kwa hakika, mifano hii yote ni dhihirisho tosha kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha ambayo kwa kweli inaweza kuyakabili karibu maswala yote ya kiteknolojia yanayotokea ulimwenguni.
HISTORIA YA KUHUSIANA NA KISWAHILI
Lugha ya Kiswahili kihistoria ni ndefu, Kiswahili kimepata kutumika katika histotia ya upwa, lugha hiyo ilikuwepo takribani miaka elfu moja iliyopita kabla ya wageni kufika upwa wa Afrika Mashariki. Hii inathibitishwa na ushahidi wa kihistoria.
Baada ya ujio wa wageni kutoka bara la Asia, utashi wa kutaka kufanya biashara, uliwalazimu kujifunza na kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili, suala ambalo lilichangia maendeleo ya Kiswahili.
Baada ya Mkutano wa Berlin (1884 – 1855), nchi za Afrika ziliangukia utawala wa Kiingereza (Uganda), na Kijerumani (Tanganyika), ambao walifanya jitihada kubwa katika kuendeleza Kiswahili. Wajerumani walitumia Kiswahili kwa kufundishia katika shughuli mbalimbali mfano Utawala wa chini, Uzalishaji mali na Majeshi. Baada ya vita vya kwanza, Makoloni ya Mjerumani yalichukuliwa na Muingereza, ambaye aliimarisha na kuendeleza matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili kwa ajili ya uzalishaji.
Mwaka 1925, mkutano wa nchi za Afrika mashariki uliitishwa na Gavana, kwa lengo la kutafuta lugha ya kitaaluma. Mwaka 1928 Kiunguja kiliteuliwa kuwa lahaja ya usanifishaji wa Kiswahili. Mwaka 1929 Kiunguja kiliteuliwa kuwa lahaja rasmi, mwaka 1930 iliundwa kamati ya usanifishaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili iitwayo inter-teritorial Swahili language committee. Jitihada ziliendelea mpaka baada ya huru. Mwaka 1962 Tanganyika ilifanya jitihada za msinngi za kukifanya Kiswahili kutumika kama lugha rasmi mnamo Sept. 1962. Mwaka 1964 Kiswahili kilipandishwa na kuwa lugha ya taifa na 1965 kama lugha ya kufundishia shule za msingi, ilifuatana na uimarishaji wa taasisi na asasi za Kiswahili mfano TUKI ambayo hivi leo inajulikana kama (TATAKI), TAKILUKI, na BAKITA. Mpaka hivi leo Kiswahili kimeweza kuwekwa katika katiba ya Tanzania ingawa sera ya lugha haijaweza kukisimamia kama lugha ya taifa ikichangiwa na ukosefu wa utashi wa kisiasa kuamini kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha inayojitosheleza.
Mwl Maeda
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KISWAHILI NA UTANDAWAZI - by MwlMaeda - 07-15-2021, 06:53 PM

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