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KAMUSI NA URAFIKI WAKE KWA MTUMIAJI

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KAMUSI NA URAFIKI WAKE KWA MTUMIAJI
#1
Usuli wa Wa mada. Lengo la makala haya ni kuangazia maana, aina na sababu zinzojenga urafiki wa msomaji na kamusi husika.
Masogora wa lugha hukubaliana kuwa Kamusi ni kitabu chenye mkusanyiko na mpangilio sahihi wa msamiati wa lugha uliofasiliwa maana zake kwa ufasaha kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watumia lugha husika kuwasiliana kila leo. BAKIZA (2010)TUKI, (2013) Mdee ( 2011) Massamba (2013)
Kihistoria utengenezaji wa kamusi ulianza siku nyingi yasemekana miaka ya 1600 huko Ulaya hasa katika nchi ya Mesopotamia (sasa Iraq).
Utunzi huo wa kamusi ulianza kwa mtindo wa faharasa (orodha ya maneno magumu katika lugha na maana zake) ambapo mwingiliano wa kiiraq na kilatini pamoja na ligha zingine za huko ulaya ulisababisha wanajamii wa Mesopotamia waanze kuichambua misamiati yote ya kilatini na kutafutia maana zake.
Harakati hizo za kutengeza faharasa zilimea si tu katika Mesopotamia bali hata katika jamii nyingine za ulaya uingereza ikiwemo huku zikisaidia kujifunza lugha za kigeni kwa wanajamii.
Kfikia karne ya kumi na saba sura ya faharasa ilianza kubadilika na kuwa katika mfumo wa maneno mchanganuiko yaani maneno magumu na yale ya kawaida hasa misimu.
Kamusi ya kwanza kujumuisha msamiati wa mtaani na ule mgumu iliandikwa na bw. Johnson (1755), Kessy (1702) na wanaleksigrafia wengine wa kiingereza walifuatia hasa kwa kuziba mapengo ya kamusi hizo za awali kuandikwa.
AINA ZA KAMUSI
Katika kuainisha Kamusi wanaisimu leksikografia hutumia vigezo mbali mbali kama ionekanavyo hapo chini;

Kigezo cha lugha zilizotumika kuunda kamusi husika. Hapa zipo kamusi za lugha moja na huitwa Wahidiya, za lugha mbili huitwa tathirita mfano Kiswahilo- Kingereza na zile za lugha zaidi ya mbili huitwa kamusi Mahuluti.
Kigezo cha ukubwa zipo kamusi au makundi matatu ya kamusi yaani Kamusi ndogo huwa na maneno yasiyozidi 100000. Kamusi ya kati huwa na vidahizo si zaidi ya 25000 na Kamusi kubwa ni ile yenye vidahizo zaidi ya 50000.
Kwa hakika vigezo ni vingi kv uwanja wa taaluma, walengwa na wakati ilipotungwa.
SABABU ZINAZOIFANYA KAMUSI IWE NA WASOMAJI WENGI.
1. Uwepo wa taarifa muhimu zinazokidhi haja ya Wasomaji.
2. Fasili za vidahizo kutokuwa za mzunguko kiasi cha kumchosha msomaji.
3. Uwepo wa vielelezo k.v picha , grafu na ramani zinazojazia maelezo ya vidaizo katika kamusi ua lugha husika.
4. Kamusi kuandaliwa na wanasayansi wa lugha wakishirikiana na wadau mbali mbali k.v wanajamii na wahariri nguli wa lugha.
5. Kamusi kuwa na aina na makundi tofauti tofauti ya vidahizo okiwemo maneno ya mtaani.
Hata hivyo pamoja na sifa hizo bora za kamusi bado ipo changamoto kubwa hasa kwa waandoshi wa kamusi ambao huandika kwa lengo la kuhifadhi lugha lskini pia kwa ajili ya kujipatia mkate hivyo kutokana na jamii kutokuwa na utamaduni wa kusoma mssndiko hasa vitabu na kamusi waandishii hukata tamaa na hivyo kuacha kuunda kamusi. Halii hii hufisha lugha na utamaduni kwa ujumla.
MAREJEO:
BAKIZA 2010

KAMUSI YA KISWAHILI SANIFU 2012 TUKI
Mdee, J.S, 2011. Nadharia ya lekskografia
Mwl Maeda
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KAMUSI NA URAFIKI WAKE KWA MTUMIAJI - by MwlMaeda - 06-29-2021, 09:12 PM

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