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Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi Kimu

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Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi Kimu
#1
Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi Kimu
Aa
asidi jani ji folic acid: aina ya vitamini B ipatikanayo katika majani inayotumika kutibu upungufu wa damu (anemia)
asidi nikotini ji nicotinic acid: asidi inayosaidia usanisi na uyeyushaji wa sukari. Hupatikana katika nyama, samaki na karanga.
Bb
beriberi ji beriberi: ugonjwa unaotokana na ukosefu wa vitamini B1 ambapo neva husika hazifanyi kazi, hasa miguuni, na mtu hushindwa kutembea.
biokemia ji biochemistry: kemia inayohusu viumbehai.
bwana/bibi shamba ji extension worker: mshauri wa kilimo anayetoa ushauri kwa wakulima kitaalamu.
Cc
choo sanifu ji improved pit latrine: aina ya choo cha shimo chenye fursa ya bomba la kutolea harufu.
chuma ji iron: 1. madini ambayo ni muhimu mwilini kwa ajili ya kutengeneza damu. Hupatikana katika maini, figo, nyama, samaki, karanga, matembele, n.k. 2. metali ngumu inayotumiwa kuunda vitu, k.m., mashine, ngao, nondo, pao, injini, n.k.
Dd
daktari wa akili ji psychiatrist: mganga wa magonjwa ya kuharibikiwa na akili.
dawachanjo ji vaccination: dawa ya kuchanja, mara nyingi ni sumu au vimelea vilivyotenguliwa nguvu. Dawa hii hutengeneza kinga kwa magonjwa kama vile ya ndui, polio, pepopunda, kifaduro, n.k.
Ee
elimuafya ji health education: mchakato wa kupatiwa mafunzo ili kuendeleza na kustawisha siha.
elimulishe ji nutrition education: mchakato wa kupatiwa mafunzo ili kuendeleza lishe (chakula bora).
elimusiha ji hygiene: sayansi inayohusika na usafi wa mwili na makazi.
Ff
florini ji fluorine: madini yaliyo kundi moja na klorini, nayo ni sumu kali yenye rangi njanokijani. Husaidia kutakasa meno na kuyakinga na uozaji. Ziada ya madini haya majini husababisha meno kuwa na rangi ya kutu (meno mshuku)
fotoksini ji photoxin: sumu ya kufukiza inayotumiwa katika maghala yasiyopitisha hewa ili kuua wadudu.
fukusi ji weevil: aina ya wadudu wadogo ambao hushambulia nafaka na kundekunde.

fukuzi
Gg
ghalabanda ji corn maize crib: aina ya ghala inayojengwa kama banda ili kuhifadhi nafaka.

ghalabanda
Hh
hadubini ji microscope: chombo chenye lenzi inayofanya vitu vidogo sana vionekane vikubwa.

hadubini
haiba ji personality: hali ya umbo na matendo ambayo mtu humtambulisha na kumpambanua na wengine.
hamira ji yeast: dutu inayofanya unga uliokandwa uumke (chachu).
Ii
idadi ya watu ji population: makisio ya jumla ya watu katika eneo au nchi.
iodini ji iodine: madini yanayosaidia tezi za koromeo kufanya kazi yake ya kurekebisha mataboli mwilini.
Jj
jikosanifu ji sandard cooker: jiko lililotengenezwa kwa bati, udongo wa mfmyanzi na mchanga; nalo hupunguza matumizi ya kuni na mkaa.

jikosanifu
jungu ji big pot: chombo cha kuhifadhia nafaka, nacho hutengenezwa kwa udongo wa mfinyanzi.

jungu
Kk
kabohidrati ji carbohydrate: kirutubisho cha kuleta joto na kutia nguvu mwilini kinachopatikana katika uwanga, sukari, selulosi, n.k.
kadhiasabababishi ji causal factors: jambo linaloleta mchakato wenye athari (matokeo) fulani. Kwa mfano, ukosefu wa vitamini, protini, kabohidrati ni kadhiasababishi za utapiamlo.
kadi ya afya ji health card: kadi maalumu ya kliniki inayotumika kuonyesha maendeleo ya afya ya mtoto.
kalisiamu ji calicium: madini laini nyeupe yenye alama Ca. Madini hii husaidia kujenga meno na mifupa, na hupatikana kwa uwingi katika maziwa.
kano ji ligament: nyuzi zenye nguvu zilizo katika minofu ya mwili.
karantini ji quarantine: hali ya kuzuiliwa kwa watu, mifugo, au mimea ili kuepukana na ugonjwa wa kuambukiza.
kansa ji cancer: ugonjwa unaotambulika kama kitu cha sumu kinachoota kwa ndani katika sehemu ya mwili, kama vile mguuni, katika ziwa la mwanamke, tumboni n.k.
kemia ji chemistry: sayansi inayohusu muundo wa vitu na jinsi vinavyoathiriana.
kemia lishe ji food chemistry: kemia inayotathmini vimtubisho vya chakula.
kemia tiba ji clinical chemistry: kemia inayohusiana na utengenezaji dawa za kutibu magonjwa.
kifukuzi ji repellant: dawa inayowafanya wanyama, hasa wadudu, wakimbie kutoka mahali ilipofukizwa.
kibenge ji aina ya ghala ya mviringo iliyojengwa kwa miti na kuzibwa kwa fito au kwa kusuka mianzi au nyasi.
kibenge
kijongozi ji seamer: chombo au mashine inayoshona vipande vya ngozi, nguo au plastiki.
kilimo ji agriculture: shughuli za kutayarisha ardhi, kustawisha mimea, na ufugaji.
kilimo cha kisasa ji modern agriculture: kilimo cha kutumia mashine na pembejeo.
kilimo cha umwagiliaji ji irrigation farming: kilimo cha kutumia maji ya mifereji na mabomba.
kilimojadi ji traditional farming: kilimo cha kutumia zana za mikono.
kilindo ji chombo cha kuhifadhia nafaka mfano wa pipa ambalo hutengenezwa kwa kutumia magamba ya miti.
kinga ji immunity: hali ya asili ya kiumbe ambayo humwezesha kujikinga na maradhi hasa ya kuambukiza.
kirutubisho ji nutrient: kemikali au kiini chakula kinachosaidia kuimarisha mwili. Virutubisho hujenga mwili, huupatia nguvu na joto, na kuulinda.
kiseyeye ji scurvy: ugonjwa wa fizi au meno unaotokana na ukosefu wa vitanuni C.
kitamizi ji incubator: mashine ya kutia fukuto mayai mpaka kutotoa vifaranga.
kituo cha afya ji health centre: mahali ambako watu huenda kwa madhumuni ya kupata matibabu; kuchunguzwa afya zao; na kupatiwa ushauri wa matibabu na waganga.
kituo cha kutunzia watoto ji day care centre: mahali pa kuwaweka watoto wadogo wakati wa mchana, wazazi wao wakiwa kazini.
kiuamchwa ji chlorodame: sumu ya kuulia mchwa. Sumu nyingine ni aldrin na dieldrin.
kiuapanya ji rodenticide: sumu ya kuulia panya.
kiua wadudu ji insecticide: kitu kitumikacho kuulia wadudu. Viuawadudu vipo vya aina kubwa tatu: vya tumboni, vya kugusana, na vya kufukiza.
kliniki ji clinic: kituo cha wagonjwa wa nje kitumikacho kwa ajili ya kufanyia uchunguzi na matibabu maalumu.
Ll
laza kt admit: pokea na weka mgonjwa hospitalini kwa ajili ya matibabu.
lishe ji nutrition: sayansi inayohusu chakula na tathmini ya virutubisho mwilini.
Mm
maabara ji laboratory: chumba au jengo la kufanya uchunguzi na majaribio ya kisayansi.
madini ji minerals: virutubisho ambavyo husaidia mwili kutengeneza damu na kujenga mifupa, meno, na kucha.
mafuta madini ji mineral oil: mafuta yanayotokana na madini. Ni tofauti na yale yanayotokana na mimea au wanyama.
maji madini ji mineral water: maji ya chemchemi yenye madini mbalimbali.
malathioni ji malathion: aina ya sumu ya unga inayotumika kuhifadhi mtama ulioputwa.
matege ji rickets: ugonjwa wa kupinda miguu unaowapata watoto wadogo kutokana na ukosefu wa vitamuni D.
mazao ji crops: mavuno yanayotokana na mimea iliyopandwa.
mazao ya biashara ji cash crops: mavuno yanayouzwa ili kujipatia fedha, kama vile, pamba, kahawa, mkonge, korosho, n.k.
mazao ya chakula ji food crops: mavuno yanayotumika kwa chakula, kama vile mahindi, muhogo, mpunga, n.k.
mazao ya ukame ji drought resistant crops: mimea isiyohitaji maji mengi ili kukua, kama vile, mtama, uwele, ulezi na mihogo.
mbawakawa ji beetle: mmojawapo ya aina nyingi za wadudu wenye mbawa ngumu.

mbawakawa
mboji ji humus: mbolea yenye rangi nyeusi ambayo imetokana na kuoza kwa viumbe, (k.m., majani, wadudu, wanyama, n.k.).
mbolea asilia ji natural fertilizer: aina ya rutuba ya udongo inayotokana na samadi au mboji.
mbolea kemikali ji chemical fertilizer: aina ya rutuba ya udongo inayotengenezwa kiwandani.
mchachuko ji fermentation: mbadiliko wa kikemikali unaotokea kwenye dutu za kikaboni kwa kutendana na viumbe hai kama chachu, bakteria, n.k., kwa utendano uliosababishwa na vimeng’enya vyake.
meno awali ji milk teeth: seti ya mwanzo ya meno ya wanyama wa ngeli mamalia ambayo baadaye hung’oka yote na yakaota meno ya kudumu.
metaboli ji metabolism: hali ya jumla inayohusika na ujenzi na uvunjajivunjaji wa kemikali mwilini.
mjamzito ji expectant mother: mwanamke mwenye mimba.
mkunga wa jadi ji traditional midwife: mama anayezalisha wajawazito, hususan vijijini.
mlo kamili ji balanced diet: chakula chenye aina zote za virutubisho.
msaada wa kwanza ji first aid: huduma ya awali anayopata mtu aliyefikwa na matatizo ya ghafla ya afya kabla hajapelekwa hospitalini.
msuli ji muscle: mkusanyiko wa nyuzi za kano au kono za nyama ndani ya mwili wa baadhi ya viumbe.
Nn
nafaka ji cereal: vyakula vya punjepunje kama vile mtama, mpunga, mahindi, mawele, ngano, n.k.
neva ji nerve: mshipa wa fahamu ambao hupokea na kupeleka habari kati ya ubongo na sehemu nyingine za mwili.
njiti ji premature baby: mtoto aliyezaliwa kabla ya miezi tisa.
nyongea ji marasmus: maradhi yanayowakabili watoto wenye umri chini ya miaka mitano yanayotokana na ukosefu wa virutubisho vya kutia nguvu mwilini, hasa mafuta na uwanga.
nyonyochupa ji formula feeding: utaratibu wa kumnyonyesha mtoto maziwa ya unga yaliyokorogwa au maziwa mabichi yaliyochemshwa ya ng’ombe, mbuzi, n.k.
nyonyotiti ji breast feeding: utaratibu wa kumnyonyesha mtoto maziwa ya mama yake.
Oo
opoa ji resuscitate: rejeshea mtu fahamu zake.
Pp
pareto ji pyrethrum: aina ya maua yanayotumika kutengeneza sumu itumikayo kunyunyizwa kwenye maharagwe ua mazao mengine ili kuua wadudu.
pelagra ji pellagra: ugonjwa unaotokana na ukosefu wa vitamini B7, na husababisha ngozi ya mwili kubabuka.
pembejeo za kilimo ji agricultural inputs: mahitaji muhimu katika kufanikisha kilimo ikiwa ni pamoja na zana za kilimo; mbolea, sumu za kuulia wadudu, maji na utaalamu.
protini ji protein: kirutubisho cha kujenga mwili kinachopatikana katika nyama, ute wa yai, samaki, n.k. ambacho ni mchanganyiko wa kaboni, hidrojeni, oksijeni, chuma, n.k.
protini mimea ji plant protein: virutubisho vyenye kujenga mwili vinavyopatikana kutokana na mimea ambavyo kwa kawaida sio kamili.
protini nyama ji animal protein: virutubisho vyenye kujenga mwili vinavyopatikana kutokana na kula vyakula vya nyama mbalimbali.
Rr
riboflavini B2 ji riboflavin B2: vitamini ambayo husaidia kuzipa seli za mwili nguvu, nayo hupatikana kwenye maharagwe, nyama, samaki, maziwa na mboga.
rovu ji goitre: ugonjwa wa kuvimba tezi la shingo unaosababishwa na ukosefu wa iodini.
Ss
sayanslmelea ji parasitology: sayansi ya uchunguzi wa vimelea.
shigiti ji storage bin for shelled maize: ghala linalotengenezwa kwa matete yaliyosukwa na kuinuliwa kutoka chini ya ardhi kwa mihimili mifupi.

shigiti
supu ji soup: chakula cha majimaji kinachotayarishwa kwa kuchemsha nyama, samaki, mboga, n.k.
Tt
tezi ji gland: sehemu ya mwili inayotengenezwa na kuhifadhi kemikali ambayo huchukuliwa na damu, na kuleta mabadiliko fulanifulani mwilini.
thiamini B1 ji thiamine B1: vitamini inayozuia beriberi; nayo hupatikana katika maharagwe, samaki, nafaka, n.k.
tibalishe ji nutritionai rehabilitation: marekebisho ya afya za watoto walioathiriwa na utapiamlo.
Uu
uachishaji ji weaning: utaratibu wa kumzoesha mtoto chakula cha ziada mbali ya maziwa ya mama.
uchambuzi ji analysis: upembuzi au upambanuzi.
uchanja ji mahali pa juu palipojengwa kwa miti kwa ajili ya kuwekea vitu aghalabu vyombo au chakula.
uchuzaji ji observation: udadisi wajambo kwa makini makubwa ili kujua undani wake.
udumavu ji growth retardation: hali ya kuvia kwa mwili na akili.
ulajimimea ji phytophagy: tabia ya viumbe kuishi kwa kula mimea.
ukame ji drought: hali ya jua kali na ukosefu wa mvua kwa muda mrefu hadi husababisha mazao, watu na wanyama kufa kwa njaa. Baadhi ya mazao, kama vile, mtama, uwele na mhogo yanahimili ukame.
umeng’enyaji ji digestion: uvunjaji wa chakula mwilini kwa kutumia kimeng’enya maalum.
unga wa kuokea ji baking powder: unga ambao ukipashwa moto au ukilowanishwa huunda viputo vya hewa (k.m., katika unga wa ngano) ili kuufanya uumke.
unyafuzi ji kwashiokor: ugonjwa wa watoto walio chini ya umri wa miaka minne unaotokana na ukosefu wa virutubisho vya aina ya protini katika mlo.
upofu usiku ji night blindness: ugonjwa utokanao na ukosefu wa vitamini A ambao humsababisha mtu kushindwa kuona vizuri usiku au kwenye gizagiza.
usafi mazingira ji environmental sanitation: uwekaji wa mazingira katika hali safi ili kuepuka madhara mbalimbali.
ushauri ji counselling: utaratibu wa kumpa mtu rai au nasaha kuhusu jambo linalomtatiza ili apate muelekeo wa kufana katika kuamua hatua ya kuchukua.
utapiamlo ji malnutrition: ukosefu wa lishe bora usababishao mwili kushindwa kuhimili magonjwa.
uvutishaji hewa ji artificial respiration: kitendo cha kumsaidia mtu aweze kupumua tena kwa kumpulizia hewa mapafuni kupitia puani na mdomoni.
uwanga ji starch: kabohidrati inayoupatia mwili joto na nguvu. Vyakula vya uwanga ni mhogo, viazi, mkate, ugali, wali, keki, n.k.
uzazi wa mpango ji family planning: utaratibu wa kuzaa watoto kwa kuacha muda wa kutosha kati ya mtoto mmoja na mwingine.
Vv
vitamini ji vitamin: virutubisho mbalimbali vya kulinda mwili dhidi ya magonjwa na kuusaidia ukue. Vitamini huitwa kwa alfabeti A, B, C, D, E, G, H, K, n.k.
vitamini A ji vitamin A: aina ya vitamini inayosaidia macho kuona vizuri, huratibu misuli ya moyo, na huifanya ngozi kuwa laini. Hupatikana kwa wingi katika vyakula vya asili ya maziwa, maini, matunda na mboga.
vitamini bandia ji artificial vitamin: vitamini zilizotengenezwa ambazo si asilia.
vitamini C ji vitamin C/assorbic acid: aina ya vitamini inayosaidia kuponyesha vidonda; na kupatikana katika matunda na mboga.
vitamini D ji vitamin D: vitamini inayosaidia kukuza mifupa; na hupatikana katika vyakula vya asili ya maziwa na mwanga wa jua.
Zz
zingizi ji placenta: kondo ya nyuma: kinachotoka tumboni mwa mzazi baada ya mtoto kuzaliwa.
Mwl Maeda
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Vidahizo vya Fani ya Sayansi Kimu - by MwlMaeda - 06-29-2021, 03:15 PM

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