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MALENGA HASA NI MTU WA NAMNA GANI?

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MALENGA HASA NI MTU WA NAMNA GANI?
#1
Hili ndilo suali linalotukabili na tuliloulizwa tulijibu, ili ieleweke hasa iwapo katika hizi zama zetu je, ni kweli kwamba malenga tunao au la?
Nami nilichukuwa dhamana ya kwamba nitalijibu ila nimechelewa kwa kuwa na mimi pia ilikuwa pindi ni mpaka nitafutetafute na niulizeulize kutoka kwa wazee wetu huku.
Suala hili limeonekana kuwa na uzito wa kiasi kwani iwapo twatakiwa kueleza hasa huyu malenga ni mtu wa namna gani basi hatupaswi kujibu tu, ila ni mpaka pia tuchimbe na tuingie ndani kwa kina.
Inavyosemekana na kuaminika miongoni mwa wenyeji ni kwamba Malenga ni mtunzi aliye kwasika na stadi wa mashairi na nyimbo.
[Image: ushairi.jpg]
Utunzi wa mashairi na nyimbo kamwe haujawa ni jambo la rahisi na ndipo ikawa wale waliyopatikana kuwa ni wajuzi wa hayo, mara nyingi walikuwa sio wengi ijapokuwa kwenye kutizama tunaona ya kwamba wapo chungu nzima hao wenye kuandika na kutunga mashairi na nyimbo.
Katika jamii ya Waswahili utunzi wa mashairi unahesabika kuwa ni katika mojawapo ya kunga kuu za lugha, yaani ni siri iliyomuhitaji mpaka mtu apate fundi na mwalimu wa kumfunza na kumwezesha ili naye apate kufaulu hadi akaitwa fundi na malenga.
Tukitizama hivi leo tutaona ya kwamba ushairi kama usanii, fani au kunga basi huwa ni sharti mtunzi awe na kipawa maalum, pamoja na ujuzi na maarifa mengi ambayo bila shaka atakiwa awe ameyapata katika kipindi cha muda mrefu baada ya kufunzwa au kujifunza na kujifanyia mazoezi ya mara kwa mara yeye mwenyewe.
Hii ndiyo ikawa sababu ya kwamba, pindi likiandikwa, basi shairi huhitaji kuchambuliwa maana, mawazo na matumizi ya lugha.
Katika baadhi ya kunga za ushairi zinazoshikiliwa mojawapo ni kwamba mshairi awe na uwezo wa kutumia maneno yasiyokuwa ya kawaida, na hata akiyatumia yale ya kawaida basi aweze pia kuyapa maana yasiyo ya kawaida, huko ndiko tunakokuita kuyapa koo maneno. Tena iwe kwa maneno machache apate kuvyaza hisi, maana na nahau yenye kina kirefu.
Ujuzi kama huu humuhitaji mshairi pia awe ni mwenye kuufahamu vilivyo msamiati wa lugha ya Kiswahili na maana yake ili asipungukiwe na maneno ya kutosheleza katika kutunga kwake.
Mshairi anatakiwa pia awe na uwezo wa kutumia kipawa chake ili aweze kuwakenga na kuwatinga akili wasikilizaji au wasomaji wake, ingawaje iwe haja yake ni kuyafichua mawazo yaliyomsonga katika dhati ya moyo wake. Tena yawe ni yenye kumtoka kwa tabia pasipo kuwa na kujilazimisha, awe ni mtu anayeweza kuzibadilisha na kuzielekeza akili, fikra na nyoyo za watu kule kutakikaniwako wafuate.
Ilivyokuwa ushairi wa Kiswahili ni kunga, basi wengi walikuwa wakienda kwa hao mafundi wa kutunga ili wakafundishwe nao wawe wajuzi nayo pia.
Sijui kwa kule pande nyengine walioko Waswahili wa yale makabila mengine lakini katika hizi sehemu za kwetu huku kama Malindi, Lamu, Pate na Mombasa (Mvita) ulikuwepo mpango maalum wa kuwatambua washairi na watunzi kulingana na daraja zao walizokuwa.
1. Kwa Wa-Pate walianzia pa:
i. Mwanafundi.
ii. Mshairi.
iii. Jimbi.
iv. Shaha.
v. Shaha wa mashaha.
2. Wa –Amu:
i. Mwanafundi.
ii. Mshairi.
iii. Fundizi.
iv. Shaha.
v. Shaha wa mashaha (mke/mume)
3. Wa-Mvita:
i. Mwanafundi.
ii. Mshairi.
iii. Malenga.
iv. Shaha.
Kitakiwacho tukijuwe hapa ni kwamba hivi leo takriban katika wenzi wetu tungali tuko hapo kwenye daraja ile ya U-Mwanafundi na Mshairi. Aghalabu mtu kuitwa Malenga na Shaha au Sha wa mashaha ilikuwa ni mpaka kuwepo na jopo la kumtawazisha yeye cheo hicho, tena si kwa kuwa ni mtunzi tu, ila na pia awe ameweza kukaa katika mashindano na akawapiku washairi wengine kama yeye. Haya yalikuwa ni mambo yaliyofanywa mbele ya hadhira na kukiwekwa malumbano ya magwiji mbali mbali na mara nyingine wakitoka pia sehemu nyengine za Uswahilini ili kuja kupambana.
Ningependa kueleza pia ni kwa nini hasa magwiji kama akina Sheikh Shaaban Bin Robert, Mathias Mnyapala na wengineo ijapo kuwa wao walikuwa wameandika tumbi na chungu za vitabu na diwani pengine hawakuwahi kupawa tuzo hizo za malenga.
Sababu ya kwanza ilikuwa ni kwamba ushairi ni kunga iliyohitaji ufundi na kutawazwa umalenga kulitokana hasa na jamii ya Waswahili wa kule Mshairi alikotoka. Wa – Amu, Wa – Pate, Wa – Mvita walikuwa wakiwatawaza watunzi na washairi umalenga kulingana na mila na dasturi zao, kwa hivyo iliwajibika moja wapo ya sharia zao ni kwamba huyo atakayetawazwa basi awe ni mwenyeji wa jamii hiyo, pili awe na uwezo wa kutunga kwa lahaja safi ya Waswahili wenyeji wa hapo.
Mashairi mengi ya akina Shaaban Bin Robert, Mnyapala na wengineo yalikuwa kweli ni kwa Kiswahili lakini wao hawakuwa na uwezo au pengine hawakutaka kuzitumia zile lahaja zitakikaniwazo.
Ushahidi wa hayo upo kwa kutizama wale waliotuzwa tuzo za umalenga hasa, Malenga wa Mvita, Malenga wa Vumba, Malenga wa Tumbatu, na Malenga wa Mrima. Wote hao walitumia lahaja zao kutoa diwani zao.
Hatimaye suali tuloulizwa lilikuwa na je, hivi leo kunawezekana kupatikana Malenga?
Suala hilo nitawajibu tu kwa kuwaambia malenga kupatikana upo uwezekano lakini ni katika watu wachache, nao ni wale ambao hadi leo wanaandika wakitumia lahaja safi katika tungo zao. Hawa si uwongo, wako washairi wanaopatikana katika sehemu kama vile za Lamu, Malindi na hata Mvita (Mombasa) wanaoandika kwa lahaja za kwao.
Na pengine nitaulizwa basi ni kwanini iwe hivyo na wapo wanaoandika wakitumia lahaja hata humu? Jawabu nitawaambia ni kwa kuwa wengi wetu ni kuwa twajaribu tu.
Hao wanaoandika wakisema wametumia lahaja wengi wetu tunachanganya na pengine hata hatujui wala hatujielewi ipi ni ipi katika lahaja hizo tunazotumia. Tumezisikia, tukazizowea na kuziandika ila tumechanganya tukaweka mkorogo wa lugha na maneno tukidai tumeandika kwa lahaja.
Ni afadhali kuandika kwa Kiswahili cha sawa sawa ukaweza kueleweka na kuthibitika kuliko kuandika na usijifahamu hata wewe mwenyewe kile ulichokiandika.
Marehemu Mwalimu Omar yeye mwenyewe akikataa kuitwa malenga, na sababu zilikuwa ni kama hizi. Kiswahili cha lahaja ni kigumu na chataka mzoefu na mtu mjuzi wa lahaja hizo.
Ushairi una arudhi na namna zake pia, nazo pia nyengine hazifuatwi sawa sawa siku hizi. Hizi inkisari na mazida tusemayo, twajiandikia na kujiamulia pasina kuzingatia iwapo kuna maneno ya kubadilisha au haja ya kupunguza.
Siku hizi ambapo ushairi umegeuzwa kuwa ni taaluma ya kufundishwa shuleni, basi pia kumekosekana mafundi wanaoyajuwa hayo. Walimu watafundisha walivyosomeshwa wao na kwengine jinsi ilivyoandikwa katika vitabu vyao ila pasipo ufahamu mzuri wala mwelekezi. Hakuna mwenye ujuzi na mambo ya ushairi kwa kina pamoja na sharia zake. 
Minyambuo watu wanaiweka ya ki-namna namna mpaka maneno yao yakawa hayaeleweki. Watu hunyambuwa pale patakikaniwapo na pale paonekaniwapo labda vina havilingani bali ni lazima kuwe na mbinu, sio vivi hivi tu.
Sio kila neno laweza kunyambulika na sio kila neno laweza pia kupunguzwa, sheria lazima zifuatwe. Akomeapo mwenyeji na mgeni koma papo,
Mwl Maeda
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MALENGA HASA NI MTU WA NAMNA GANI? - by MwlMaeda - 11-21-2021, 04:48 PM

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