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FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NA FASIHI KWA KISWAHILI IPI NDO IPI?

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FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NA FASIHI KWA KISWAHILI IPI NDO IPI?
#1
FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NA FASIHI KWA KISWAHILI IPI NDO IPI?
Upo mdahalo ambao umezuka baina ya wahakiki wa fasihi ya Kiswahili kuwa kuna fasihi ya Kiswahili na fasihi kwa Kiswahili.
Washikilizi wa mtazamo huu aghalabu ni wahakiki na waandishi wa fasihi walio na usuli wao uswahilini. Wanadai kuwa fasihi ya Kiswahili  ni kazi zilizoandikwa na waswahili.Waswahili;kwa maana ya wazawa wa tumbo la waswahili au zinazozungumzia utamaduni wa mswahili na lugha ya Kiswahili,wanalosisitiza ni kuwa fasihi ya Kiswahili ni zao la mswahili na wala si Mswahili na kutokana na mtazamo huu wamezuumu kuwa fasihi ya Kiswahili inahusisha riwaya kama vile riwaya ya Kurwa na Doto, Mashairi ya Mwanakupona binti mshamu, kazi ya Mohammed Mwengo (takhmisa ya Liyongo) mashairi ya Said al Nasir (Utenzi wa Al Inkishafi) Utenzi wa Fatuma, mashairi ya Muyaka bin Haji, mashairi ya Mwanalemba, mashairi ya Hasan Maalim Mbega, tungo za Ahmed Sheikh Nabhany  miongoni mwa mengine.
Kwa upande mwingine fasihi kwa Kiswahili ni kazi zote zinazosimuliwa kwa kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili. Mradi kazi imeandikwa kwa Kiswahili ni fasihi ya Kiswahili hata  ingawa haizungumzii tajriba za mswahili.
Mdahalo huu unanifanya niichokonoe tafakuri yangu na kuuhusisha na matukio yaliyojiri katika kongamano la chakama afrika mashairi kule Kigali aliposimama mhadhiri mmoja kutoka unguja na kuwaasa maulamaa wasio na unasaba uswahilini kuwa, kabla ya kuuamua au kutafutia lolote kuhusu Kiswahli wawaulize waswahili mwanzo.
Swali tunaloweza kuibua hapa ni je, mswahili ni nani? na nani mwenye Kiswahili? Je, kijelezi mwafaka cha dhana mswahili, mswahilina, na Kiswahili ni kipi?
Kamusi na wanaisimu wa Kiswahili hawajaweza kutoa tafsili toshelezi inayoeleza dhana hizi na kuzibainisha kinagaubaga. Tafsiri zilizotolewa zinaonesha ukuruba wa karibu mno ulioko katika dhana hizi.
Aidha nadharia na nadharia tete zinazojaribu kubainisha unasaba wa Kiswahili na mswahili zimekuwa na upungufu makubwa. Kwa hiyo wanaisimu wa lugha hii wameishia kuzuumu kuwa Kiswahili sawa na lugha zenza za kiafra ni zao la mamelugha Bantu. Hii ni kutokana na ithibati za kiisismu zilizodhihirishwa na Prof. Malcom Guthrie.
Kutokana na misingi hii hatuwezi kubainisha fasihi ya Kiswahili na fasihi kwa Kiswahili kwa sababu mwanzo dhana ya mswahili na Kiswahili haijatolewa tafsiri maalum wala usuli wa kubainishwa kikamilifu.
Jamii hubadilika kutokana na mitagusano na maingiliano na jamii zenza, kwa hiyo waswahili sawia na jamii yoyote ya kiafrika wameweza kuingiliana na jamii zenza kama vile kimijikenda, kipokombo, kitaita, kiarabu na kadhalika hivyo basi kuufumbata utamaduni badalia kwa sasa hivi tunapozungumzia mswahili, tunamzungumzia mwafrika mkengeushi katika karne ya ishirini na moja. Je, kazi zinazozungumzia maudhui ya mabadiliko ya mwafrika katika karne hii  tutazipuuza na kudai kuwa ni fasihi kwa Kiswahili kwa misingi kuwa hazizungumzii utamaduni wa mswahili? Je, mswahili bado hajabadilika? Na lugha ya Kiswahili, je imebadilika? zipo kazi za riwaya kama vile Safari ya Lamu na Prof. John Habwe inayozungumzia utamaduni wa mswahili katika mazingira ya Kiswahili. Riwaya hii imesawiri pia matumizi ya lahaja za uswahilini katika miktadha au maeneo mbalimbali kwa mfano mhusika anapokuwa Mombasa, Lahaja inayotamalaki ni kimvita lakini anapofika lamu kiamu kinashika usukani. Je, tutaipuuza kazi hii na kudai kuwa si fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa sababu Prof. Habwe ana usuli wake bara licha kwamba kazi hii inaakisi utamaduni wa mswahili katika mazingira ya uswahili.
Prof. Keni Walibora vilevile na siku njema anawatumia wahusika kama vile Zainabu Makame, Kongowea Mswahili, Vumilia binti Abdalla, Seleman Mapunda, Rashid Mpenda Raha ambao majina, uhusika na utamaduni wao ni wa uswahilini mandhari ambayo inatamalaki  katika riwaya hii ni Tanga Tanzania ambapo watu wanazungumza kwa lahaja ya kimtang’ata na Mombasa ambapo kimvita kimeshitadi. Hivyo basi je ni sahihi kusema kuwa hii si fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa kuwa mwandishi ni mzawa wa bara na wala hana mizizi uswahilini?.
Isitoshe mifano waliyotoa hapo juu ya riwaya ya Kurwa na Doto ya M.S. Farsay, Utenzi wa Mwana kupona, Utenzi wa Al-inkishafi imejiegemeza mno uarabuni na kujengwa kwa kaida za uislamu kwa hiyo haiakisi mia fil mia utamaduni wa mswahili ambao ni utamaduni wa mwafrika.
Aidha waandishi wengi na wahadhiri wanaoendeleza fasihi ya Kiswahili k.m Keni Walobora, E. Kezilahabi, Shabaan Bin Robert, Faraji Katalambula, K.W.Wamitila, Kethaka Wa Mberia, Prof. Senkoro, Mugyabuso Mulinzi Mulokozi, Kimani Njogu, Rocha Chimera, Chacha Nyaigoti Chacha, Joram Kiango na wengi wanausuli wao bara. Je, kazi zao si fasihi ya Kiswahili kutokana na unasaba wao?
Kwa mtazamo wangu ninaweza kusema kuwa wahakiki wa mtazamo huu ni wale waliozua nadharia tete kuwa Kiswahili kilitokana na kiarabu kwa kutaka kujinasibisha na uarabu na kuukwepa uafrika. Hivi ndivyo inavyodhihirika katika uteuzi wao wa kazi wanazoziita Fasihi ya Kiswahili zile zilizokitwa kwa misingi ya dini ya kiislamu na utamaduni wa uarabuni zimependelewa zaidi.
Swala hili la watu kutaka kusawiriwa waswahili zaidi ya  wengine au kukimiliki Kiswahili na kuwaponza watumizi wenza wa Kiswahili si geni katika jarida la taifa leo, yupo mshairi  mmoja maarufu aliyedai kuwa “Kiswahili ni cha wa pwani, wa bara mwakinyapia tu”
Kwa mujibu wa mada hii matumizi ya “ya” na “kwa” ni ujanja wa kisarufi unaonuia kuzua ubaidi na kuendeleza ukiritimba katika fasihi ya kiswhili na wala si fasihi kwa Kiswahili.
Kwa mujibu wa makala haya dhana  ya utambulisho itafaa mno katika kumtambua mswahili hususan katika karne hii ya ishirini na moja ambapo Kiswahili kimejitanua na kujizagaza kimawanda kwa hiyo kuizua jamii na jamiilugha mpya..misingi miwili mikuu ya kinadharia ambayo ni nadharia ya ujumuishi ya Giles (1979) na nadharia ya makutano na maachano (1982) itatupa dira na mhimili katika mdahalo..aidha nadharia ya ujumi mweusi wa kiafrika pia inaweza kusherehesha mdahalo huu wa utambulisho wa mswahili kwa kujikita katika ujumi mweusi wa kiafrika unaomfumbata.
Katika Biblia takatifu, yesu anadai kuwa ndugu na dada zao, yaani walio na unasaba naye ni wale wanaomsikiliza na kufuata kaida zake. Vivyo hivyo, Kiswahili nacho kinadai kuwa mswahili ni yule anayesikiliza, kufuata kaida zake, kukitetea na kukipa uhai. Anayefanya hivyo basi yumo ndani ya Kiswahili na Kiswahili kimo ndani yake kwa hiyo kazi atakayoiandika pasi na shaka ni fasihi ya Kiswahili.
Mwl Maeda
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FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NA FASIHI KWA KISWAHILI IPI NDO IPI? - by MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 06:22 PM

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