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NAFASI YA NYIMBO KATIKA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI

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NAFASI YA NYIMBO KATIKA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI
#1
Kwa Muhtasari
Kama mojawapo ya vipera vya fasihi, nyimbo zina uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu mbalimbali katika jamii kwani ni rahisi sana kuteka makini ya hadhira.
DHAMIRA kuu ya fasihi ni ile ya kuielimisha na hata kuiburudisha jamii.
Kama mojawapo ya vipera vya fasihi, nyimbo zina uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu mbalimbali katika jamii kwani ni rahisi sana kuteka makini ya hadhira.
Maana ya fasihi ni ‘matumizi ya lugha kisanaa ili kubainisha taratibu za maisha kwa njia ya ubunifu’. “Matumizi ya lugha kisanaa na njia ya ubunifu” ndiyo maneno ya msingi ambayo huzifanya nyimbo kuwa masimulizi ya kifasihi. Kwa hivyo, si kila masimulizi yanayofuzu kuwa fasihi, ila tu yale yatumiayo njia ya kisanaa na ubunifu mkubwa.
Ndivyo ilivyo katika nyimbo kwa sababu kupitia kwazo wanajamii huburudika na kuelimishwa kutokana na ufundi wa kubuniwa na kuwasilishwa kwazo. Huu ni utanzu ambao huwafikia watu wengi katika jamii. Kutokana na kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili, utanzu huu umeweza kueleweka na Wakenya wengi.
Nchini Kenya, vyombo vya habari vimeipa fasihi hii nafasi kubwa sana na hivyo basi kuipanua hadhira yake. Hii ni kutokana na sababu kuwa, fasihi hii inathaminiwa sana na wengi na kupewa nafasi muhimu katika vyombo vya habari hasa kwa muda mrefu kwenye redio.
Ni kutokana na sababu hii ndipo tunajaribu kuonyesha nafasi yake katika fasihi ya Kiswahili ama andishi au simulizi.
Mahusiano ya kijamii hujengwa kutokana na historia, mazingira na shughuli za kila siku za watu na imani yao pia. Watu wa jamii moja aghalabu husikilizana kwa lugha, mila, itikadi na desturi zao. Misingi hiyo ya utamaduni na utamaduni wenyewe huwa ni vigezo maalum vya kumfanya mtu aitambue nafasi yake katika jamii na vile vile kutambua wajibu wake na majukumu yake, Mazrui (1986).
Tanzu mojawapo inayodhihirisha utamaduni wa jamii ni muziki wake. Wasanii hawa, hasa waimbaji wanaotumia Kiswahili wamechukua nafasi kubwa katika kukuza lugha hii, utamaduni na mawasiliano.
Chambo
Muziki umekuwa chombo ambacho kimewavutia wanadamu. Jambo hili limewafanya watu wa matabaka mbalimbali wakiwemo wanafalsafa, kujaribu kuelewa muziki – lakini hakuna fasili ambayo imeweza kueleza muziki ni nini hasa kwa kuwa uasili wake haujulikani, kama anavyodai Schumann katika (1994) kuwa:
“Sayansi hutumia hisibati na umantiki, ushairi nao hutumia maneno teule yenye mapigo ya kingoma. Mvuto huo hukora sikio la nje na la ndani. Muziki ni yatima ambaye wazazi wake hawajulikani kamwe. Hata hivyo, ni huu utata wa uasili wake ambao umefanya muziki uonekane kuwa kitu bora zaidi katika jamii”.
Katika kutumia nyimbo, waimbaji hawa wameweza kuhifadhi historia na utamaduni wa jamii zao. Hata hivyo, hivi sasa utaona kuwa maendeleo ya kisayansi na Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano (TEKNOHAMA) yameanza kuziingiza jamii nyingi katika fasihi kupitia runinga na video na hivyo kuonekana kana kwamba jambo hili linafifisha starehe inayopitikana katika nyimbo (Mlacha, 1998).
Mabadiliko katika jamii yamesababisha mabadiliko makubwa katika nyimbo na hivyo basi nyimbo zimekuwa na maudhui, dhamira na fani tofauti kutegemea namna jamii ilivyoyashuhudia mabadiliko hayo kila uchao.
Nyimbo ni kipengele muhimu sana katika jamii zote ulimwenguni. Ni utanzu uliothaminiwa sana na zilitawala katika mifumo yote ya jamii, Brandel (1959). Akuno (1999) anasema kuwa muziki ni zaidi ya sauti tu ambazo huimbwa na kuchezwa. Muziki sio wazo la dhana fulani bali ni tajriba, ni tukio ambalo huwasilisha mambo mbalimbali yenye umuhimu wa aina fulani katika jamii husika. Akuno anaona
nyimbo au muziki ukiwa na uamali wa kiujozi: Kama kiburudisho na kama tambiko. Muziki huendeleza uhusiano wa mtu binafsi, humstarehesha na kumwezesha mtu huyu kuwasilisha hisia zake. Kama tambiko, huendeleza uhusiano wa kimazingira kwa kuwahusisha wanadamu na viumbe vingine vinavyopatikana katika mazingira hayo.
Katika kuangalia upande wa kijamii, Akuno anaona muziki kama chombo ambacho hutumiwa kuelezea historia ya jamii, kuakisi amana ya jamii, kupasha ujumbe maalum kwa wanajamii hasa kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine na hutumiwa hasa kuelezea historia, imani, itikadi na kaida za jamii mahsusi. Nyimbo ni zao la mazingira ya jamii kwa sababu ni kitendo cha kijamii.
Zinaweza kufananishwa na mtoto ambaye hufinyangwa na mambo mengi katika historia ya jamii yake. Hii inamaanisha kwamba muziki hauibuki katika ombwe na daima hauwezi kujiundia mazingira yake. Nyimbo huathiriwa sana na mambo yanayotendeka ulimwenguni. Umuhimu wa muziki unadhihirika katika matumizi ya nyimbo katika wakati maalum kama njia mojawapo za kuanzisha mabadiliko katika tabia za jamii au mtu binafsi, (McAIlester 1971).
Kujifunza utamaduni
Muziki umetumika kama njia mojawapo za kujifunzia utamaduni na aghalabu hutumiwa katika kuelezea mtu umuhimu wa mazingira yake na jinsi anavyoweza kuyatumia na kuyatunza vilivyo. Nyimbo vilevile zimekuja kuchukuliwa kama chanzo cha elimu na jinsi ya kujieleza katika jamii na hasa katika sanaa ya mazungumzo.
Humfanya mtu ajenge kumbukumbu ya vitu au tukio kwa urahisi na kumbukumbu hiyo huweza kudumu kwa muda mrefu sana. Muziki ulioimbwa kwa Kiswahili ni sehemu muhimu sana zinazojenga utamaduni wa Wakenya. Kwa Wakenya wengi, muziki ni neno linaloeleweka kwa wananchi wengi kwa sababu watu hao huwa na mapenzi ya muziki, ambayo ni taaluma maalum ya sauti inayochanganya kwa usahihi sanaa na sayansi. Muziki ni sanaa katika matokeo na utendaji wake na kwa upande mwingine ni sayansi katika maandalizi na uwasilishaji wake (Sekella, 1995).
Sanaa ya uimbaji inaonyesha uwezo wa binadamu wa kusimulia au kupasha tajriba yake na ya jamii ya kila siku na kujaribu kuleta maana katika maisha ya kila siku. Nyimbo huweza hata kuundwa upya na wananchi wenyewe kwa sababu mbalimbali. Kama asemavyo Campbell (1976) nyimbo zimeundwa kama sanaa nyingine ili kunasa makini yetu. Sanaa hii basi ina ule ukale, uleo na hata ukesho. Kupitia nyimbo, wanamuziki wa Kiswahili wanaweza kuangalia ‘usasa’ au dunia ya leo hapo baadaye, usasa huu utakuwa kama ukale utakaotuelekeza kufahamu historia yetu ya wakati huo. Ndivyo anavyoshadidia mwalimu wangu, Saidi Vifu Makoti.
Mwl Maeda
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NAFASI YA NYIMBO KATIKA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI - by MwlMaeda - 09-10-2021, 04:50 PM

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