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Swali: Sarufi miundo virai inatofautianaje na sarufi geuzi?

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Swali: Sarufi miundo virai inatofautianaje na sarufi geuzi?
#1
DHANA YA SARUFI GEUZI NA SARUFI MIUNDO
Swali: Sarufi miundo virai inatofautianaje na sarufi geuzi?

DHANA YA SARUFI
Sarufi ni taaluma ya lugha inayochunguza na kuchanganua vipashio na kanuni mbalimbali zinazotawala muundo wa lugha, (Matinde, 2012.
Sarufi ni utaratibu wa kanuni ambazo humwezesha mtumiaji wa lugha kutunga tungo sahihi zinazoeleweka mara zinapotamkwa. (Kapinga, 1983).
Dhana ya sarufi inatafsiriwa katika mitazamo tofauti lakini yenye kuhusiana. Mtazamo wa kwanza tunaweza kusemaSarufi ni taaluma ya uchambuzi walugha inayojumuisha viwango vyote vya uchambnuzi yaani kiwango cha umbo sauti (fonolojia), kiwango cha umbo neno (fonolojia), kiwango cha miundo maneno (sintaksia) na kiwango cha umbo maana(semantiki), (Massamba, 1999).
DHANA YA SARUFI MUUNDO VIRAI
Sarufi muundo virai ni mkabala wa kimapokeo ambao haujihusishi na sarufi miundo katika marefu na mapana yake, ambapo zilijihusisha sana na sentensi sahili, (Massamba 1999).
Sarufi muundo virai ni kitengo cha sarufi geuza maumbo zalishi, ambacho hujikita katika matumizi ya sheria chache kuzalisha sentensi nyingi zisizo na kikomo, ambazo zina usarufi na hata zile ambazo hazijawahi kutungwa, ( Matinde, 2012).
Sarufi muundo virai ni mpangilio wa vitu vidogo vilivyowekwa pamoja na kujenga kitu kikubwa zaidi. Sarufi miundo virai ni mkabala wa kuchambua lugha kwa kuigawa sentensi katika virai vinayoiunda na kasha kuvichanganua zaidi hadi kufikia neno mojamoja lililokiunda kirai, (Massamba, 2001).
DHANA YA SARUFI GEUZI
Ugeuzi ni utaratibu unaotumiwa kubadili umbo la tungo kuwa umbo jingine kwa kutumia kanuni maalumu. Kwa hiyo ugeuzaji ni mbinu ya kisarufi ambayo hutumiwa katika sarufi geuza maumbo zalishi kuzalisha sentensi lukuki kwa kufuata sheria mahususi, (Matinde, 2012).
Sarufi geuzi hueleza ujuzi wa lugha ambao msemaji mzawa anao ujuzi anaomwezesha kutumia lugha (Habwe na Karanja,2007).
Sarufi geuzi maumbo ni utaratibu wa kubadili maumbo kuwa maumbo meng kwa kufuata kanuni maalumu (Matinde,2012).
Zifuatazo ni tofauti kati ya sarufi miundo virai na sarufi geuzi:
Hutofautiana katika lengo. Lengo la sarufi muundo lilikuwa halifahamiki zaidi ya kutumia taratibu za kijarabati zinazohusu ukusanyaji wa data na kuzichambua pamoja na kuunda kanuni kwa kutumia data hizo. Lakini,
Lengo la sarufi geuzi liko bayana, hujitokeza dhahiri. Lengo la sarufi hii ni kufafanua umilisi wa ujuzilugha ambao huwa mwanalugha anao. Umilisi huo humfanya mwanalugha kutambua viambajengo kati ka tungo, katika mtazamo wa ndani yaani muundo wa ndani.
Hutofautiana katika miundo. Sarufi miundo virai, hii huwa inajikita katika miundo ya nje, ambayo huchunguza na kuchambua sentensi katika umbo la nje.
Mfano; Mama anakula ugali
Hivyo huonyesha tu aina ya maneno husika katika sentensi au tungo kama vile: Mama- Nomino, Anakula- Kitenzi, na Ugali- Nomino. Ilihali,
Sarufi geuzi, hii huwa imejikita katika kuchungaza sentensi kama umbo la ndani na umbo la nje. Muundo wa ndani ni uchopekwaji katika miundo hiyo ambapo muundo wan je lazima upitie katika muundo wa mofofonemiki na kuweka katika kitengo cha fonolojia.
Hutofautiana katika vitengo. Sarufi geuzi ni sarufi ambayo inafumbata vitengo vyote vya lugha ambavyo ni fonolojia, sintaksia, semantiki, na mofofonemiki ambapo kitengo cha fonolojia hushughulikia sauti za lugha, kitengo cha kisintaksia hushughulika na uundaji wa sentensi, kitengo cha semantiki hushughulika na ufasili wa maana, na kitengo cha mofofonemiki huwa na kazi ya kuibadili njeo za wakati. Ilihali
Sarufi miundo virai hufumbata kitengo cha mofolojia ambapo sentensi iligawanywa katika kiunzi cha aina za maneno kama Nomino, Kitenzi, Kivumishi, Kielezi na kihunzi hicho kilijulikana kama utaratibu wa uchanganuzi wa viambajengo.
Hutofautiana katika uhusiano wa sentensi. Sarufi geuzi ilipiga hatua kubwa, kwanza huonyesha uhusiano uliopo kati ya maumbo mbalimbli ya sentensi au tungo. Na pia kuonyesha uhusiano unaoweza kuwepo baina ya sentensi moja na sentensi nyingine.
Mfano: (1) Mtoto mrefu anacheza, na si kusema kuwa Mtoto anacheza mrefu
Huu ni uhusianao kati ya maumbo.
Mfano: (2) Juma alipiga mpira
Mpira ulipigwa na Juma
Huu ni uhusiano wa sentensi moja na sentensi nyingine. Ilihali
Sarufi miundo virai haionyeshi uhusiano kati ya sentensi moja na sentensi nyingine.
Hutofautiana katika uwazi. Sarufi geuzi huonesha sentensi sahihi na ambazo sio sahihi pia huonesha sentensi ambazo zinakubalika na sentensi zisizokubalika kwa msemaji mzawa. Ilihali
Sarufi miundo virai yenyewe haina uwazi huo.
Hitimisho ni kwamba, Sarufi geuzi ilianzishwa kutokana na mapungufu katika sarufi muundo virai. Sarufi iliyokuwepo, sarufi miundo virai, ilishindwa kuonyesha mahusiano yaliyokuwepo baina ya sentinsi zinazo husiana kimaana. Hivyo kutokana na upungufu huo kulikuwa na haja ya kuonyesha uhusiano huo.

MAREJELEO
Kapinga, M.C.(1983). Sarufi Maumbo ya Kiswahili Sanifu (SAMAKISA). Dar-es-Salaam:
TUKI.
Massamba, D.T., Kihore,M.Y.& Hokororo.(1999). Sarufi Miundo ya Kiswahili Sanifu
(SAMIKISA). Dar-es-Salaam: TUKI.
Matinde,S.R.(2012). Dafina ya Lugha Isimu na Nadharia. Mwanza: Serengeti Educational
Publishers (T) LTD.
Mwl Maeda
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