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SWALI: Ni kwanini viwakilishi na vihisishi sio kategoria ya virai?
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SWALI: Ni kwanini viwakilishi na vihisishi sio kategoria ya virai?
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Kirai ni neno au kifungu cha maneno chenye neno kuu moja. Kirai huweza kuwa neno moja (neno kuu peke yake) au neno zaidi ya moja (neno kuu na kijalizo). Neno kuu la kirai ndilo hutambulisha aina ya kirai. Neno kuu ni lile linalotawala na kumiliki maneno mengine katika tungo. Katika sintaksia ya Kiswahili maneno makuu ni matano tu ambayo ni:
Nomino
Kivumishi
Kitenzi
Kielezi
Kihusishi
Viwakilishi na vihisishi sio kategoria za virai kwa sababu zifuatazo:
Moja, maneno hayo si maneno makuu kwa sababu hayamiliki na kutawala maneno ya kategoria nyingine hivyo hayana sifa ya kuwa virai.
Pili, maneno karibu yote katika lugha ya Kiswahili huweza kufanya kazi ya vihisishi yanapowekewa alama ya kushangaa.
Mfano:
Kitenzi: amepita………………..amepita!
Nomino : Juma………………..Juma!
Kiwakilishi: wewe……………wewe!
Tatu, viwakilishi hubadili kategoria na kuwa vivumishi vinapotanguliwa na nomino katika tungo, hivyo dhana ya uwakilishi hutokea tu vinapokaa mwanzoni mwa tungo.
Mfano:
Huyu ni mkorofi
Zile zimeondolewa
Mtoto huyu ni mkorofi
Ndizi zile zimeondolewa
Nne, maneno kama viwakilishi hubeba uamilifu wa namna mbili yani kuwa viwakilishi na vivumishi, maneno yanayosimama kama viwakilishi husimama pia kama vivumishi.
Mfano:
Huyu analima shamba
Mzee huyu analima shamba
Tano, uanishaji wa kategoria za virai huzingatia uhusiano baina ya neno kuu na maneno mengine, viwakilishi na vihisishi si mojawapo ya maneno makuu katika kundi la maneno makuu, hivyo maneno hayo hayawezi kutambulisha kirai chochote.
Sita, uainishaji wa kategoria za virai tangu kipindi cha Sarufi ya mwanzo haukuzingatia uamilifu wa maneno bali uwezo wa neno kumiliki na kutawala maneno mengine hivyo maneno yaliyoshindwa kumiliki na kutawala maneno mengine kama vile viwakilishi, vihisishi na viunganishi hayakuwekwa kwenye kategoria za virai.
Saba, vihisishi kwa kawaida vihisishi ni maneno ambayo huwa hayana uhusiano wa kisarufi na aina nyingine za maneno katika tungo. Hivyo vihisishi hujitegemea na kujitosheleza.
Nane, vihisishi huweza kuondolewa katika sentensi bila ya kuathiri muundo wa sentensi husika. Hata hivyo, viingizi huipa sentensi dhamira/hali fulani.
Kwa ujumla dhana ya kirai ni ya kisintaksia na inadhihirika zaidi neno linapotawala na kumiliki neno lingine ndiyo maana tunazungumzia kuwepo kwa neno kuu kama kitambulisho cha kirai husika.
Mwl Maeda
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