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SANAA YA MAJIGAMBO

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SANAA YA MAJIGAMBO
#1
MAJIGAMBO ni sanaa ya unenaji yenye utendaji na inayotumiwa na wasanii kujigamba ama kujinaki na kutangaza sifa zao.
Ni sehemu muhimu ya fasihi similizi. Msanii hujigamba kishairi na hutumia lugha iliyoteuliwa ili kutoa hisia zinazowaathiri wasikilizaji ama wasomaji kwa namna ya kipekee.
Shairi la Majigambo ni shairi la kujisifia na kujikweza kwa mtu.
Washairi wa Kiswahili wa kizamani kama vile Muyaka bin Haji na hata wa kisasa wamekuwa wakijipa lakabu au majina ya kishairi.
Ndiposa utakuta watu wanaojitambulisha kama: Malenga wa Mvita; Malenga wa Mrima; Malenga wa Ziwa Kuu; Malenga wa Bara; Malenga wa Karne Moja; Malenga wa Vumba; Dafina ya Umalenga;Jungu Kuu, Nyamaume n.k.
Lakabu
Jambo hili la washairi kujipa lakabu litadhihirika pia, pindi ukifungua ukurasa wa Ushairi Wenu katika gazeti la Taifa Leo siku ya Jumamosi na lile la Taifa Jumapili.
  Utakuta washairi wakiandika mashairi ya kujisifu kwa ukwasi na ubingwa wao wa fani hii ya ushairi. Humo utakuta lakabu kama vile:Ustadh Halua Chungu (ni kweli ipo halua chungu?), Al-Ustadh- luqman, ngariba-mlumbi, Barry M’bara, Sauti ya Mbali, Malenga wa Jangwani, Mwana wa Mambasa n.k.
Upana
Wakati mwingine mashairi ya majigambo huchukua upana kwa sifa za aina nyingine kama vile jamii, lugha na utamaduni.
Asili ya majigambo ya namna hii na hasa yale ya kusifu viongozi labda ni fasihi simulizi.
Aidha mafanani na manju walikuwa wakiwatungia wafalme mashairi na kuwaimbia huko Ikulu, au pengine katika kuwatayarisha mashujaa kihamasa kabla hawajaenda vitani.
Kauli
Kwa mfano mshairi huyu katika Kauli ya Umma anausemea Umma
Mimi ndiye umma, mimi ndiye Nyundo
Najua kukoma, nyendo za ukondo
Anayenikama, kwake sina pendo
Nielewe vyema, mimi ndiye nyundo.
Majigambo mara nyingi ni mkusanyiko wa sifa za mtu binafsi, ukoo wake, kikundi anachowakilisha au kabila lake kwa kutumia majina ya majisifu.
Miongoni mwa Wazulu wa Afrika Kusini Majigambo yanaitwa ‘izibongo’ Katika majigambo haya msanii hurejelea maisha ya Wazulu: kujieleza kwao katika jamii na kitamaduni;pia husifu nchi yao; wanasiasa wao; mifugo wao na shughuli zao za kiuchumi.
Ujasiri
Miongoni mwa mwa Wabasotho, vitendo vya kishujaa ndio uti wa mgongo wa majigambo yao.
Simulizi zao zinasifu ujasiri, ushupavu na ujuzi wa vita.
Wakuria nchini Kenya na Tanzania wanaita mashairi ya majigambo ‘amaiboko’
Vita
Katika tamaduni nyingi za ulimwengu, ushairi wa majigambo ulihusishwa na vita vya mara kwa mara; mapambano na wanyama; safari za usasi na hatari za kimaumbile.
Ushairi huuhuu umeshamiri sana miongoni mwa jamii zenye sifa za ufugaji.Ili kuuelewa ushairi huu, ni muhimu kuwa na ufahamu wa kina wa mfumo wa jamii na utamaduni husika.
Mathalan, ili kufahamu sifa na nafasi ya ‘ izibongo’ itatubidi tuelewe utamaduni wa Wazulu; ili tufahamu ‘Lithoko’ tunalazimika kuelewa utamaduni wa Basotho; ili kufahamu ‘Ekeyevugo’, hatuna budi kuzama kwenye utamaduni wa Bahima; na ili kufahamu ‘Pakruok’  tunalazimika kutalii utamaduni wa Waluo.
Tathmini
Kwa hivyo, utamaduni una nafasi kubwa katika kufungulia njia ya kutathmini ushairi wa majigambo. Kwa hakika, mfumo wa jamii ndio chanzo cha sanaa hii ya majigambo.
Mashairi ya majigambo hutaja watu, koo, matukio ya kihistoria, mila na itikadi.
Na kwa sababu ushujaa ni sifa muhimu katika jamii za Kiafrika, majigambo mengi hujishughulisha nao. Manju wengi wa Kiafrika kama vile ‘Jeli’ wa makabila ya Mandingo; ‘Gando’ wa Fulani; ‘Gemel’ wa Wolof; ‘Azimaris’ wa Ethiopia na Marombe wa Washona wamewahi kusifu ushujaa wa watu mbalimbali wa jamii zao.
Mfano
Mfano wa majigambo:
    Mimi ni Shikwekwe mwana wa Amuli
    Ninaitwa simbamwene wa Matioli
    Ningurumapo waoga hukimbilia malili.
    Ukali wangu washindana na pilipili
     Nishikapo adui zangu
     Hata wakibeba sime na mkuki
     Hujinyia na kuomba samahani hurumia
     Nimevikomoa vichaka vya Msumbiji
     Nimekomesha na Angola majangili
     Omwana wa Amuli nawika!
*Zingatia:   Omwana ni ‘mtoto wa’. Msumbiji na Angola ni vikundi vya majangili yaliyosifika kwa ukatili wa kuvamia watu majumbani mwao usiku katika maeneo ya Magharibi ya Kenya. Maudhui ni ushujaa wa Shikwekwe.
Mwl Maeda
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