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MFANANO NA UTOFAUTI WA NENO NA MOFIMU

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MFANANO NA UTOFAUTI WA NENO NA MOFIMU
#1
Kwa kutumia mifano, linganisha na (linganua) tofautisha baina ya neno na mofimu
MAJIBU:
Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu (toleo la tatu, 2013:420) wametoa fasili tatu za neno. Fasili ya kwanza “neno” limefasiliwa kama mkusanyiko wa sauti zinazotamkwa au kuandikwa pamoja na kuleta maana. Kisha wakafasili neno kama jambo kubwa  mfano nina “neno” nataka kukupa; ameniletea neno, na katika fasili ya tatu wamefasili neno kama mahubiri, mfano “neno” la Mungu.
Mofimu ni kipashio kidogo kuliko vyote katika lugha chenye maana ya kisarufi /kileksika. Mofimu katika sarufi ni jina la sehemu ndogo kabisa yenye kuwakilisha maana katika neno. Kipashio hiki hakiwezi kuvunjwavunjwa zaidi bila kupoteza maana.
Neno na mofimu ni dhana zinazolingana kama ifuatavyo:
  • Vyote ni vipashio vya kimofolojia
  • Vyote huweza kuwa huru au tegemezi
  • Zote huweza kuwa na hadhi sawa mf. mofimu huru huwa na hadhi ya neno
  • Zote huweza kuwa na maana ya kisarufi au kileksika
  • Vyote huweza kutokea katika tungo moja
  • Vyote hutokea katika ngazi zote za tungo (kirai,kishazi au sentensi)
Neno na mofimu ni dhana zinazotofautiana kama ifuatavyo:
  • Kimaana, neno ni muunganiko wa silabi zinazoweza kutamkwa au kuandikwa na kuleta maana lakini mofimu ni neno au sehemu ya neno isiyogawanyika zaidi na yenye maana kisarufi au kileksika.
  • Neno huweza kuingizwa kwenye kamusi lakini mofimu haziingii kwenye kamusi labda kama ni huru.
  • Neno huunda virai lakini mofimu haziundi virai
  • Kuna aina saba (7) au nane (8) za maneno lakini tuna aina mbili za mofimu
  • Kategoria ya neno huweza kuathiriwa na uhusiano wa maneno lakini aina ya mofimu haiathiriwi na uhusiano
  • Neno ni moja wapo ya tungo lakini mofimu si aina ya tungo
Mwl Maeda
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