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OSW 123: FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NADHARIA NA UHAKIKI (JAN, 2017) MAJIBU

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OSW 123: FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NADHARIA NA UHAKIKI (JAN, 2017) MAJIBU
#1
OSW 123: FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NADHARIA NA UHAKIKI (JAN, 2017) MAJIBU
     1. Sengo anasema kuwa fasihi andishi isiposimuliwa kwa majadiliano mazito ya  kiuhakiki huwa kama haipo. Wewe unasemaje? Toa mifano hai ya kazi za          fasihi.
 
MAJIBU
Naungana
na kauli ya Profesa Sengo isemayo kuwa fasihi andishi isiposimuliwa kwa
majadiliano mazito ya kiuhakiki huwa kama haipo. Hii ni kwa sababu uhakiki una
nafasi kubwa katika kuzibaini, kuzichambua na kuzifafanua kazi za fasihi
andishi.
Tukiangazia
uhakiki wa HISI ZETU (1973) Sengo na Kiango waliweza kuzisimulia kwa mapana
kazi za fasihi andishi kwa namna ambayo watu wanaweza hata sasa kuzielewa kazi
hizo kwa hali ya juu zaidi. Mifano ya kazi za fasihi zilizojadiliwa katika
kitabu cha HISI ZETU ni kama vile Nataka
Iwe Siri, Siku ya Watenzi Wote,
Mapenzi Bora, Wakati Ukuta, Mashetani, Kinjeketile, n.k.
Kimsingi
uhakiki hukusudia kuchambua nadharia na matapo mbalimbali yaliyotumika katika
kuandika kazi fulani ya fasihi. Kwa mfano Tamthiliya ya Amezidi iliyoandikwa na Mohamed Said Mohamed inaweza kuhakikiwa kwa
kutumia nadharia ya Ubwege. Ubwege ni nadharia ambayo ni sehemu ya udhanaishi
iliyoasisiwa mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini. Ubwege husisitiza kuwa maisha
hayana maana hasa kwa sababu vyombo kama vile dini, sayansi na serikali vimeshindwa
kutatua matatizo ya jamii. Katika kazi za kibwege kama vile Amezidi mara nyingi wahusika wake
huonekana kama vile hawajitambui, hawajui waliko wala wanakoenda huwa wapo wapo
tu, kwa mfano katika Amezidi wahusika
Ame na Zidi wanaonekana wakitenda mambo ambayo hawayaelewi na hawajielewi wao
wenyewe.
Licha
ya hayo, dhamira kuu ya mwandishi aliyoikusudia ni kutaka nchi za kiafrika
zijikomboe kiuchumi na kisiasa na ziweze kujitegemea.
         2. Watu wengi huchelewa kujiendeleza kwa kuogopa “kuthubutu” Shaaban Robert alikusudia nini katika shairi lake hilo dogo?
           MAJIBU
Shaaban
Robert ni mmoja wa nguli wa fasihi ya Kiswahili hasa ushairi na riwaya. Shaaban
Robert ameandika mashairi mengi, tenzi na riwaya nyingi ambazo ni tunu sit u
kwa jamii ya Afrika Mashariki bali kwa dunia nzima.
Shaaban
Robert ambaye alikuwa mwandishi nguli wakati wa ukoloni alitumia fasihi katika
mapambano ya kupigania uhuru.
Katika
moja ya mashairi aliyoyatumia kupambana na ukoloni ni shairi la “Thubutu”
akiungana mkono na Saadan Kandoro aliyetunga shairi la “Siafu” akiwa
anahamasisha umma kupambana na ukoloni.
Lengo
kuu la shairi la “Thubutu” lilikuwa kuwatia hamasa wananchi katika kupigania
uhuru bila kuogopa wakoloni.
Shaaban
Robert aliamini kuwa woga na hofu ni sumu ya maendeleo na ukombozi wa kweli
hivyo ili jamii ijikomboe kweli haina budi kuwa na uthubutu.
       3. Fasihi ya Kiswahili ni sawa na
“Fasihi ya Kigogo” Lakini Fasihi kwa Kiswahili ni Literature in English ya akina Soyinka. Jadili.
        MAJIBU
Ni
kweli fasihi kwa Kiswahili ni sawa na Literature in English ya akina Soyinka na
wengineo. Dhana ya Literature in English hasa kwa Afrika inarejelea kazi za
fasihi zilizotumia lugha ya Kiingereza katika kuandaliwa ingawa yanayozungumzwa
yanazihusu jamii za kiafrika. Mfano wa fasihi kwa Kiingereza “Literature in
English” ni kama vile Mine Boy, An Arrow
of God, The River Between, Things Fall Apart, Song of Lawino,kutaja kwa
uchache.
Kwa
kutumia dhana ya Literature in English tunaweza kujadili kwa kina dhana ya
Fasihi kwa Kiswahili kama ifuatavyo:
Fasihi
kwa Kiswahili ni dhana inayorejelea kazi yoyote ya fasihi iliyobuniwa na
kutungwa na mtu asiye mswahili ila tu ametumia lugha ya Kiswahili au fasihi
iliyotungwa na kuandikwa kwa lugha nyingine kasha ikafasiriwa kwa lugha ya
Kiswahili.
Fasihi
kwa Kiswahili yaweza kuzungumzia utamaduni na mila za watu wa jamii mbalimbali
kama wafaransa, wachina au wajerumani kwa kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili. Mifano ya
Fasihi kwa Kiswahili ni kama vile: Rosa
Mistika, Kichwa Maji, Gamba la Nyoka, Takadini, Barua Ndefu kama Hii, Orodha,
Janga Sugu la Wazawa, Mfalme Edipode, n.k
Kwa
upande wa Fasihi ya Kiswahili, hii ni ile iliyobuniwa na kuandikwa na Mswahili
aghalabu kuwahusu Waswahili kwa kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili. Mifano ya Fasihi ya
Kiswahili ni: Vuta N’kuvute, Joka la Mdimu, Sadiki Ukipenda, Wasifu wa Siti
binti Saad, Siku ya Watenzi Wote, Kusadikika, Kufikirika, n.k.
Fasihi
ya Kiswahili yaweza kuwazungumzia Waswahili au jamii nyingine ambazo mtunzi
anazifahamu mila na desturi za jamii hizo.
Fasihi
ya Kiswahili hujipambanua wazi dhidi ya Fasihi nyingine katika lugha, mandhari,
wahusika, shughuli za kijamii za Waswahili kama vile uvuvi, mahusiano ya
kijamii kama ngoma.
Kiujumla
Fasihi ya jamii yoyote hutambulishwa kwa yale yaelezwayo na mtunzi wa kazi
husika ndani ya kazi ya Fasihi. Lugha aitumiayo mtunzi ni nyenzo tu ya
uwasilishaji wa kazi yenyewe.
       4. Fasihi ni somo la kipuuzi. Jadili
ukitoa mifano ya kazi hai za Fasihi.
           MAJIBU
Napinga
kauli hii kuwa Fasihi ni somo la kipuuzi kwa sababu Fasihi ina nafasi kubwa
katika Nyanja zote za maisha ya mwanadamu. Faida za Fasihi kwa jamii ni kama
ifuatavyo:
Fasihi
humfafanua binadamu jinsi anavyohusiana na mazingira yake. Fasihi haina maana
moja bali huundwa na vipengele kama sanaa ya lugha, jamii, mazingira, ujumi,
jadi na utamaduni.
Kiujumla
Fasihi (andishi au simulizi) huwa na dhima mbalimbali kwa jamii husika. Dhima
hizo huweza kugawanywa katika Nyanja kadhaa kama vile kiuchumi, kijamii na
kiutamaduni au kiamali.
Kisiasa,
historia ya bara la Afrika inaonesha mchango mkubwa wa Fasihi katika kupigania
ukombozi wa kisiasa katika bara zima. Fasihi ilionesha wazi athari za ukoloni
kisiasa katika bara zima na nafasi ya siasa katika kuleta maendeleo ya bara
zima. Mfano shairi la “Siafu” la Saadan Kandoro lilihamasisha wananchi kuungana
na kupigania uhuru. Aidha baada ya uhuru Fasihi iliendelea kuhamasisha wananchi
kuwa wamoja hasa katika kuunga mkono sera ya Ujamaa ili kuleta maendeleo ya
pamoja. Mfano tamthiliya ya Bwana Mkubwa
Kiuchumi,
Fasihi huchapuza kazi na kutia ari watu kujihusisha na masuala ya kiuchumi. Kwa
mfano methali kama vile “Mchagua jembe si mkulima” inakusudia kuwatia watu ari
katika kufanya kazi za kiuchumi.
Pamoja
na hayo Fasihi huwa na jukumu la kuwakemea wahujumu uchumi, wavivu na wale wote
wenye nia ovu ya kuharibu uchumi wa jamii kwa mfano riwaya ya Makuwadi wa Soko Huria inasimulia
harakati za wanahabari wakiongozwa na Janga Mjuba na Sifuni kuwaonesha vitimbakwiri au watu waliopewa dhamana
ya uongozi wakishirikiana na wageni vibwanyenye kuiba rasilimali za nchi na
kuwanyima wenyeji fursa za kiuchumi kama ilivyotokea kwenye mradi wa dagaa
kamba huko Rufiji.
Kijamii,
Fasihi hukuchochea mshikamano wa kijamii na kuelezea athari za utabaka katika
jamii. Ni wazi kuwa waandishi wa kazi za Fasihi hutokea katika matabaka
mbalimbali ya kijamii iwe ni tabaka la juu, la chini au wenye navyo na
wasiokuwa navyo. Hivyo, mwandishi hutunga kazi ya Fasihi ambayo hubainisha wazi
ukinzani wa kitabaka katika jamii. Kwa mfano tamthiliya ya Kilio Cha Haki  ya Mazrui
(1981) inaelezea harakati za wafanyakazi katika kupigania stahiki zao. Hali kadhalika
tamthiliya ya Kinjeketile inaelezea
harakati zilizoongozwa na Kinjeketile kupigania uhuru dhidi ya  Wadachi.
Kiutamaduni,
Fasihi imekuwa mhimili mkubwa katika kurithisha amali za jamii kutoka kizazi
hata kizazi. Pia Fasihi hupinga mila na desturi ambazo huwanyima haki baadhi ya
makundi katika jamii. Kwa mfano riwaya ya Barua
Ndefu kama Hii mwandishi Mariam Ba, anaonesha jinsi mila zinavyokataza
masuala ya mirathi kwa wanawake au wajane na kuwanyima haki zao.
Mbali
na hayo, Fasihi huwasihi vijana kwenda katika mkondo mwema wa maisha ama
kuelekeza malezi bora kwa vijana, kwa mfano methali kama “Samaki mkunje angali
mbichi”, “Asiyesikia la mkuu huvunjika guu” huonya vijana juu ya madhara ya
kwenda kinyume na maadili hasa kuwa na nidhamu au adabu.
Kwa
ujumla Fasihi ingali na umuhimu mkubwa sana kwa jamii katika kuipa jamii
muelekeo na misingi ya kimaendeleo katika Nyanja zote. Kudharau kazi ya Fasihi ni
sawa kujidharau wenyewe kama jamii.
           5. Sanaa tendezi au sanaa shirikishi ni dhana ngeni kwa wanafunzi wengi wa  Fasihi. Zifafanue kwa kuzitolea sifa zake.
MAJIBU
Kimsingi dhana hii ya sanaa tendezi au sanaa shirikishi ni ngeni kwa wanafunzi wa sekondari au hata wa elimu ya juu. Sanaa tendezi ni Fasihi simulizi iliyoegemea katika utendaji. Kulingana na utamaduni wa muafrika huwa hakuna sanaa za maonesho bali kuna sanaa tendezi. Sanaa tendezi hujumuisha michezo ya watoto, ngoma, tambo za waganga, matambiko, utani, majigambo na miviga. Sifa kuu ya sanaa tendezi ni ushiriki wa wahusika. Katika sanaa tendezi hadhira huwa haitaki kutazama tu bali kushirikiana na fanani kwa namna mbalimbali kwa mfano, katika ngoma hadhira hujumuika katika kucheza au kuimba na si kutazama tu.

Vionjo vingi katika utani huendeleza utani wao mahali maalumu kama vile msibani, kwenye harusi au kwenye sherehe mbalimbali kama vile jando na unyago.

Aidha sifa nyingine ya sanaa tendezi ni mahali au mandhari maalumu pa utendaji. Sanaa tendezi haifanyiki mahali popote bali huwa na sehemu maalumu. Kwa mfano kulingana na mila za kiafrika matambiko hufanyikia kwenye mapango, miti mikubwa, kwenye makaburi ya mababu, milimani na misituni.Kwa mfano kwa Wakwere hufanyia chini ya mti maalumu uitwao mtalawanda.


Sanaa tendezi huwa na sifa ya uhalisia zaidi kwa sababu kinachotendwa huwa ni halisi na sio kuigiza uhalisia, uigaji hutumiwa zaidi pale jamii inapoogopa kuona matendo katika uhalisia wake.


 
Kwa maelezo hayo ni wazi kuwa sanaa tendezi ndiyo sanaa asilia kwa jamii za kiafrika ingawa wanafunzi wengi hawaijui ipasavyo aina hii ya sanaa.
Mwl Maeda
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OSW 123: FASIHI YA KISWAHILI NADHARIA NA UHAKIKI (JAN, 2017) MAJIBU - by MwlMaeda - 09-02-2021, 07:42 AM

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