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OSW 224: FASIHI SIMULIZI : MASWALI NA MAJIBU – JARIBIO KUU MAALUMU – FEBRUARI, 2013

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OSW 224: FASIHI SIMULIZI : MASWALI NA MAJIBU – JARIBIO KUU MAALUMU – FEBRUARI, 2013
#1
OSW 224: FASIHI SIMULIZI : MASWALI NA MAJIBU – JARIBIO KUU MAALUMU – FEBRUARI, 2013
  1. Hakiki kwa kutoa mifano ya nchi moja mbili zinazotoa picha halisi ya hadithi.
MAJIBU
Hadithi ni miongoni mwa kazi za Fasihi simulizi zenye kuonya, kuadibu na kuadilisha jamii hasa watoto. Hadithi kwa asili husimuliwa kwa watoto nyakati za jioni baada ya kazi ili kuwafunza maadili mema.
Tanzania ni moja ya nchi zenye kutumia hadithi kwa kiasi kikubwa sana kama ifuatavyo:
Hadithi za kimapokeo kama ngano hutumiwa kuwakumbusha watoto matukio ya asili yaliyowahi kuikumba jamii. Hadithi hizi hushabihiana na maisha halisi ya jamii kwa mfano masimulizi juu ya habari za maisha ya Mfalme na Malkia wa nchi fulani jinsi walivyoishi maisha ya raha mustarehe.
Hadithi za visasili, hizi hutumiwa kuelezea jinsi matukio  au maumbile na tabia fulani zilivyoanza katika jamii, mfano kisasili cha “Asili ya Jogoo kuwika”, “Asili ya kiboko kuishi majini” ni mifano ya hadithi za kitanzania zinazosaidia watoto kupata majibu ya maswali ya kisayansi kwa njia isiyohusisha usayansi.
Hadithi za tarihi, ni hadithi za kitanzania ambazo husimuliwa kuhusu matukio ya kihistoria yaliyowahi kutokea katika jamii na wakati wa kutokea kwake, mfano tarihi za njaa, ukame, vita na majanga mbalimbali yaliyowahi kuikumba jamii.
Hadithi za vigano, hizi hutolewa kwa lengo la kukemea tabia na mienendo isiyofaa kwa jamii kama vile ulafi, uchoyo, udokozi, mfano kigano cha “Mtoto aliyeficha kitumbua” kwenye sanduku la nguo na kukisahau, kisha panya akala kitumbua pamoja na nguo yake mpya ya sikukuu. Hadithi hii hukemea tabia ya uchoyo kwa watoto.
Hadithi za soga, haya ni masimulizi yatumiwayo na watu kupoteza muda. Soga huwa na visa zaidi ya kimoja na huwa kisa kinaweza kusimuliwa nus utu na kisiendelee. Kupitia soga watu hupashwa ukweli na kujirekebisha kitabia.
Kwa ujumla Tanzania ni miongoni mwa nchi zilizosheheni hadithi mbalimbali zenye kuvutia na kutia hamasa.
  1. Kwa kutumia Fasihi simulizi jadili suala la mipango ya kizee ya kuandalia ndoa vijana wao.
MAJIBU
Ni fikra potofu kudhani kuwa mipango ya wazee kuandalia ndoa vijana wao imepitwa na wakati. Ukweli ni kuwa ndoa zilizoandaliwa na wazee zilidumu sana kuliko hizi za siku hizi ambapo vijana huchaguana wenyewe. Faida za wazee kuandalia ndoa vijana wao ni nyingi kama zifuatazo:
Kwanza, vijana hasa wa kike walijitunza na kujiheshimu kwa kutambua kuwa wanachunguzwa na wazee nap engine wakakosa sifa za kuposwa iwapo hawatajiheshimu na kujitunza.
Pili, uhusiano wa vijana haukuleta madhara kama ilivyo sasa kutokana na uhuru. Vijana walijiepusha na mahusiano kabla ya ndoa ili kulinda heshima ya familia nzima. Kubeba ujauzito kabla ya ndoa lilikuwa ni kosa la kulaanika.
Tatu, ilisaidia kudhibiti mmomonyoko wa maadili tofauti na ilivyo hivi leo ambapo wazee kujihusisha na vijana wadogo kimapenzi kwa sababu ya uhuru wa kujichagulia na kujiamulia.
Vilevile, wazee walikuwa kinga ya kuvunjika hovyo kwa ndoa kwa sababu vijana walioozwa na wazee zoezi la kuachana lilitakiwa kuwahusisha wazee na waridhie, hii ilichangia uvumilivu na kuheshimiana ndani ya ndoa.
Ndoa za kuandaliwa na wazee zilizuia kuzaliwa watoto wasio na malezi au kukataliwa kwa watoto kwa sababu ndoa zilisimamiwa na wazazi wa vijana.
Kwa ujumla ndoa zilioandaliwa na wazee zilikuwa ndoa bora sana na zilidumu sana kuliko hizi za kuchaguana ambazo huleta migogoro isiyokwisha.
  1. Kizuka kwa mfiwa, aliolewa na ndugu mkubwa wa marehemu kwa ajili ya kuendeleza na kulea kizazi nani kwa hiari kwa wanaooana. Jadili na toa mifano hai.
MAJIBU
Kizuka kurithiwa na ndugu wa mume ni mila za jamii nyingi za kiafrika na hata Tanzania. Jambo hili kwa sasa linatazamwa tofauti kulingana na maendeleo ya mila za kigeni zilizovamia na kuziteka nyara mila za kiafrika. Hebu tuangalie faida zake na kisha hasara zinazoelezwa na wanaopinga suala hilo.
Faida ya kwanza ni kuwa familia ya marehemu hutunzwa na kuendelezwa na mrithi wa familia hiyo na hasa watoto hupata malezi yanayostahili.
Pili, huepusha migogoro ya mirathi za marehemu kwa sababu uamuzi wa nani arithi familia hufanywa na kikao cha familia au ukoo na kuheshimiwa na wote.
Husaidia kuepusha uchanganyaji wa damu iwapo mke ataolewa na mtu wa nje ya ukoo wa mume wake wa kwanza.
Pia humpunguzia machungu kizuka haraka tofauti na kama ataachwa na pengine kufukuzwa kwenye nyumba ili ajitafutie maisha.
Pamoja na faida hizo pia zipo hasara zinzoelezwa hasa na makundi ya watetezi.
Kwanza inasemwa kuwa ni kinyume cha haki za mwanamke hasa inapotokea kizuka huyo hakuridhia jambo hilo.
Pili inaonekana kuwa ni hatari kiafya endapo mrithi atakuwa na maradhi ya kuambukiza huweza kumuambukiza kizuka.
Kwa ujumla zipo mila na desturi ambazo pamoja na faida zake jamii inaziona kuwa zimepitwa na wakati na hivyo kufanya juhudi kuziacha.
  1. Nyimbo za harusi zinafundishaje wari?
MAJIBU
Nyimbo za harusi ni sanaa ya kifasihi simulizi ambayo hutumiwa kuwafunda wari katika sherehe yao ya ndoa. Miongoni mwa mambo yanayofundishwa ni:
Kuhusu utii, wari hufundwa kutii waume zao katika ndoa, kupitia nyimbo za makabila mbalimbali.
Vilevile, wari hufundwa kuhusu kazi na majukumu yake kama mama wa familia, kupitia nyimbo hukumbushwa majukumu yake kama kupika, kumuandalia mume na namna ya kutunza nyumba.
Masuala ya usafi pia huzungumzwa katika kumfunda mwari. Usafi binafsi pamoja na mazingira yanayomzunguka. Mwari mchafu hutia aibu familia iliyomlea na kumkuza.
Mwari hufundwa pia kuhusu namna ya kulea watoto pindi watakapobarikiwa kuwapata. Sehemu kubwa ya malezi kwa jamii za kiafrika huachiwa mama na watoto wanapokosa malezi bora hulaumiwa mama.
Utanzu wa nyimbo ni kipengele kinachogusa sehemu kubwa ya maisha ya jamii katika kuadibu na kuadilisha.
  1. Dhana ya R. Finegan Afrika haina Fasihi ni ya kweli? Jadili kwa mifano dhahiri kwa kumrejelea R. Finegan 1970.
MAJIBU
Finegan, 1970 ni miongoni mwa wataalamu wa kigeni waliopotosha sana historia ya Kiswahili na Fasihi yake kwa kudai kuwa Afrika ni bara la giza na haina Fasihi. Mawazo hayo potofu yalijengwa na imani yao juu ya maandishi kwamba kisichoandikwa hakiwezi kuwa Fasihi.
Ukweli ni kwamba Afrika ina Fasihi na tena wazungu waliitumia sana kuiga mambo mengi yanayowanufaisha hadi sasa.
Mfano wa kwanza ni kuwepo kwa ngoma ambazo hutambulisha makabila mbalimbali ya kiafrika hususani Tanzania. Mpaka leo wageni toka nje ya Tanzania hupokelewa na ngoma za asili.
Utanzu wa hadithi ni kielelezo cha kuwepo Fasihi Afrika. Zipo hadithi za kimapokeo zinazohusu matukio ya zamani sana kama masimulizi ya Fumo Liyongo, hadithi za Ng’wanamalundi ni baadhi ya hadithi za zamani sana na zinazohusu watu wa Afrika waliowahi kuacha historia kubwa katika jamii zao.
Jando na unyago ni sehemu ya Fasihi ya kiafrika itumiwayo kama darasa la kutolea elimu kwa vijana wa kike na kiume na kuwaandaa kwa maisha ya utu uzima.
Matumizi ya ala za muziki za asili, kama marimba, zeze, zumari, ni miongoni mwa vyombo vingi  vya muziki toka jamii za watu wa Afrika na baadhi yavyo wazungu wameiga kwa mfano zeze (gitaa), marimba (kinanda) kutaja kwa uchache.
Kazi nyingi za Fasihi kwa lugha ya Kiingereza zilizotungwa na waafrika kama Wole Soyinka, Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong’o na E.Kezilahabi na bila kumsahau Shaaban Robert ni ushahidi wa wazi kwamba Afrika ina Fasihi tena kongwe.
  1. Fasihi simulizi ya kabila lako ina msaada gani katika kujenga maadili ya nchi yetu?
MAJIBU
Maadili ya nchi hujengwa kwa ushirikiano wa jamii nzima. Katika Fasihi makabila hutoa mchango tofautitofauti katika kuadilisha jamii na nchi kwa ujumla. Mchango huo ni kama ufuatao:
Nyimbo mbalimbali za makabila huweza kutumiwa kuhimiza maadili ya jamii nzima na hatimaye kuisaidia nchi kwa mfano nyimbo za kazi toka makabila mbalimbali huhimiza uadilifu katika kuchapa kazi.
Kutoa maonyo kwa jamii huweza kufanywa kupitia methali mbalimbali mfano methali hii ya kipare “Kivuke cha ibwe kimanywa ni igondwa” maana yake ni “ siri ya kaburi huijua maiti” methali hii hutoa maonyo kwa jamii kutohamakia mambo kwa kuyaona kwa nje tu.
Kuhimiza nidhamu na utii katika jamii kwa mfano methali kama, “asiyesikia la mkuu huvunjika guu” inahimiza utii kwa wakubwa.
Kuhimiza kazi kama uti wa mgongo wa maisha ya jamii, kwa mfano majigambo huhimiza ushiriki wa kila mwanajamii katika uzalishaji mali na kujiondolea umaskini.
Masuala ya ushirikiano wa kijamii ni suala muhimu sana kwani umoja ni nguvu. Suala hili husisitizwa kupitia ngoma, utani na matambiko ambapo watu huletwa pamoja kupitia matukio hayo na kuwa kitu kimoja katika shida na raha.
Yote kwa yote Fasihi simulizi ya kabila lolote la kibantu huchangia sana katika kujenga maadili ndani ya nchi yetu.
Mwl Maeda
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OSW 224: FASIHI SIMULIZI : MASWALI NA MAJIBU – JARIBIO KUU MAALUMU – FEBRUARI, 2013 - by MwlMaeda - 08-31-2021, 11:09 AM

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