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KUHUSU KUONA/KUONYA na KUONESHA/KUONYESHA

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KUHUSU KUONA/KUONYA na KUONESHA/KUONYESHA
#1
KUHUSU KUONA/KUONYA na KUONESHA/KUONYESHA

Nawaomba radhi wanaukumbi kwa kuwarudisha nyuma kwenye mazungumzo ya juzi, kuhusu haya maneno yaliyoko hapa juu.

Nianze kwa kuungama. Katika baadhi ya nyakati hutolewa maoni hapa, ambayo nami hutamani niongeze yangu, lakini hujizuia na kujiambia niyapishe yapite. Wakati mwingine huyapisha kwa kuogopea nisije nikaonekana najifanya kuwa ni mjuvi (mjuaji) mno! Lakini mara nyingine hushindwa kujizuia.

Mwenzetu, Bwana (au ni Bibi?) Nii Adjetey, aliomba aelezwe tafauti kati ya "kuonesha" na "kuonyesha." Wa kwanza aliyemjibu akaashiria kwa ufupi tu kwamba "kuonesha" latokana na "ona"; na "kuonyesha" latokana na "onya." Na wenzetu wengine wawili wakafuatia kwa kutoa mifano ya matumizi ya maneno hayo, na kuelezea kwamba "ona" lina maana sawa na "tizama" (tazama); na kwamba "onya" lina maana ya kukanya/kuadibu/kukataza. Nakubaliana na hayo.

Nitakalo kuongeza ni kwamba mbali na kuwa "onya" lina maana hiyo iliyoelezwa, pia lina maana ya "onesha" - ambayo naamini ndiyo maana yake ya asili. Katika lugha ya Kiswahili kuna maneno machache ya vitenzi vilivyomalizika kwa silabi -na, ambavyo vikibadilishwa katika hali ya kusababisha, silabi hiyo ya mwisho hugeuka na kuwa -nya.

Kwa hivyo, basi, ukinionya kitu huwa unanionesha kitu hicho. Waweza pia kumsikia mtu akisema kwamba Fulani alikuja hapa akaruonya vituko!

Na ukiwa mgonjwa, halafu ukala dawa ikakuponya, dawa hiyo huwa imekusababisha wewe kupona.

Tukija katika mambo ya uganga, waganga wanapofanya ya kufanya ili kugonya k'oma, huwa wanaisababisha mizimu kugona, yaani kuilaza au kuituliza. Katika Kiswahili cha kale - na hadi leo katika lugha za Mijikenda - neno "kugona" lina maana ya "kulala." Ndipo kwa wale walio na mke zaidi ya mmoja hutakiwa wagawanye ugoni kwa siku sawa sawa - ukilala siku mbili kwa mke wa kwanza, basi na kwa mke wa pili iwe ni siku mbili pia. Na kutokana na neno "kugona" ndipo tukapata neno "ngono", ambalo twalijua maana yake.

Miongoni mwa maneno yanayofuata kanuni hiyo ni "kana" (=kataa; kutokubali). Kwa hivyo, unapomkanya mtoto huwa unamkataza asifanye jambo fulani, aghlabu jambo ovu au la hatari. Pia neno "dangana" ((= kutokuwa na hakika ya jambo, au kutoujua ukweli wa jambo, au kutatizika na jambo). Kwa hivyo, unapomdanganya mtu huwa unamsababisha asiujue ukweli wa jambo fulani.

Basi, kwa ufupi, neno "onya" lina maana ya kusababisha mtu kuona, kutahadharisha, kukataza, kuadibu. Na "kuonesha" na "kuonyesha", au "maonesho" na "maonyesho", hiyo ni mibadala; hakuna tafauti ya maana.

Baadaye leo, inshaAllah, nitajaribu kutoa maoni yangu kuhusu neno "tasiliti", lililoulizwa maana yake.

- Abdilatif Abdalla
Mwl Maeda
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#2
Dhana hizi kwa maoni yangu bado hazijashiba taaluma na matumizi.

Hata hivyo kwanza naomba ninyamaze kwa miezi kadhaa.

Kwa sababu ninachokiona siwezi kukionya maana kila jicho huona upeo wa uwezo wake ilhali muonyaji hukataza au kutahadharisha (kuonya) kwa uelewa, ufahamu au msimamo wake.

Said S. Ali
Mwl Maeda
Reply
#3
Makosa Yaliyozoeleka katika Kiswahili Sanifu

Sehemu ya Kumi na Mbili

Je, ni MAONYESHO au MAONESHO?

1.0 Usuli na tatizo
Maneno hayo tajwa, MAONESHO na MAONYESHO yamekuwa yakitumiwa katika muktadha mmoja. Mathalani, ni kawaida kuona gazeti A limeandika habari yake hivi "Maonyesho ya Sabasaba Yameanza"; huku gazeti B limeandika hivi "Maonesho ya Sabasaba Yameanza". Je, gazeti lipi liko sahihi?

2.0 Uchambuzi/Uchanganuzi
2.1 Mikabala ya Uchanganuzi/Uchambuzi wa Tatizo
Zipo shule mbili za mawazo juu ya kufikia muafaka wa matumizi ya neno fulani. Mkabala (shule ya mawazo) wa kwanza ni mkabala wa Kiufafanuzi wa Uchambuzi wa Lugha, kwa Kiingereza DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE na wa pili ni mkabala wa Kielekezi wa Uchambuzi wa Lugha, kwa Kiingereza PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE. Mkabala wa kwanza unalenga kueleza na kufafanua jinsi watu wanavyoitumia lugha fulani kisha kutengeneza kanuni zinazoongoza lugha hiyo pamoja na kufanya maamuzi ya kurasimisha maneno ambayo yameshika kasi kimatumizi katika jamii. Kwa ufupi, huu ni uchambuzi na uchanganuzi wa lugha kadiri inavyotumiwa na watu.

Mkabala wa pili ni uwekaji wa kanuni za kiisimu katika lugha ili zifuatwe na watumiaji wa lugha husika. Hapa wataalamu wanazingatia misingi ya kiisimu ( ambayo ni ya kisayansi) kuweka utaratibu unaotakiwa ufuatwe katika matumizi ya lugha.

2.2 Uhusiano wa MAONYESHO na MAONESHO na Mikabala Iliyoelezwa

Kiufundi/kiisimu/kisayansi: neno ONESHO linatokana na kuona, tunapata pia maonesho; watu wanaoneshwa vitu mbalimbali.

Neno ONYESHA linatokana na ONYA. Mfano: Baba anampa onyo kali mtoto wake.
Huu ndio ufafanunuzi kwa misingi ya mkabala wa pili. Kwa hivyo, tukiamua kutumia mkabala huu kutoa hitimisho, tutasema kwamba neno sahihi ni MAONESHO na sio MAONYESHO.

Tukijikita katika mkabala wa kwanza, kimatumizi ya kawaida (na matumizi hayo yamelazimika kuingizwa katika kamusi baada ya kuona yametamalaki), neno MAONYESHO linachukuliwa sawa na MAONESHO.
Hii ni kutokana na neno hilo kutumiwa sana na watu katikati miktadha rasmi na isiyo rasmi. Wataalamu walilazimika kuliingiza neno hilo katika kamusi baada ya kuona matumizi yake yameshika kasi. Na hapo ndipo mkabala wa kwanza unapofanya kazi.

Tutazame sehemu hii kutoka Kamusi ya Kiswahili- Kiingereza ya TUKI yenye maana za maneno hayo:

"#on.a# kt [ele] 1 see: Kusikia si ku~ hearing is not the same as seeing. 2 feel: Na~ njaa I am feeling hungry. (tde) onea; (tdk) oneka; (tdn) onana; (tds) onesha; (tdw) onwa.

#ony.a# kt [ele] 1 warn, admonish. 2 forbid, prevent. (tde) onyea; (tdk) onyeka; (tdn) onyana; (tds) onyesha; (tdw) onywa.

#onyesh.a# kt [ele] show, exhibit.

#onyesho# nm ma- [li-/ya-] 1 scene (in a play).2 exhibition, show: Ma~ ya vitabu book exhibition/fair"

Kamusi hiyo inatambua kuwapo kwa maneno yote mawili (MAONYESHO na MAONESHO) katika muktadha mmoja.

3.0 Hitimisho

Licha ya utetezi wa matumizi ya maneno hayo yote mawili, hatutegemei mtaalamu wa lugha pamoja na mtu yeyote mwenye uweledi na matumizi ya lugha adhimu ya Kiswahili aseme MAONYESHO bali tunategemea aseme MAONESHO. Hata hivyo, hatutamshutumu wala kumlaumu yoyote atakayetumia neno MAONYESHO bali tutamtofautisha tu kiuweledi katika matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili.

Itaendelea....

Mwl. Issaya S Lupogo
0712-143909
lupogoissaya1@gmail.com
N.b
Issaya pia ni sehemu ya Lupogo Intellectual MCs
Mwl Maeda
Reply
#4
(07-21-2021, 07:22 PM)MwlMaeda Wrote: KUHUSU KUONA/KUONYA na KUONESHA/KUONYESHA

Nawaomba radhi wanaukumbi kwa kuwarudisha nyuma kwenye mazungumzo ya juzi, kuhusu haya maneno yaliyoko hapa juu.

Nianze kwa kuungama. Katika baadhi ya nyakati hutolewa maoni hapa, ambayo nami hutamani niongeze yangu, lakini hujizuia na kujiambia niyapishe yapite. Wakati mwingine huyapisha kwa kuogopea nisije nikaonekana najifanya kuwa ni mjuvi (mjuaji) mno! Lakini mara nyingine hushindwa kujizuia.

Mwenzetu, Bwana (au ni Bibi?) Nii Adjetey, aliomba aelezwe tafauti kati ya "kuonesha" na "kuonyesha." Wa kwanza aliyemjibu akaashiria kwa ufupi tu kwamba "kuonesha" latokana na "ona"; na "kuonyesha" latokana na "onya." Na wenzetu wengine wawili wakafuatia kwa kutoa mifano ya matumizi ya maneno hayo, na kuelezea kwamba "ona" lina maana sawa na "tizama" (tazama); na kwamba "onya" lina maana ya kukanya/kuadibu/kukataza. Nakubaliana na hayo.

Nitakalo kuongeza ni kwamba mbali na kuwa "onya" lina maana hiyo iliyoelezwa, pia lina maana ya "onesha" - ambayo naamini ndiyo maana yake ya asili. Katika lugha ya Kiswahili kuna maneno machache ya vitenzi vilivyomalizika kwa silabi -na, ambavyo vikibadilishwa katika hali ya kusababisha, silabi hiyo ya mwisho hugeuka na kuwa -nya.

Kwa hivyo, basi, ukinionya kitu huwa unanionesha kitu hicho. Waweza pia kumsikia mtu akisema kwamba Fulani alikuja hapa akaruonya vituko!

Na ukiwa mgonjwa, halafu ukala dawa ikakuponya, dawa hiyo huwa imekusababisha wewe kupona.

Tukija katika mambo ya uganga, waganga wanapofanya ya kufanya ili kugonya k'oma, huwa wanaisababisha mizimu kugona, yaani kuilaza au kuituliza. Katika Kiswahili cha kale - na hadi leo katika lugha za Mijikenda - neno "kugona" lina maana ya "kulala." Ndipo kwa wale walio na mke zaidi ya mmoja hutakiwa wagawanye ugoni kwa siku sawa sawa - ukilala siku mbili kwa mke wa kwanza, basi na kwa mke wa pili iwe ni siku mbili pia. Na kutokana na neno "kugona" ndipo tukapata neno "ngono", ambalo twalijua maana yake.

Miongoni mwa maneno yanayofuata kanuni hiyo ni "kana" (=kataa; kutokubali). Kwa hivyo, unapomkanya mtoto huwa unamkataza asifanye jambo fulani, aghlabu jambo ovu au la hatari. Pia neno "dangana" ((= kutokuwa na hakika ya jambo, au kutoujua ukweli wa jambo, au kutatizika na jambo). Kwa hivyo, unapomdanganya mtu huwa unamsababisha asiujue ukweli wa jambo fulani.

Basi, kwa ufupi, neno "onya" lina maana ya kusababisha mtu kuona, kutahadharisha, kukataza, kuadibu. Na "kuonesha" na "kuonyesha", au "maonesho" na "maonyesho", hiyo ni mibadala; hakuna tafauti ya maana.

Baadaye leo, inshaAllah, nitajaribu kutoa maoni yangu kuhusu neno "tasiliti", lililoulizwa maana yake.

- Abdilatif Abdalla

Babu @Abdilatif Abdalla  nimeona labda mtu anaweza kusema yale uliyoyaleta yatakuwa ya Mombasa.Nimeonya nilete na ya Bagamoyo ili kutia nguvu kutoka kwa Mgeni Bin Faqih.

   
   
   

Nakushukuru sana Bwana Njonjolo kwa kutuletea ushahidi mwengine kutoka sehemu nyengine ya Uswahilini, uthibitishao tuliyokuwa tukiyazungumza hapa: kwamba kwa Kiswahili cha asili cha kwingi - kama si kote - neno "onya" lina maana ya "onesha" pia.

Dasturi yangu ni kwamba huwa sisemi jambo ikiwa sina ushahidi walo (au kama sikukinaishwa na ushahidi wenyewe) kutokana na misingi ya asili ya lugha yenyewe. Na huwa sijali ushahidi huo uwe watokana na ulimi upi wa Kiswahili. Maadamu ushahidi huo watokana na Kiswahili - cha kokote kule kuwako - basi ni Kiswahili sahihi hicho.

Baadhi ya watu wakosapo huja (hoja) ya kueleza kwa nini wanakikataa wanachoambiwa kwamba ni sawa kabisa katika Kiswahili, hukimbilia kutoa sababu kwamba hicho si Kiswahili Sanifu bali chatokana na lahaja. Na kuna wengine ambao hata huthubutu kusema kuwa iwapo kuna Waswahili wayatumiao maneno kwa namna ambayo sivyo yalivyozowewa kutumiwa katika Kiswahili Sanifu, basi "watumiaji hao wayatumie kwenye lahaja zao na wasituletee kwenye Kiswahili Sanifu"!! Lakini watu hao nao wana haki ya kuuliza: maneno kama hayo si Kiswahili Sanifu kwa mujibu wa nani, au kwa misingi ipi na kwa misingi ya nani? (Na hapa hatuyasemei yale maneno ambayo yatafautiana na Kiswahili Sanifu kwa matamshi:  kwa mfano, kusema "ndoo" badala ya "njoo"; "tukuwa" badala ya "chukua", na kadhalika).

Au watu hao wakataao maneno kama "onya" kuwa na maana ya "onesha" pia, hutoa sababu ya kwamba hayo ni "makosa yaliyozoweleka" - kwa sababu tu ya kwamba hicho wakikataacho chenda kinyume na  walichokizowea wao, au walichozowezwa, kutokana na namna walivyosomeshwa Kiswahili.

Nimeeleza katika ukumbi huu, si mara mbili si tatu, kwamba tujaribuni kujiepusha na kuyatolea hukumu maana na matumizi ya maneno ya Kiswahili kwa kutegemea Kiswahili kizungumzwacho sehemu fulani tu.  Pia nimepata kuonya hapa kwamba tabia kama hiyo ikiendelezwa yaweza kupelekea kukazuka ubeberu wa lugha. Kwani ubeberu kama huo utokeapo hauna budi na kupata wa kuupinga. Na hilo litokeapo laweza  kuleta mgawanyiko, hali ya kwamba lihitajikalo ni kuweko na mshikamano na ushirikiano wa kuiendeleza na kuieneza zaidi lugha hii katika pembe zote za Afrika. Hii lugha ina mawanda mapana; tusiyafinye! Hii lugha ina sauti kubwa; tusiikabe koo tukaikosesha pumzi! Tuiachilie iendelee kutamba na kujimwashamwasha katika misingi yake ya asili na ya tabia.

- Abdilatif Abdalla
Uhispania,
24 Julai, 2021
Mwl Maeda
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