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AINA ZA KAMUSI

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AINA ZA KAMUSI
#1
MAANA YA KAMUSI
Massamba (2012:24) kamusi ni kitabu cha orodha ya maneno katika lugha, yaliyopangwa kwa utaratibu maalum, pamoja na maana au fasili zake; katika uchanganuzi wa lugha haya ni maneno ya kileksika, yaani yasiyokuwa ya kisarufi au kifonolija.
Tuki (1990:21) kamusi ni kitabu cha orodha ya maneno yaliyopangwa kwa utaratibu maalum, pamoja na maana na fasili zake.
Wamitila (2003:76) kamusi ni kitabu ambacho kina orodha ya maneno katika lugha Fulani ana ambayo hupangwa ki-abjadi au kialfabeti. Maneno haya huelezewa maana zake mbalimbali na labda hata vyanzo vyake.
Matinde (2012:273) kamusi ni kitabu chenye mkusanyiko wa maneno sanifu katika lugha mahususi yaliyoorodheshwa kialfabeti na kutoa taarifa za kifonetiki, kifonolojia, kimofolojia, kisintaksia, na hata kisemantiki.
Nyambari na Masebo (2012:179) kamusi ni kitabu cha marejeleo chenye msamiati uliokusanywa kutoka kwa wazungumzaji wa jamii fulani, na kupangwa kwa utaratibu maalumu, kisha kufafanuliwa kwa namna ambayo msomsji huweza kuelewa.
Kwa ujumla  kamusi ni kitabu chenye orodha ya maneno mbalimbali yaliyopangwa vizuri kwa kufuata alfabeti na hutoa taarifa mbalimbali kama vile maana, matamshi n.k.
MUUNDO WA KAMUSI
1. Utangulizi wa Kamusi
Hii ni sehemu ya mwanzo ambayo hutangulia matini yenyewe ya kamusi.
2. Matini ya Kamusi
Hii ni sehemu ambayo inaonyesha vidahizo na fahiwa zake kuanzia herufi A-Z.
 3. Sherehe ya Kamusi
hizi ni baadhi ya taarifa ambazo huwa zimeandikwa mwishoni mwa kamusi. Kwa mfano majina ya nchi, lugha za mataifa duniani, vipimo vya urefu, vipimo vya uzito, ujazo  n.k.
AINA ZA KAMUSI
Kwa kutumia kigezo cha LUGHA kuna aina kuu tatu (3) za kamusi
1. kamusi wahidiya
hii ni kamusi iliyoandikwa kwa lugha moja
mfano: Kiswahili – Kiswahili
2. kamusi thaniya
Hii ni kamusi inayoandikwa kwa lugha mbili.
mfano: Kiswahili – Kiingereza
3. kamusi mahuluti
Hii ni kamusi inayoandikwa kwa lugha zaidi ya mbili. Kwa mfano Kiswahili-kiingereza-kifaransa.
Kwa kuzingatia dhima ya kamusi tunaweza kuwa na
1. KAMUSI ZA KITAALUMA» kamusi hizi huwa na maneno ya kitaaluma kama vile Fizikia, Biolojia, Isimu… zinaandikwa na wasomi.
2. KAMUSI ZA SEMI» kamusi zenye mkusanyiko wa semi k.v nahau, methali, misemo… zinaeleza maana za semi na matumizi yake.
3. KAMUSI ZA VISAWE»  kamusi zinazoeleza maneno zikitumia visawe vyake katika lugha moja.
4. KAMUSI ZA WATOTO»: kamusi wanazotungiwa watoto na kuwa na maelezo mepesi na picha nyingi.
5. KAMUSI ZA NDEGE »: kamusi hizi huelezea aina mbalimbali za jamii za ndege wapatikanao duniani au katika eneo fulani mahususi.
6. MAKUSI ZA WANYAMA »: kamusi hizi huelezea aina mbalimbali za jamii za wanyama wapatikanao duniani au katika eneo fulani mahususi.
7. KAMUSI ZA MIMEA »: kamusi hizi huelezea aina mbalimbali za jamii za mimea ipatikanayo duniani au katika eneo fulani mahususi.
Taaarifa zinazopatikana katika kamusi
Taarifa hizi huweza kuwa za kisarufi au kileksika
a) taarifa za kisarufi zinazoingizwa katika kamusi.
Nyambari na Masebo (2012:184) wameainisha taarifa zifutazo za kisarufi zinazopatikana katika kamusi.
  • Aina ya neno

  • Asili ya neno

  • Maana za neno

  • Wingi wa nomino

  • Kategoria ya kisarufi ya kidahizo mf. Kitenzi (kt), nomino (nm) n.k

  • Vinyumbuo vya vitenzi mf. Piga-pigwa-pigana-pigika n.k

  • Ngeli za nomino mf. Mtu (A-YU), kazi (i-)

  • Matamshi ya neno

  • Elekezi au sielekezi. Mfano: Apiza kt  [ele], Anguka kt  [sie]

  • Mifano ya matumizi
b) Taarifa za kileksia zinazopatikana katika kamusi
Matinde (2012:275-281) anaeleza taarifa zifuatazo za kileksia ambazo zinapatikana katika kamusi ya lugha.
  • Mpangilio wa vidahizo

  • Kategoria za maneno

  • Umoja na wingi

  • Upatanisho wa kisarufi

  • Uelekezi wa vitenzi

  • Maana ya vidahizo

  • Tahajia za maneno

  • Mifano ya matumizi

  • Methali, nahau na misemo

  • Timolojia ya leksimu

  • Michoro/ picha

  • Matamshi
DHIMA ZA KAMUSI
  • Huonesha tahajia sahihi za maneno

  • Huonesha maana za maneno

  • Huonesha matamshi sahihi ya maneno

  • Huonesha asili ya neno

  • Humsaidia mtumiaji kujifunza lugha za kigeni

  • Huonesha alama na vifupisho mbalimbali katika lugha husika.
                     Marejeleo
Massamba. D.P.B.(2004 ). Kamusi ya isimu na falsafa ya lugha. Dares salaam: TUKI
Masebo . J. A. & Nyangwine. N. (2012). Kiswahili kidato cha tatu na nne . Dares salaam: nyambari nyangwine publishers
Matinde. R. S. (2012). Dafina ya lugha. Isimu na nadharia. Kwa sekondari, vyuo va kati na vyuo vikuu. Mwanza : Serengeti bookshop.
TUKI (1990).kamusi sanifu ya isimu na lugha. Dares salaam: Tuki na Educational publishers and distributors ltd.
Wamitila. K. W. (2003). Kamusi ya fasihi, istilahi na nadharia. Nairobi: Focus publishers ltd.
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