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Wasifu wa Julius Nyerere

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Wasifu wa Julius Nyerere
#1
[Image: wasifu.jpg]
[Image: Julius_Nyerere_cropped.jpg]
Mwalimu Julius Nyerere
Muda wa Utawala
26 April 1964 – 5 November 1985
Waziri Mkuu
Rashidi Kawawa (1972–77)
Edward Sokoine (1977–80)
Cleopa Msuya (1980–83)
Edward Sokoine (1983–84)
Salim A. Salim (1984–85)
Makamu wa Rais
Abeid Karume (1964–72)
Aboud Jumbe (1972–84)
Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1984–85)
aliyemfuata
Rais wa Tanganyika
Muda wa Utawala
9 December 1962 – 25 April 1964
Waziri Mkuu
Waziri Mkuu wa Tanganyika
Muda wa Utawala
1 May 1961 – 22 January 1962
Monarch
mtangulizi
Ofisi iliundwa
aliyemfuata
Waziri Kiongozi wa Tanganyika
Muda wa Utawala
2 September 1960 – 1 May 1961
Monarch
tarehe ya kuzaliwa
13 Aprili 1922
tarehe ya kufa
14 Oktoba 1999 (umri 77)
mahali pa kuzikiwa
utaifa
chama
ndoa
Maria Nyerere
watoto
7
mhitimu wa
Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh
Fani yake
Mwalimu
dini
tovuti
Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Butiama, mkoani Mara, pembezoni mwa Ziwa Nyanza13 Aprili 1922 – LondonUingereza14 Oktoba 1999) alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa Tanzania, na mara nyingi anatajwa kama “baba wa taifa”. Kwa hakika aliiathiri kuliko yeyote yule. Ndiye mwasisi wa itikadi ya ujamaa na kujitegemea iliyotangazwa hasa katika Azimio la Arusha.
Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa alikuwa ni mwalimuKazi hiyo ndiyo iliyompatia jina ambalo lilimkaa maisha yake yote la “Mwalimu.”
Kwanza aliongoza Tanganyika toka mwaka 1961 hadi 1964 kama waziri mkuu, halafu kama rais; baada ya muunganowake na Zanzibar, aliongoza Tanzania kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi mwaka 1985 kama rais.
Mwalimu Nyerere ni kati ya viongozi wachache wa Afrika ambao wameacha madaraka kwa hiari baada ya kutawala kwa muda mrefu, akiwa bado anapendwa na wananchi walio wengi.
Alipostaafu urais mwaka 1985 alirudi kijijini kwake Butiama ambako aliendesha shughuli za kilimo. Hata hivyo aliendelea kuwa na athari kubwa katika siasa ya Tanzania hadi kifo chake.
Kwa ruhusa ya makao makuu ya Kanisa Katoliki duniani, Jimbo Katoliki la Musoma linashughulikia kesi ya kumtangaza mwenye heri na hatimaye mtakatifu. Kwa sababu hiyo anaitwa pia “mtumishi wa Mungu“.
Maisha yake
Julius Kambarage Nyerere alizaliwa mwaka 1922 katika kijiji cha Butiama, wilaya ya Musomamkoa wa Mara, Tanzania (wakati ule: Tanganyika).
Alikuwa mmojawapo kati watoto 26 wa Nyerere Burito, chifu wa kabila la Wazanaki.
Alipokuwa mtoto Nyerere alichunga mifugo ya baba yake; katika umri wa miaka 12 aliingia shule akitembea kilomita 30 hadi Musoma.
Baada ya kumaliza shule ya msingi aliendelea kusomea shule ya wamisionari Wakatoliki huko Tabora.
Katika umri wa miaka 20 alibatizwa akawa Mkristo Mkatoliki hadi mwisho wa maisha yake.
Mapadri wakiona akili yake kubwa walimsaidia kusomea ualimu huko MakerereKampalaUganda kuanzia mwaka 1943hadi 1945.
Akiwa Makerere alianzisha tawi la Umoja wa Wanafunzi Watanganyika, pia alijihusisha na tawi la Tanganyika African Association (TAA).
Baada ya kumaliza masomo ya ualimu alirudi Tabora akifundisha shule ya St.Mary.
Mwaka 1949 alipata [[skolashipu[[ ya kwenda kusoma kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha EdinburghUskotiUfalme wa Muungano, akapata M.A. ya historia na uchumi (alikuwa Mtanganyika wa kwanza kusoma katika chuo kikuu cha Uingereza na wa pili kupata shahada ya elimu ya juu nje ya Tanganyika).
Aliporejea kutoka masomoni, alifundisha Historia, Kiingereza na Kiswahili katika shule ya St. Francis iliyo karibu na Dar es Salaam.
Mwaka 1953 alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa chama cha Tanganyika African Association (TAA), chama ambacho alikisaidia kukijenga alipokuwa mwanafunzi katika chuo kikuu cha Makerere.
Mwaka 1954 alibadilisha jina la chama cha TAA kwenda chama cha Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), ambacho pia kilikuwa cha kisiasa zaidi kuliko TAA. Ndani ya mwaka mmoja chama cha TANU kikawa tayari chama cha siasa kinachoongoza nchini Tanganyika.
Uwezo wa Nyerere uliwashtua viongozi wa kikoloni akalazimika kuchagua kati ya siasa na kazi ya ualimu. Nyerere alisikika akijisemea kuwa mwalimu kwa kuchagua na mwanasiasa kwa bahati mbaya.
Alijiuzulu ualimu na kuzunguka nchi nzima ya Tanganyika kuzungumza na watu wa kawaida na machifu ili kuleta umojakatika kupigania uhuru. Pia alizungumza kwa niaba ya TANU katika Trusteeship Council na Fourth Committee ya Umoja wa Mataifa (UN) huko New York.
Uwezo wake wa kuongea na wa kuunganisha watu ulimwezesha kufanikisha Tanganyika kupata uhuru bila umwagaji wa damu.
Ushirikiano mzuri aliouonyesha aliyekuwa gavana wa wakati huo, Richard Turnbull, ulisaidia pia kuharakisha upatikanaji wa uhuru.
Nyerere aliingia katika bunge la kikoloni mwaka 1958 na kuchaguliwa kuwa waziri mkuu mwaka 1960.
Mwaka 1961 Tanganyika ilipata uhuru wake na tarehe 9 Desemba 1961 Nyerere alichaguliwa kuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika huru; mwaka mmoja baadaye akawa rais wa kwanza wa Jamhuri ya Tanganyika.
Nyerere alikuwa kiungo muhimu katika muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar kutengeneza Tanzania mara baada ya mapinduzi ya Zanzibar mwaka 1964 yaliyomtoa madarakani sultani wa Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah.
[Image: Julius_Nyerere_1977.jpg]
Julius Nyerere akiwa mzee mnamo mwaka 1977.
Tarehe 5 Februari 1977 aliongoza chama cha TANU kuungana na chama tawala cha Zanzibar Afro Shirazi Party na kuanzisha chama kipya cha CCM (Chama cha Mapinduzi) akiwa mwenyekiti wake wa kwanza.
Nyerere aliendelea kuongoza taifa hadi 1985 alipomwachia nafasi rais wa pili, Ali Hassan Mwinyi.
Aliacha kuongoza Tanzania ikiwa ni mojawapo kati ya nchi maskini zaidi duniani, ingawa yenye huduma za elimu na afya zilizoenea kwa wananchi wengi.
Hata hivyo aliendelea kuongoza CCM hadi mwaka 1990 na kuwa na athari kubwa katika siasa ya Tanzania hadi kifo chake.
Kwa mfano, inasadikika kuwa Nyerere alishawishi uteuzi wa Benjamin W. Mkapa kama mgombea wa urais mwaka 1995, ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa rais kwenye uchaguzi.
Nyerere alikaa muda mwingi kwake Butiama akilima shamba lake. Pamoja na haya alianzisha taasisi yenye jina lake; mwaka 1996 alionekana akiwa mpatanishi wa pande mbalimbali za vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe huko Burundi.
Tarehe 14 Oktoba 1999 aliaga dunia katika hospitali ya St Thomas mjini London baada ya kupambana na kansa ya damu.
Mafanikio na kasoro
[Image: 250px-Muungano.JPG]
Nyerere akichanganya udongo wa Zanzibar na Tanganyika wakati wa muungano mwaka 1964.
Mafanikio[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Kati ya mafanikio makubwa ya Nyerere kuna: kujenga umoja wa taifa kati ya watu wa makabila na dini tofauti, na hivyo kudumisha amani ya muda mrefu tofauti na hali ya nchi jirani, iliyofanya Tanzania iitwe “kisiwa cha amani”.
Pia kustawisha utamaduni wa Kiafrika pamoja na lugha ya Kiswahili, kushinda ubaguzi wa rangi, kutetea usalama wa taifakatika vita dhidi ya mvamizi Idi Amin wa Uganda.
Kutoa mchango kwa vyama vya ukombozi vya nchi za Kusini mwa Afrika kama vile: Zimbabwe (ZANU), Afrika Kusini(ANC na PAC), Namibia (SWAPO), Angola (MPLA) na Msumbiji (Frelimo).
Ukosoaji dhidi yake
[Image: 170px-Nyerere_2.jpg]
Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Nyerere analaumiwa kwa siasa yake ya kiujamaa kuwa ilichelewesha maendeleo ya kiuchumi wa Tanzania. Siasa yake ya ujamaa ilishindikana kwa kiasi kikubwa baada ya mwaka 1976 kwa sababu mbalimbali za nje na za ndani ya nchi.
Baada ya kuona kuwa uchumi wa Tanzania hautaweza kusimama kwa siasa ya kijamaa na kuwa hataweza kuvumilia kuendesha nchi kwa siasa nyingine ambazo yeye hakuwa na imani nazo, Nyerere kwa hiari yake mwenyewe aliamua kustaafu nafasi ya urais kuanzia uchaguzi wa mwaka 1985 na kumwachia usukani Ali Hassan Mwinyi, aliyetawala kwa siasa ya uchumi wa soko huria.
Katika hali ya kukubali ukweli, Nyerere katika tafrija ya kumwaga alitamka juu ya siasa yake upande wa uchumi: “Nimefeli. Tukubali hivyo.”
Kosa lingine ambalo wengine wanaona Nyerere alilifanya ni kumhadaa aliyekuwa Rais wa Zanzibar Mzee Abeid Amaan Karume kwa kuziunganisha Tanganyika na Zanzibar, na kuanza kupora mamlaka ya Zanzibar kidogokidogo. Kwa hivi sasa Wanzanzibari wengi wamechoka na Muungano huo, na wanataka uhuru wa nchi yao ili wapumue. Hata upande wa bara wananchi wengi wanalalamikia kutoweka kwa Tanganyika na serikali yake.
Pia kuna makundi ya Waislamu wanaomtuhumu kwa kuendesha kwa siri vita dhidi ya dini yao na kupendelea Wakristo katika utoaji wa elimu na madaraka,japo wasomi wengi kwa kipindi cha utawala wake walikuwa Wakristo.
[Image: 250px-Nyerere_bao_butiama.jpg]
Nyerere akicheza bao kwake Butiama, akitazamwa na mwandamizi wake katika urais Ali Hassan Mwini, mke wake Mama Maria, na kaka yake, chifu Burito.
Sifa zake
Pamoja na hayo, Nyerere bado anakumbukwa na Watanzania hasa wa hali ya chini kutokana na sera zake za kujali utu. Pia ataendelea kukumbukwa na Waafrika barani kote hasa kwa mchango wake mkubwa wakati wa harakati za kupigania uhuru katika nchi mbali mbali barani Afrika.
Ni mmoja wa viongozi wachache waadilifu waliokwepa kujilimbikizia mali pamoja na kutawala kwa miaka zaidi ya 24.
[Image: 220px-Nyerere_grave.jpg]
Kaburi la Nyerere kijijini Butiama.
Mwishoni mwa maisha yake Nyerere aliishi kama mkulima wa kawaida kijijini kwake Butiama. Alipatwa na kansa ya damu (leukemia) akafariki Uingereza wakati wa kutibiwa katika mji wa London tarehe 14 Oktoba 1999.
Alizikwa mahali pa kuzaliwa kwake, kijiji cha Butiama.
Heshima na Tuzo
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[url=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Nyerere#cite_note-10][10]
Tuzo
Kisha kufa
Machapisho ya mwl.Julius K. Nyerere
  • Freedom and Unity (Uhuru na Umoja): Mkusanyiko wa maandiko na hotuba, 1952–1965 (Oxford University Press, 1967)
  • Freedom and Socialism (Uhuru na Ujamaa). Mkusanyiko wa maandiko na hotuba, 1965-1967 (1968)
    • Ndamo zimo: “The Arusha Declaration”; “Education for self-reliance”; “The varied paths to socialism”; “The purpose is man”; and “Socialism and development.”
  • Freedom & Development (Uhuru na Maendeleo). Mkusanyiko wa maandiko na hotuba, 1968-73 (Oxford University Press, 1974)
    • Ndani zimo mada za elimu kwa watu wazima; uhuru na maendeleo; kujitegemea; na miaka kumi ya uhuru.

  • Ujamaa – Essays on Socialism’ (1977)
  • Crusade for Liberation (1979)
  • Julius Kaisari, Tafsiri ya mchezo wa William Shakespeare unaoitwa Julius Caesar
  • Mabepari wa Venisi, Tafsiri ya mchezo mwingine wa William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice
  • Utenzi wa Enjili Kadiri ya Utungo wa Mathayo, Tafsiri ya kishairi ya Injili ya Mathayo
  • Utenzi wa Enjili Kadiri ya Utungo wa Marko, Tafsiri ya kishairi ya Injili ya Marko
  • Utenzi wa Enjili Kadiri ya Utungo wa Luka, Tafsiri ya kishairi ya Injili ya Luka
  • Utenzi wa Enjili Kadiri ya Utungo wa Yohana, Tafsiri ya kishairi ya Injili ya Yohane
  • Utenzi wa Matendo ya Mitume, Tafsiri ya kishairi ya Matendo ya Mitume
Mwl Maeda
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