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Swali:Eleza Athari ya viambishi nyambulishi

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Swali:Eleza Athari ya viambishi nyambulishi
#1
Maana ya Viambishi:
Kutokana na Riro S. Matinde katika kitabu chake cha  Dafina ya Lugha na Nadharia, (2012).  Anasema; “Kiambishi hutokana na neno ambika ambapo kuambika ni kuweka kitu mahali kwa kukiegemeza kwa kingine”.  Hivyo basi anaendelea kusema kuwa; “Viambishi ni vineno vilivyoshikishwa katika mzizi wa kitenzi, kabla na hata baada ya mzizi wa kitenzi hicho”.
Hivyo basi tunaweza kusema kuwa viambishi ni maneno yanayowekwa mwanzoni au mwishoni mwa kitenzi na kuleta maana fulani.  Pia tunaweza kusema kuwa kiambishi ni silahi inayofungamanishwa na mzizi wa neno, kwa hiyo kiambishi ni Mofimu Tegemezi.
Riro S. Matinde anaendelea kusema kuwa kuna aina mbili za viambishi ambavyo ni:-
(1)Viambishi Awali – hivi ni viambishi ambavyo hutokea mwanzoni mwa Kitenzi (kabla ya mzizi) na huwa vya aina mbalimbali.
(2)Viambishi Tamati – Hivi ni viambishi ambavyo hutokea mwishoni mwa Kitenzi (baada ya mzizi).
Viambishi vya Mnyambuliko:
Vitenzi hunyumbuliwa au kurefushwa kwa kuongezwa viambishi ambavyo hudokeza kauli mbalimbali kati ya Kitenzi na Kiishio.  Viambishi hivi vya mnyambuliko ni viambishi ambavyo hutokea baada ya mzizi wa kitenzi.  Huwa upande wa kulia wa mzizi.  Matinde anaeleza kuwa Viambishi hivi huwa na uamilifu ufuatao:
(a)Kiishio hicho ni kiambishi ambacho hutokea mwishoni mwa Kitenzi, aghalabu {a} hutokea katika vitenzi vinavyotokana na lugha za kibantu ilihali {e}au {i} au {u} hutokea katika vitenzi vyenye asili ya lugha za kigeni, mathalani ingia, ongoza, vua, starehe, ahidi, sahau na vinginevyo vingi.
(b)Virejeshi – virejeshi hutumika kulingana na ngeli za nomino, viambishi hivi hutuelekeza kwa mtenda au mtendwa katika baadhi ya vitenzi.
Kwa mfano:
(i) Vibaka wasumbuao mjini wmeongezeka mara dufu.
(ii) Akufukuzaye hakwambii toka.
(iii)Kimsumbuacho ni urembo wake.
(iv)Amwambiaye uongo ni bibi yake.
Kwa maana hiyo tunaweza kusema kuwa viambishi vya mnyambuliko wa vitenzi hubadilika Kisintaksia kulingana na mnyambuliko wa vitenzi. Kwani kama inavyojulikana kuwa Sintaksia ni tawi la Isimu linalojishughulisha na maumbo mbalimbali ya maneno.
Kutokana na maelezo hayo hapo juu tunaweza kusema kwamba athari za viambishi vinyambulishi katika kitenzi zinaweza kuonekana katika kauli mbalimbali kama ifuatavyo:
(i) Kuali ya kutendea.
(ii)Kauli ya kutendewa .
(iii)Kauli ya kutendana .
(iv)Kauli ya kutendesha.
(i)Kauli ya kutendea – Kauli hii huonyesha hali ya kumfanyia mtu/kitu jambo fulani, na hapa atahari ya kiambishi huonekana pale ambapo Kitenzi hunyambuliwa au hurefushwa.  Kwa mfano:
  • Soma – som-e-a.
  • Imba – imb-i-a.
  • Cheza – chez-e-a.
  • Osha – osh-e-a
(ii) Kauli ya kutendewa – Kauli hii huonyesha mtu / kitu kufanyiwa jambo fulani na mtu/kitu mwininge na athari ya kiambishi huonekana kama ifuatavyo:-
  • Weka – wek-ew-a.
  • Lima – Lim-iw-a.
  • Lipa – Lip-iw-a.
  • Beba – beb-ew-a.
(iii) Kauli ya kutendana – Hii ni ile hali ya kumfanya mtu kitendo naye anakufanya hivyo hivyo:
Mfano:
  • Piga – pig-an-a.
  • Pika – piki-a-na.
  • Omba – omb-a-n-a.
  • Fanya – fany-a-n-a.
(iv) Kauli ya kutendesha – Hii ni ile hali ya kumfanya mtu atende jambo Fulani.  Mfano wa athari za vitenzi vinyambulishi katika kauli hii ya kutendesha ni kama ifuatavyo:
  • Andika – andik-ish-a.
  • Lima – lim-ish-a.
  • Cheza – chez-esh-a.
  • Soma – som-esh-a.
Hivyo basi kwa kuhitimisha tunaweza kusema kuwa viambishi vinyambulishi vina athari katika vitenzi kwani huonyesha kauli mbalimbali.   Pia ambapo vitenzi huyambuliwa au kurefusha
Mwl Maeda
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