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<![CDATA[JIFUNZE KISWAHILI - Historia ya makabila ya kibantu]]> https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/ 2024-12-21T12:34:05Z MyBB Kieth_winsett]]> 2023-04-24T07:45:32Z 2023-04-24T07:45:32Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=2923 <![CDATA[Buy Vilitra 60 Mg |【Get Extra Offer + Free Shipping】| Book now!!!]]> Vilitra 60 mg pill can harden your erections. Unless you have erectile dysfunction, you do now not want to take the pills. The drugs are used in an affected person struggling with erectile insufficiency, higher acknowledged as erectile dysfunction. Taking a Vilitra 60 mg tablet improves blood float to the penis and as a consequence leads to erections with the stimulation of Vilitra 60 mg.
Composition
Vilitra 60 mg pill doses have a frequent ingredient known as Vardenafil. This vardenafil is an inhibitor of the PDE5 hormone that can enlarge blood glide to the tissues of the penis, inflicting you to get erections. Taking Vilitra 60 mg or a decreased dose of Vilitra 10 drugs capability you are taking typical Vardenafil.
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Kieth_winsett]]> 2023-04-04T12:07:18Z 2023-04-04T12:07:18Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=2920 <![CDATA[About the Vidalista 60 Mg medicine]]> Vidalista 60 reviews consists of Tadalafil as an energetic ingredient It is one of the most effective pills used to deal with erectile dysfunction or impotence in men. It helps to obtain the right penile erection in guys for the duration of sexual intercourse. Vidalista is prescribed by using physicians all over the world when you consider that it is regarded to be very positive and secure at the equal time. It is handy in assorted strengths from 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, forty mg, 60 mg, and eighty mg. Vidalista is usually reachable in blister packs. They can be sold with a prescription in each online and offline pharmacy.
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Kieth_winsett]]> 2023-04-03T06:49:51Z 2023-04-03T06:49:51Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=2919 <![CDATA[What Is Vidalista 60?]]> Vidalista 60mg is a classification PDE5 inhibitor medicinal drug that is used to deal with erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence in men. The affected person may additionally purchase Vidalista 60 mg capsules if the physician prescribes it for the signs and symptoms of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia). Vidalista 60 is manufactured through Centurion Laboratories in India.
The sufferers taking Vidalista 60 mg India opinions that the remedy is notably positive in gaining quicker erection which stays for a longer duration. This occurs because of the lively ingredient Tadalafil. You might also purchase Vidalista 60 from amazon or depended-on web sites if you have the prescription.
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Once the affected person is sexually stimulated, Tadalafil turns into action. It interferes with the cGMP cycle and prevents its breakdown of it. Vidalista 60 mg drugs launch nitric oxide in the physique which relaxes the easy muscular tissues around the pelvic organs and promotes and regulates the blood waft in the penis. This helps to achieve consistency with a more difficult erection that lasts for a longer length than usual. The impact of Vidalista Tadalafil 60 stays for around 36 to forty-eight hours and the medicinal drug suggests its effectiveness within 30 to 50 minutes of its consumption. click here: Visit also: Vidalista 10 mg pillsziverdo kit]]>
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3. Kaka: Ndugu wa kiume.
4. Dada: Ndugu wa kike.
5. Nyanya/Bibi: Mama wa baba au mama.
6. Babu: Baba wa mama au baba.
7. Mjukuu: Mtoto wa mwana.
8. Kitukuu: Mwana wa mjukuu.
9. Kilembwe: Mwana wa kitukuu.
10. Kilembwekeza/kining’ina: Mwana wa kilembwe.
11. Ami/amu: Kaka wa baba.
12. Shangazi/mbiomba amati: Dada wa baba.
13. Mjomba/hau: Kaka wa mama.
14. Halati/hale: Dada wa mama bila kubagua kama ndiye mdogo au mkubwa kwa mama yako mzazi. Pia huitwa hale.
15. Mkazahau: Mke wa mjomba.
16. Mkazamwana: Mke wa mwana au mke wa mtoto wako.
17. Mavyaa: Mzazi wa kike wa mume.
18. Bavyaa: Mzazi wa kiume wa mume wako.
19. Mamamkwe: Mama wa mke/Mume.
20. Babamkwe: Baba wa mke/Mume.
21. Mcheja: Mzazi wa mke au mume (mkwe).
22. Kivyere : Jina la wazazi wa mume na wazazi wa mke hutumia kuitana.
23. Mpwa: Mtoto wa dada wa mtu mwanamume; jina analotumia mjomba kumwita mtoto wa dadake.
24. Mkoi: Mtoto wa shangazi, mjomba, halati.
25. Binamu: Mwana wa kiume wa ami.
26. Bintiamu: Mwana wa kike wa ami.
27. Shemeji: Ndugu wa mke au ndugu wa mume.
28. Mama wa kambo: Mama asiyekuzaa lakini anakulea.
29. Baba wa kambo: Baba asiyekuzaa
30. Umbu: Jina waitanalo kaka na dada. Ni jinsi kaka anavyomwita dada naye dada anavyomwita kaka wakiwa wamezaliwa na mzazi mmoja.
31. Ndugu mlungizi: Ndugu anayekufuata
32. Ndugu mlungizi: Ndugu anayekufuata nyuma.
33. Wifi: (a) Mke wa kaka. Iwapo wewe ni msichana, mke wa kaka yako utamwita wifi. (b) Dada wa mume: Iwapo msichana ameolewa dada wa mumewe atamwita wifi.
34. Mwamu/mlamu: a) Kaka wa mke. Mwanamume akioa, kaka wa mkewe atamwita mlamu. b) Mume wa dada: mvulana au mwanamume atamwita mume wa dadaye – mlamu.
35. Mwanyumba: Ni mwanaume mwenzako aliyeoa kutoka boma moja ulikooa wewe. Ni mume wa dada wa mke wako.
36. Mkemwenza/mitara: Jina wanalotumia wanawake walioolewa na mwanamume mmoja.
37. Kifungamimba/ kitindamimba/ mziwanda: Mtoto wa mwisho kuzaliwa katika familia.
38. Mwanambee/kifunguamimba/kichinjamimba: Mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa katika familia.
39. Nyanyamkuu: Mama wa nyanya.
40. Babamkuu: Baba wa babu.
41. Maharimu: Mtu usiyeweza kumwoa au kuolewa naye kwa sababu ya uhusiano wa nasaba.
42. Mnuna: Ndugu anayenifuata ndugu mdogo.
43. Baba mkubwa – Ndugu wa kiume, mkubwa wa baba yako.
44. Baba mdogo – Ndugu wa kiume, mdogo wa baba yako.]]>
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-26T03:23:02Z 2021-11-26T03:23:02Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1558 <![CDATA[SHUJAA WA WANGONI NDUNA SONGEA MBANO HAKUSALITI JAMAA ZAKE NA UTAWALA WAKE…..!!!!!]]> [Image: nduna.jpg]
Nduna Songea Mbano, muda mfupi kabla ya kuuawa
Nduna Songea: Shujaa wa Wangoni aliyewapeleka puta wajerumani..SHUJAA WETU HAKUSALITI JAMAA ZAKE NA UTAWALAWAKE..!!. HUWEZI kuielezea na kuikamilisha historia ya vita ya Majimaji na ukombozi wa nchi yetu
bila kumtaja shujaa wa kabila la Wangoni, Nduna Songea Mbano ambaye jina lake lilipewa hadhi ya kuuita mji wa Songea kutoka kwenye jina la Ndonde mwaka 1906.
Kiongozi huyo alikuwa ni miongoni mwa wasaidizi ( Nduna) 12 wa Chifu wa kabila la wangoni (Nkosi) chifu Mputa bin Gwezerapasi Gama. Wasaidizi wake wengine walikuwa ni Mgendera Mawaso Gama, Kohongo Magagura, Mputa Mkuzo Gama, Magodi Mbamba Mbano, Mtekateka Muyamuya Tawete, Fratela Fusi Gama. Manduna wengine ni Maji ya Kuhanga Komba, Zimanimoto Gama, Mpambalyoto Soko Msalawani, Mtepa Hawaya Gama na Nduna Mkomanile ambaye alikuwa ni mwanamke pekee kuwa nduna.
Nduna Songea Mbano alikuwa maarufu kuliko manduna wenzake na hata chifu Mputa Gama alikuwa anamtegemea sana katika kuwaongoza manduna na wapiganaji wa vita ya Majimaji kiujumla.  Mhifadhi kiongozi wa Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Majimaji Songea, Philipo Maligissu
akizungumzia maisha ya Nduna Songea Mbano katika viwanja vya Makumbusho hayo, anasema kuwa Nduna Songea Mbano weledi ndio uliompa umaarufu sana.
Kutokana na weledi na ushadi wake, aliwazidi wenzake 11 katika mbinu za kuandaa mikakati ya kivita, kutoa uamuzi mzito pasi na kutetereka na kusimamia utekelezaji wake kikamilifu.
Kwa umakini mkubwa, Nduna Songea Mbano aliweza kufanya kile alichokuwa akikiamini na uthibitisho wa jambo hilo ulianza kujitokeza Julai 12, 1897 katika viwanja vya Bomani kwa mkuu wa Wilaya wa Wajerumani, Luteni Engelhardt.
Maligissu anasema rekodi zilizopo zinaonesha kuwa tarehe hiyo Nduna Songea Mbano, alionekana kuwa ni mtu wa kipekee katika idadi ya manduna 11 ambao walikuwa wasaidizi
wa Chifu Mputa Gama kwa kitendo chake cha kubisha wazi wazi tamko la utawala mpya wa Wajerumani la kutaka Wangoni wakomeshe biashara ya utumwa.
Siku hiyo ilikuwa ni rasmi ambayo utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa unaanzishwa katika mji wa Songea, wakati huo ukiitwa Ndonde na Mkoa wa Ruvuma kiujumla ukiwa chini ya Luteni
Engelhardt aliyekuwa Mkuu wa Jeshi Kanda ya Kusini.
Wajerumani walipofika kuanzisha makoloni yao katika maeneo ya ukanda wa kusini walikutana na msuguano mkubwa kutoka kwa tawala za Kiafrika, hasa tawala za Wangoni.
Maligissu anasema kuwa Wangoni walikuwa na tabia ya kwenda mikoa ya Lindi na Mtwara
kuvamia, kuchukua mateka na kuwapeleka Songea kuwafanyisha shughuli mbalimbali katika maeneo yao ya utawala wao.
Tabia hiyo ya Wangoni iliwachukiza sana Wajerumani, kwani walikuwa wanaheshimu sana makubaliano yaliyofikiwa kutoka kwenye mkutano wa Berlin wa 1884 /85.
Katika mkutano huo moja ya makubaliano ni na kila nchi yenye koloni barani Afrika ikomeshe biashara ya utumwa, hasa ikizingatiwa kwamba Wajerumani walikuwa wamejiimarisha sana.
Hivyo walipofika Ruvuma wakatoa tamko kwa Wangoni kuwa hairuhusiwi na haitaruhusiwa tena kwenda Lindi, Mtwara au kokote kuchukua mateka na kwamba mateka wote waliochukuliwa na Wangoni waachiwe huru.
Baada ya Wajerumani kutoa tamko hilo, ndipo Nduna Songea Mbano alipojitokeza waziwazi
na kusimama kujibu hoja iliyotolewa na Wajerumani kuhusu tamko hilo.
Nduna Songea Mbano alisema kuwa utawala wa kabila la Wangoni hauwezi kutekeleza tamko hilo na kwamba msimamo wao ni kutoutambua utawala mpya wa Kijerumani na tamko lao.
Kwamba ujio wa Wajerumani na tamko lao kwa Wangoni vililenga kudhoofisha utawala wa machifu na manduna katika maeneo yao kwa kufuata kanuni zao za kimila na kitamaduni.
Kuanzia hapo Wajerumani walimwona Nduna Songea Mbano kuwa ni mtu hatari sana katika utawala wao mpya, hivyo kumweka alama maalumu na kuanza kumfuatilia nyendo zake.
Alionekana kuwa kiongozi shupavu mwenye misimamo mikali na anayezingatia heshima na utu wa kabila lake bila kuyumbishwa. Alionekana kuwa pekee mwenye uwezo mkubwa wa kufanya kazi katika mazingira yoyote kwa kushirikiana na wananchi wake ambao walikuwa
wanamheshimu sana na kumsikiliza.
Maligissu anaeleza kuwa Nduna Songea Mbano alikuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kuwaunganisha
wananchi wake na kuwa na umoja, upendo na mshikamano na kwamba alikuwa akiwaelekeza jambo wanalifanya kwa umakini na kwa ukamilifu.
Nduna Songea Mbano aliendelea kujizolea umaarufu mkubwa na baada ya kutamka kuwa yupo tayari kwa lolote lile na hawezi kukubali kuona tawala za Kiafrika zinadharauliwa na wakoloni kwa namna yeyote ile.
Wajerumani wakaamua kuwaalika machifu na manduna wote Julai 13, 1897 Bomani kwa mkuu wa wilaya na kuwaambia kuwa mtu yeyote katika eneo lake atakayekaidi amri yoyote kutoka kwa uongozi mpya wa Wajerumani atapigwa risasi, kunyongwa hadi kufa au kufungwa maisha. Siku hiyo hiyo machifu na manduna walichukuliwa hadi juu ya mlima wa shabaha wa Chandamari, katikati ya mji wa Songea na kuoneshwa nguvu ya risasi inavyoweza kufanya kazi katika mwili wa binadamu na kwamba silaha za kijadi na kimila za Wangoni hazingeweza kufua dafu mbele ya silaha hizo.
Licha ya Wajerumani kutoa vitisho vingi, Nduna Songea aliendelea na msimamo wake wa awali wa kuchukia na kuupinga utawala wa Wajerumani na kuutetea utawala wa Kiafrika mpaka ilipokuja kutokea Vita ya Majimaji. Nduna Songea alitoa ushindani mkubwa sana katika vita hivyo na kuonesha ustadi mkubwa kwenye mapigano na katika sehemu zote ambazo Wajerumani walipigana, wameandika kuwa hawakupata ushindi mkubwa kama waliopata katika mkoa wa Ruvuma, zamani nchi ya Ungoni.
Viongozi wao hawakuwa wanafiki, kwani walijitoa kikwelikweli kusaka ukombozi na hadhi ya tamaduni zao mpaka dakika ya mwisho. Ndio maana idadi kubwa ya watu walionyongwa katika historia ya Tanzania walitoka katika himaya ya Nduna Songea Mbano na ushahidi upo wazi kuwa watu 67 walihukumiwa kunyongwa hadi kufa, akiwamo Nduna Songea Mbano.
Katika kuonesha kuwa Nduna Songea alikuwa na uwezo wa kufanya mambo kwa weledi mkubwa bila kusaliti dhamira yake kuanzia mwaka 1897 aliandaa jeshi lake la kupambana na utawala wa Wajerumani.
Akaanza kuchukua watu wake na kuwapeleka juu ya mlima wa Chandamari kufanya nao mkutano, kutoa mafunzo ya kivita na kuwaelekeza kwa nini Wajerumani wachukiwe.
Katika mlima huo ndipo alipoeleza kwa kina madhara ya kuukubali utawala wa Wajerumani
na kutoa ahadi kwa wananchi wake ya kuwaondoa Wajerumani kwa lazima na kuwa eneo hilo ni la Wangoni, wamekuwa wakiishi siku zote chini ya utawala wao, hivyo haiwezekani wapelekewe utawala mpya wakati hawauhitaji.
Chokochoko hizo zilizaa vita vya Majimaji na wakati mapigano yakiendelea Wajerumani walianza kumtafuta Nduna Songea ili wamkamate na kufanya naye mazungumzo ya maridhiano.  Kumbe Songea Mbano alikuwa amejificha kwenye pango kubwa lililopo kwenye mlima wa Chandamari na usiku alikuwa akikutana na askari wake nje ya pango hilo na kuwapa mafunzo zaidi ya kivita.  Maligissu anaeleza kuwa Nduna Songea alikuwa anaishi na ndugu zake katika eneo la Mateka, leo hii manispaa ya Songea na wakati wa vita ndipo Songea Mbano alikuwa anajificha katika pango hilo ili wasimkamate mpaka atakapotimiza malengo yake.  Wajerumani walipoona wanaendelea kupata madhara makubwa kutokana na vita hivyo, waliamua kuwakamata ndugu na familia yake, Chifu Mputa Gama na manduna wengine na kuwafunga gerezani kwa lengo la kumdhoofisha Nduna Songea.
Baada ya Wajerumani kumdhoofisha Nduna Songea alipata taarifa zote na akaamua kutoka
kwenye pango hilo na kwenda kwa Wajerumani na kutaka watu wake waachiwe ili mapigano yaendelee.  Ndipo naye alipokamatwa na kuswekwa gerezani na Wajerumani wakawahukumu wafungwa hao kunyogwa hadi kufa.  Wafungwa hao waliamriwa kuchimba shimo kubwa bila kujua ndilo lingekuwa kaburi lao na ilipofika siku ya kifo chao, walinyongwa kwa zamu kwa muda wa siku mbili na maiti zao kuwekwa kwenye kaburi hilo hadi walipofikia 66 ndipo walizikwa kwa pamoja.  Walimwacha Nduna Songea Mbano ili awasaidia kutimiza malengo yao kwa wananchi, kwani waliamini akiwa kiongozi jasiri na anayependwa na watu wake angesikilizwa vizuri. Tangu siku hiyo walipomwacha bila kumnyonga, Nduna Songea aliwasumbua Wajerumani na kutaka naye anyongwe kama ndugu zake, kwani hakuona sababu ya yeye kuishi wakati ndugu zake alishauawa; akasema wasipomnyonga angegoma kula na kunywa chochote mpaka afariki dunia. Ndipo Wajerumani walipoamua kumnyonga na kumzika katika kaburi la peke yake, wakiamini kuwa ni mtu wa pekee mwenye ushujaa, uamuzi mzito na msimamo usioyumba. Walimuenzi kwa kubadilisha jina la mji wa Ndonde na kuubatiza jina la Songea, ambapo mpaka sasa linatumika kuuita mji huo wenye hazina kubwa ya historia na utalii wa kitamaduni.
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-26T03:15:40Z 2021-11-26T03:15:40Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1557 <![CDATA[YAJUWE 'MAVI' YA CHUMA KUPITIA UHUNZI WA WAFIPA]]> Wafipa ni jamii ya wabantu waishio katika mkoa wa Rukwa. Shughuli kuu za uchumi kwa jamii hii ni kilimo na ufugaji. Baadhi hujishughulisha na uvuvi na uwindaji.na wale wanaoishi pembeni mwa mto Rukwa hujishughulisha na uvuvi kama moja ya shughuli za kiuchumi. Wafipa wana historia ndefu hasa katika teknolojia ya ufuaji wa chuma kuanzia arne ya 17.
Kama ilivyo kwa jamii nyingi, mila na desturi za wafipa ni suala linaloheshimiwa. Ndoa hufanywa kwa kufuata taratibu za kimila. Kijana akifikia umri wa kuoa hushauriwa na wazazi wake kuhusu ukoo mzuri wa kutafuta mke. Masuala yanayozingatiwa ni pamoja na kuchapa kazi, kuepuka koo zenye magonjwa na zisizokuwa na uzao. Kijana akishaoa hukaa karibu na wazazi kwa muda wa mwaka mmoja ili kujifunza jinsi ya kuendesha familia baada ya hapo huweza kujenga sehemu nyingine.
[Image: DSC00361.jpg]
Wafipa huamini kuwa asili yao ni kusini, hivyo mtu akifa huelekezwa upande huo. Kaburi huchimbwa na sehemu ya kulaza mtu (mwandani) hutengenezwa mahsusi kwa kuwekewa kitanda.
Nyumba ya Wafipa ni ya Msonge (insiimba) na yenye umbo la pia. Nyumba hujengwa kwa fito na kuezekwa kwa majani kuanzia chini hadi juu na baadae hukandikwa ndani kwa mfinyanzi kuzuia mvua na joto. Mara nyingi nyumba haina madirisha ili kuhifadhi joto kwasababu ya kimazingira.
[Image: DSC00362.jpg]
Wafipa wana historia ndefu katika technolojia ya uhunzi wa chuma. Katika karne ya 17 – 18 tayari jamii hii ilikuwa na maendeleo makubwa kwenye uhunzi wa chuma. Wakati huu uliuwa ni wa mapinduzi ya viwanda huko ulaya. Tanuri hutumika kuyeyushia chuma ambacho hutumika kutengenezea zana mbalimbali ikiwemo majembe, shoka, mikuki, visu, mishale n.k
Tanuri hujengwa kwa udongo wa mfinyanzi kuanzia chini kwenda juu. Huwekwa matundu ili kuwezesha hewa kupita pamojana kutolea chuma katika hali ya kimiminika. Wakati mwingine matundu haya huingizwa mabomba yaitwayo Nyelo ambayo hutengenezwa kwa kutumia udongo.
[Image: DSC00359.jpg]
Kazi ya kuyeyusha chuma ni ngumu na yenye kuhitaji nguvu na muda mwingi. Kiwanda huwekwa mbali na makazi ya watu na wanaoruhusiwa kufika katika maeneo ya kiwanda ni wahunzi peke yao. Watu wengine hasa wanawake hawaruhusiwi kufika katika eneo la kiwanda kwani kufanya hivyo kutaharibu zoezi zima – wanaume watapoteza umakini.
Uhunzi huusisha upatikanaji wa malighafi ambazo ni mbale (iron ore), maa na dawa (flux). Mkaa hujazwa kuzunguka tanuri na mbale huwekwa katikati inapobidi dawa huongezwa katika tanuri ili kuboresha mchakato na wakati mwingine tokan ana imani ya jamii husika. Kwa kawaida chuma huanza kuyeyuka joto lifikapo nyuzijoto 900 hadi 1000 kulingana na ukubwa na aina ya tanuri. Baadaye chuma hukingwa kupitia katika nyelo.
Zoezi la kutengeneza zana hufanywa kwa kuchoma chuma kilichopatikana na kukiponda ili kupata zana inayohitajika. Kazi hii hufanywa kwenye tanuri dogo na katika kibanda kidogo pembeni ya tanuri. Yanayoonekana pembeniya kibanda huitwa Lombwe au mavi ya chuma. Huu ni uchafu unaobaki baada ya chuma kutoka kwenye mbale.
&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t&t
MAKALA HAYA YAMEWEKWA PIA KWA KIINGEREZA HAPA CHINI
Fipa are Bantu speaking people lives in the south western highlands of Tanzania, Rukwa region. They are agriculturalists cultivating maize, groundnuts and millet. Those who lives by the shores of the lake Rukwa include fishing a one of their economic activities. Fipa have also had a long history of iron smelting technology since the 17thC.
Traditions and customs are highly valued by the Fipa. Marriage follows the Fipa tradition in which the parents discuss with their sons on the proper clan to marry. The clans with lazy people, inheritable diseases and unproductive health are highly discourage. After the wedding the husband and his wife stays in the parents compound for one year to learn family matters before leaving to establish their own home.
[Image: DSC00363.jpg]
Fipa House
Fipa believes their origin is from the south and so their destiny. As such the deceased are buried heading that direction. The grave is well prepared and contain the inner chamber where the body is laid down.
The Fipa house is of Msonge (insiimba) type with simple, cone shaped design. The house is made of small woods and sticks and then thatched with grasses from bottom to the top. Inside the house the walls and the roof are plastered with clay to make it stronger and prevent both sun and rain. The door is small but the house is big enough to shelter a number of people. The house has no windows to make it warm against the environment.
Fipa have a long history of iron smelting technology. The Fipa were already producing high-quality iron in the 1700’s, the time of Industrial Revolution in Europe.
The smelting furnace was used to smelt iron ore into iron which then molded to produce tools such as hoes, axes, knives and billhooks for agriculture and trade purposes. The furnace is built using clay from bottom to the top. At the bottom there are several holes, the smaller ones are sometimes connected to special clay pipes (sometimes made of woods) called Tuyeres to pipe air to the furnace and the two lager holes to enable the iron smiths to collect iron from the furnace in liquid form.
Smelting process is a tough task and involves energetic people and the site is located far from the inhabitants where no one except the iron smiths are allowed. Women are strictly prohibited to visit the site because their presence will spoil the smelting process – man will loose focus.
The process involves the collection of iron ore, charcoal and flux (additives). Charcoal is piled in around the furnace with iron ore at the center, where crucial, flux (medicines) is added to foster the smelting process and strengthens the product. Normally the iron stat to melt at about 900oC – 1000oC depending on the size and the type of the furnace. Thereafter, the iron is taken out through the tuyeres in a liquid form but soon after taken out it solidifies. There are impurities resulted from smelting process and are called slag.
After collecting the iron the next step is smithing. This involves re-heating of the iron bars and molding them into required shapes. This process is done using the small furnace and in the small hut (right from the furnace) in which the iron is reheated and hummered on top of the big stone.
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-25T03:35:02Z 2021-11-25T03:35:02Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1553 <![CDATA[Sindimba Ngoma ya Makonde]]> ]]> false MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-20T17:57:26Z 2021-11-20T17:57:26Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1528 <![CDATA[Majina ya ukoo/ familia katika lugha ya kiswahili]]> Haya ni majina ya heshima yanayotumiwa na watu mbalimbali katika familia 
kulingana na uhusiano wao. Pia huitwa msamiati wa nasaba/jamaa/jamii
Familia Ndogo
Lengo letu ni kufundisha na kuendeleza lugha ya kiswahili kama kitambulisho cha jamii.
Hii ni familia ya karibu ambayo huhusisha tu wazazi na watoto wao. 
1. baba : ( father ) 
ni mzazi wa kiume. 
2. mama : ( mother ) 
mama ni mzazi wa kike. 
3. mwana : ( child ) 
mtoto wako 
4. mzazi : ( parent ) 
mtu aliyekuzaa 
5. ndugu : ( sibling ) 
mtoto wa mzazi/wazazi wako. Mara nyingi ’ndugu’ hutumika kurejelea watoto waliozaliwa baada yako, au watoto wa kiume waliozaliwa na wazazi wako. 
6. kaka : ( brother ) 
mvulana aliyezaliwa na mzazi/wazazi wako. Aghalabu kaka hurejelea mvulana aliyekutangulia kuzaliwa. 
7. dada : ( sister ) 
msichana aliyezaliwa na mzazi/wazazi wako. Aghalabu dada hutumika kurejelea wasichana waliokutangulia kuzaliwa. 
8. bin : ( son, mwana ) 
mtoto wa kiume
9. binti : ( daughter ) 
mtoto wa kike. 
10. kifungua mimba : ( first born ) 
mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa 
11. kitinda mimba : ( last born ) 
mtoto wa mwisho kuzaliwa 
12. mapacha : ( twins ) 
watoto wawili waliozaliwa siku moja na mama mmoja 
13. mke : ( bibi, wife ) 
mwanamke mliyefunga ndoa pamoja kuanzisha familia. 
14. mume : ( husband ) 
mwanamume mliyefunga ndoa pamoja ili kuanzisha familia. 
15. baba wa kambo  : ( stepfather ) 
mwanaume aliyeoa mamako, na ambaye si baba yako wa damu 
16. mama wa kambo : ( stepmother ) 
mwanamke aliyeolewa na babako, na ambaye si mama yako wa damu
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-14T06:00:06Z 2021-11-14T06:00:06Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1491 <![CDATA[GAZETI LA HABARI ZA UPARENI KWA KISWAHILI]]>
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-10T10:16:13Z 2021-11-10T10:16:13Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1433 <![CDATA[UHUSIANO WA KIJAMII – JINSI TUNAVYOITANA]]>
Nasaba ni uhusiano wa kizazi baina ya watu. Uhusiano huu unaweza kuwa katika familia au ukoo mmoja.

Mchoro: Uhusiano wa Kijamii
[Image: jamii.PNG]


Majina ya nasaba
1. Mama/nina: Mzazi wa kike.
2. Baba: Mzazi wa kiume.
3. Kaka: Ndugu wa kiume.
4. Dada: Ndugu wa kike.
5. Nyanya/Bibi: Mama wa baba au mama.
6. Babu: Baba wa mama au baba.
7. Mjukuu: Mtoto wa mwana.
8. Kitukuu: Mwana wa mjukuu.
9. Kilembwe: Mwana wa kitukuu.
10. Kilembwekeza/kining’ina: Mwana wa kilembwe.



Majina ya nasaba
11. Ami/amu: Kaka wa baba.
12. Shangazi/miomba amati: Dada wa baba.
13. Mjomba/hau: Kaka wa mama.
14. Halati/hale: Dada wa mama.
15. Mkazahau: Mke wa mjomba.
16. Mkazamwana: Mke wa mwana.
17. Mavyaa: Mama wa mume.
18. Bavyaa: Baba wa mume.
19. Mamamkwe: Mama wa mke.
20. Babamkwe: Baba wa mke.

Majina ya nasaba
21. Mcheja: Mzazi wa mke au mume (mkwe).
22. Kivyere : Jina wazazi wa mume na wazazi wa mke hutumia kuitana.
23. Mpwa: Mtoto wa ndugu. Yaani unayemwita ami, shangazi, mjomba na halati naye atakuita mpwa.
24. Mkoi: Mtoto wa shangazi, mjomba, halati.
25. Binamu: Mwana wa kiume wa ami.
26. Bintiamu: Mwana wa kike wa ami.
27. Shemeji: Ndugu wa mke au ndugu wa mume.
28. Mama wa kambo: Mama asiyekuzaa lakini anakulea.
29. Baba wa kambo: Baba asiyekuzaa
30. Umbu: Jina waitanalo kaka na dada.
31. Ndugu mlungizi: Ndugu anayekufuata


Majina ya nasaba
32. Ndugu mlungizi: Ndugu anayekufuata nyuma.
33. Wifi: (a) Mke wa kaka. Iwapo wewe ni msichana, mke wa kaka yako utamwita wifi. (b) Dada wa mume: Iwapo msichana ameolewa dada wa mumewe atamwita wifi.
34. Mwamu/mlamu: a) Kaka wa mke. Mwanamume akioa, kaka wa mkewe atamwita mlamu. b) Mume wa dada: mvulana au mwanamume atamwita mume wa dadaye – mlamu.
35. Mwanyumba: Wanaume waliooa katika familia moja.
36. Mkemwenza/mitara: Jina wanalotumia wanawake walioolewa na mwanamume mmoja.
37. Kifungamimba/ kitindamimba/ mzuwanda: Mtoto wa mwisho kuzali- wa katika familia.
38. Mwanambee/kifunguamimba/kichinjamimba: Mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa katika familia.
39. Nyanyamkuu: Mama wa nyanya.
40. Babamkuu: Baba wa babu.
41. Maharimu: Mtu usiyeweza kumwoa au kuolewa naye kwa sababu ya uhusiano wa nasaba.
42. Mnuna: Ndugu anayenifuata ndugu mdogo.



Zoezi A: Soma aya ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali yatakayofuatia.
Pendo ni bintiye Fatuma na Hamisi. Pendo anao dada wawili: Subira na Baraka. Aidha, anaye kaka mmoja aitwaye Majaliwa. Pendo ameolewa na mwanamume aitwaye Rono. Wavyele wake Rono ni Kiprono na Nekesa. Rono anaye dada aitwaye Silvia na kaka aitwaye Musa. Rono na Pendo wamefanikiwa na mtoto aitwaye Eliza.


Jibu maswali yafuatayo:
1. Pendo na Silvia wataitanaje?
2. Eliza atamwitaje Fatuma?
3. Nekesa atamwitaje Fatuma?
4. Kiprono atamwitaje Eliza?
5. Subira atamwitaje Eliza?
6. Musa atamwitaje Pendo?
7. Pendo atamwitaje Kiprono na Nekesa?
8. Rono atamwitaje Fatuma na Hamisi?
9. Eliza atawaitaje kila mmoja wa hawa? a) Silvia b) Musa c) Majaliwa d) Baraka
10. Fatuma na Hamisi wataitanaje na Kiprono na Nekesa?
11. Rono na Majaliwa wataitanaje?
12. Iwapo Subira ana mtoto, Eliza atamwitaje mtoto huyo wa Subira?


B. Jaza mapengo yaliyoachwa
1. Dadaye mjomba ni mama au
2. Mzazi wa kitukuu ni _________
3. Mzazi wa mkoi ni ________________
4. Babu au nyanya wa kilembwekeza ni ___________
5. Mke wa mwana ni ____________



Zoezi C. Jibu maswali yafuatayo
1. Musa na Fatuma ni ndugu. Fatuma ana mtoto aitiwaye Rosa. Je, Rosa atamwitaje Musa?
2. Karembo na Kazuri ni dada wa toka nitoke. Karembo ameolewa na Vumilia naye Kazuri ameolewa na Stahamala. Je, Vumilia na Stahamala wataitanaje?
3. Tumaini na Neema ni ndugu wa toka nitoke. Nyanya yao anaitwa Baraka. Je, Tumaini na Neema wataitwaje na Baraka?
4. Meho amemwoa Susi. Mamaye Meho anaitwa Pendo. Pendo atamwitaje Susi?
5. Kali anaye dada aitwaye Mpole. Mpole ameolewa na Tarajio. Tarajio na Kali wataitanaje?
6. Kakaye mama huitwaje?
7. Ndugu wa kike wa mama huitwaje?
8. Kaka yake mama anaitwa Bora. Ana mke aitwaye Tuishi. Je, nitamwitaje Tuishi?
9. Pale na Hapo ni ndugu. Hapo ana mtoto aitwaye Leo. Pale atamwitaje Leo?
10. Mjukuu wa kitukuu ni nani?]]>
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MwlMaeda]]> 2021-11-10T08:07:29Z 2021-11-10T08:07:29Z https://jifunzekiswahili.co.tz/showthread.php?tid=1429 <![CDATA[Utani miongoni mwa Waswahili wa Zanzibar]]> [Image: mzee-mpara-samaki-nungwi-1.jpg?w=1200&h=0&crop=1]
Kuna pande mbili za mitazamo kuhusiana na asili ya Wazanzibari: wapo wanaodai kuwa Wazanzibari ni mchanganyiko wa watu wa makabila tofauti kutoka ile iliyokuja kuitwa baadaye Tanganyika na kisha Tanzania Bara – kama vile Bagamoyo, Tanga, Kunduchi na kwengineko.
Mtazamo huu unaamini kuwa watu wa makabila hayo walifika visiwa vya Zanzibar kwa ajili ya shughuli za uvuvi. Hoja yao husisitizwa kutokana na shughuli wazifanyazo Wazanzibari wa sasa. Na ndio maana hata utafiti huu unajikita katika shughuli zile zile wazifanyazo Wazanzibari yaani uvuvi, udalali na uchuuzi wa samaki huku utani wa sehemu hizo ukichunguzwa.
Mtazamo wa pili ni ule unaodai kuwa Wazanzibari ni mchanganyiko wa watu watokao Bara Hindi, Arabuni na Uajemi waliokuja kwa kusaidiwa na pepo za msimu kufanya shughuli za kibiashara kwenye upwa wa pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. Juma (2008) anasisitiza kwa kusema, tunapozungumzia historia ya Zanzibar “hatuna budi kutilia maanani hali ya mchanganyiko wa watu wenye asili ya mataifa mbalimbali kama vile Bara Hindi, Uarabuni na Uajemi.”
Mitazamo hiyo miwili inathibitika kutokana na tamaduni walizonazo Wazanzibari, ambazo zina mchanganyiko na kufanana na tamaduni za jamii nyengine ila kinachotofautiana ni jiogirafia ya pahala na mazingira katika tamaduni nyengine au utani ufanyao sehemu nyingine ya utamaduni huo. Na ndio maana mtafiti akaangalia utani unaofanyika dikoni na sokoni ili kubaini utafauti unaojitokeza kwenye utani wa sehemu nyingine.
Naye Zeid (2011) alifanya utafiti juu ya “Athari ya Lugha ya Utani kwa Jamii ya Wapemba.” Katika utafiti huo, ameeleza kuwa katika kisiwa cha Pemba bado utani una nafasi muhimu katika maisha ya kila siku. Kwa vile utani umetawala katika sehemu za jamii, haifikiriwi kama kuna mtu kwa njia moja au nyengine asiyeshiriki katika harakati za utani katika jamii ya Wapemba. Anabainisha kuwa utani hufanywa katika miktadha ya mazishini, matangani, harusini na katika shughuli za kiuchumi.
Pia, mtafiti anaeleza kwamba utani umetawaliwa na semi zenye kuashiria kejeli, dhihaka, matusi, na dharau. Semi hizo hujitokeza na kupotea na hakuna semi inayotumika daima. Mtafiti amezungumzia utani kwa jamii ya Wapemba lakini aliegemea katika fani ya isimu na alitazama zaidi athari ya vitendo neni katika lugha ya utani. Kutokana na hayo, mtafiti ameona ni vyema kuuangalia utani katika uga wa fasihi.
Kwa kusisitiza utumiaji wa jadi hii ya utani kwa Wazanzibari, na hasa kisiwani Pemba, Mohammed Ghassani (2003) anaueleza utani kuwa ni amali muhimu katika jamii hiyo na inapotendeka inaondoa dhana ya kuwa utani ni kitu cha kukibeza.
Hata hivyo, mara nyingi watani wanapokutana hutaniana kwa maneno huku wakizingatia masharti yaundayo uhusiano wao wa kiutani kama vile bibi na wajukuu zake, shemeji na shemeji na mfano wa hayo, kwani bila ya mazingatio unaweza kujikuta umemtania mtu asiyekustahikia na kwa muktadha huo sasa utakuwa umemtusi.
Kwa mfano, sijambo la kushangaza kuona watu wakifanya utani wakati wa msiba kama Ghassani anavyosema:
Quote:
Kwa Wapemba utani ni kejeli katika maisha. Watu huko hutaniana wakati wa uzazi na wakati wa matanga. Ni jambo la kawaida sana kumuona mtu katika mkusanyiko wa matanga, wakati wengine wanalia yeye, amejivisha kanzu na koti la marehemu anamuigiza mwendo wake au sauti yake. Si kuwa hawaumizwi na msiba huo, lakini utani huu ni katika kuyapa maana halisi maisha yao na kuzifunika huzuni zao.
Hivyo, utani unaweza kuwakutanisha watu katika matukio na miktadha ambayo kwa namna moja au nyengine hujenga upendo na kuondosha chuki au huzuni iliyopo.
Ghassani anaonesha jinsi kejeli na dhihaka itumiwavyo na watu mbali mbali wawe matajiri au masikini. Hapa mwandishi anaizungumza hali ya Wapemba baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 1995 ambapo watu walipigwa ovyo, chakula kilikuwa adimu na kulikuwa na uhaba wa mvua. Waliliita sembe “Nkapa“, askari waliitwa melody na njaa iliitwa Komando. Anaendelea kusema kwamba labda unaweza kufikiria watu wako kwenye hali ngumu kama hiyo na bado wanadiriki kujenga kejeli na tashtiti za namna hiyo.
Quote:
Ndiyo kusema kwamba hiyo ni sehemu ya maisha yao ambayo yana ugumu usiomithilika. Kwao utani ni kibwagizo cha maisha ndio kusema kwamba utani ni kibwagizo cha ugumu wa maisha, hutaniana na kukejeli ili kujifariji na kujipumbaza na dhiki iwaandamayo kila uchao. Lakini pia kuutapika ukweli mchungu
Bakiza (2008) wanaeleza katika kitabu chao cha Utamaduni wa Mzanzibari kwamba Wazanzibari wana desturi ya kufanyiana utani. Kama vile kuitana majina ya kupanga ambayo huwa maarufu hadi kufikia lile la mwanzo kusahaulika. Wanaongeza kwamba mfano mzuri wa utendekaji wa utani wa Wazanzibari huonekana wakati wa harusi. Watani wa uzawa wa mwanamke anayeolewa humkimbiza Bi Harusi mtarajiwa asiolewe au Bwana Harusi asioe. Wengine huukamata mkono wa muozeshaji na kudai aozeshwe yeye. Hufanya hivyo mpaka apewe pesa kidogo na ndipo aondoke na kuacha shughuli iendelee. Madhumuni ya kufanya hivyo ni kujitambulisha kuwa yeye ni shemegi yake au mtu wa karibu katika familia. Hapa tunapata taswira kuwa jamii ya Wazanzibari inaikubali jadi hii ya utani katika sehemu mbalimbali.
Naye Iddi (2005) katika tasnifu yake ya “Utani katika Jamii ya Wazanzibari” amezungumzia zaidi nyimbo za utani ambazo huimbwa kwenye harusi. Nyimbo hizo kimantiki ni zenye kutoa mafunzo kwa maharusi. Pia ameeleza kwamba, katika shughuli za Wazanzibari, watani ndio husinga maharusi. Pamoja na hayo wakati wa kusingwa, utani hutawala kwani; mara nyingi shughuli kama hii hufanywa na wale watu unaoweza kuwaowa kwa upande wa mwanamme, na  watoto wa kike wa mjomba, shangazi na madada kwa upande wa harusi mwanamke.
Naye Mkubwa (2012) alifanya utafiti juu ya “Dhima za Utani Katika Maziko na Matanga ya Wapemba na Athari Zake kwa Jamii”. Katika utafiti wake huo alieleza kwamba, utani katika maziko ya Wapemba umeanza kuondoka kwa kiasi kikubwa. Hata hivyo, jamii imekuwa ikitekeleza utani katika matanga na dhima yake kubwa ni kujiliwaza baada ya machunu ya kuondokewa.
Aidha alifafanua kuwa imani ya dini ya kiislamu imekuwa ikinasibishwa na kupinga utani katika maziko hasa kwa baadhi ya madhehebu. Kwa ujumla, kazi hii haikufafanua namna utani unavyotoa nafasi kwa sehemu za mjumuiko kama sokoni na dikoni.
TANBIHI: Kutoka tasnifu ya shahada ya uzamili ya Salama Omar wa Chuo Kikuu cha Dodoma iliyopewa jina “NAFASI YA UTANI WA SOKONI NA DIKONI KWA JAMII YA WAZANZIBARI”.   Chanzo &t&t&t
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