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UTUNGAJI WA USHAIRI WA FASIHI SIMULIZI

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UTUNGAJI WA USHAIRI WA FASIHI SIMULIZI
#1
UTUNGAJI WA USHAIRI WA FASIHI SIMULIZI
Katika utunzi wa ushairi ambao unahusisha mashairi, tenzi, ngonjera na maghani mtunzi hana budi kufuata na kuzingatia kanuni na taratibu zifuatazo:
Kuteua maudhui ya Fasihi simulizi


Katika kipengele cha maudhui, mtunzi wa mashairi anatakiwa kuzingatia vipengele vifuatavyo ili kufanikisha lengo lake.
(a) Kuweka lengo maalumu – Kabla ya kuanza kutunga shairi lazima ujue nini unataka kueleza. Hapa lazima ujue sababu inayokufanya utake kueleza hayo uliyonayo. Lengo laweza kuwa kupinga mauaji ya albino, ajira kwa watoto au unyanyasaji wa mwanamke.
(b)Kuteua wazo kuu la shairi – Hili ndilo wazo utakalolikuza na kuliendeleza. Wazo kuu linaweza kuwa athari za ugonjwa wa UKIMWI katika jamii. Hivyo mwandishi ataliendeleza wazo hilo kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho.
©Kuoanisha dhamira na wakati – Ni muhimu mtunzi wa ushairi kuhakikisha kwamba anazungumzia mambo ambayo anafikiri jamii inayahitaji katika wakati huo. Kwa mfano, kwa leo Tanzania inakabiliwa na matatizo kama vile ugonjwa wa UKIMWI, ajira kwa watoto, mauaji ya albino, madawa ya kulevya, n.k. haya ndiyo mambo ambayo mtunzi hupata hadhira kubwa. Kama ataongea mambo ambayo yako nyuma ya wakati, atakuwa haitendei haki jamii yake kwa kujadili mambo ambayo hayapo katika jamii yake kwa wakati uliopo.
(d)Kupanga vizuri mawazo yako – Panga mawazo yanayojenga maudhui kimantiki kutegemea uzito, upya, ugumu na umuhimu wake kwa jamii inayohusika.
Kuteua vipengele vya fani
Maudhui pekee hayatoshi kulipa shairi mvuto. Mtunzi ni lazima azingatie fani, yaani mbinu za kisanaa anazotumia mtunzi kulipa shairi mvuto. Mbinu hizi ni pamoja na:-
(a) Kutumia mitindo inayofaa – Shairi linaweza kuwa la kimapokeo au la kisasa. Uteuzi wa mtindo utategemea sana dhamira iliyokusudiwa pamoja na lengo alilonalo mtunzi mwenyewe. Kwa mfano, tukio la kihistoria utatumia utenzi badala ya wimbo, mawaidha fulani huweza kutumia utenzi bali utatumia ushairi au wimbo.
(b)Kutumia miundo inayofaa – Kuamua muundo wa shairi kunategemea idadi ya mistari. Mtunzi anaweza kutumia muundo wa tathnia (mistari miwili), tathilitha (mistari mitatu), tarbia (mistari minne), takhmisa (mistari mitano) au sabilia (mistari sita na kuendelea). Katika kipengele hiki ni muhimu vilevile mtunzi kuzingatia idadi ya mizani, aina ya vina, vipande, kituo msisitizo, muwala, ubeti na urari. Vitu hivi ni muhimu sana hasa kwa ushairi wa kimapokeo.
©Uteuzi wa lugha – Ushairi una lugha yake tofauti na kazi nyingine. Mtunzi hana budi kutumia lugha yenye sifa zifuatazo:
– lugha ya mkato – ushairi una lugha yake tofauti na lugha itumiwayo katika mazingira mengine. Ushairi ni sanaa inayotumika kusema mambo mengi kwa kutumia maneno machache (lugha ya mkato)
– Matumizi ya picha – picha husaidia kuvuta taswira ya kitu kinachoongelewa na kikakamata katika akili ya mtu kwa namna ya ajabu. Picha vilevile husaidia kuvuta hisia na kuleta mguso wa hali ya juu kwa upande wa mwenye kufikiwa na ujumbe.
– Matumizi ya tamathali za semi – tamathali huupa ushairi uhai na uhalisi zaidi na huburudisha na kuzindua akili ya msikilizaji wa shairi na kuacha athari ya kudumu katika hisia na mawazo yake. Tamathali zinazotumika sana katika ushairi ni tashibiha, tashihisi, mubalagha, kejeli, sitiari, n.k
– Matumizi ya methali, misemo, nahau na mbinu nyingine za kisanaa – methali na misemo/nahau hutumika ili kupitisha hekima fulani kwa jamii na hutumika kujenga kejeli. Mbinu za kisanaa zinazotumiwa sana na washairi ni takriri, ridhimu, tanakali sauti na nyinginezo. Wakati wa kutunga ushairi lazima mtunzi azingatie mbinu hizi.
Mwl Maeda
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