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WASIFU WA SITI BINTI SAAD

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WASIFU WA SITI BINTI SAAD
#1
Siti binti Saad alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Fumba, Zanzibari mwaka 1880. Alipozaliwa alipewa jina la ‘Mtumwa’ hii ni kwa vile alizaliwa katika kipindi cha utumwa wa Kiarabu. Jina la Siti alipewa na mkabaila mmoja wa kiarabu.Baba yake bwana Saadi alikuwa ni Mnyamwezi kutoka Tabora na mama yake alikuwa ni Mzigua toka Tanga, lakini wote wawili walizaliwa Zanzibari. Hali ya maisha ya familia yao ilikuwa ni duni sana na walijishughulisha zaidi katika shughuli za kilimo na ufinyanzi kazi ambazo Siti alijifunza na kuzimudu vizuri pia.Kama waswahili wasemavyo ‘kuzaliwa masikini si kufa masikini’ Siti alibarikiwa kuwa na kipaji cha pekee cha uimbaji. Kipaji hiki kilimsaidia sana tangu siku za awali za maisha yake kwani alitumia uimbaji wake kuuza vyungu vya mama yake alivyokuwa akimsaidia kuvitembeza. Siti alipoimba sauti yake iliweza kupaa na kusafiri kwa umbali wa maili nyingi na hii ndio ilikuwa ishara ya watu kujua kwamba vyungu vya kina Mtumwa vinapita leo. Alifananishwa kuwa na mapafu yenye nguvu kama ya simba kutokana na alivyoweza kupaza sauti yake mbali na bila kuachia pumzi.Kutokana na wakati huo elimu kwa watoto wa kike kutotiliwa mkazo, Siti hakuwahi kwenda shule wala kuhudhuria mafunzo ya Kurani. Hivyo mnamo mwaka 1911 aliona ni bora ahamie mjini ili kubooresha maisha yake zaidi. Ujio wake wa mjini ulikuwa wa neema kwani alikutana na bwana mmoja wa kundi la muziki wa Taarabu la “Nadi Ikhwani Safaa” aliyeitwa Muhsin Ali. Katika kipindi hicho hilo ndilo lilikuwa kundi pekee la muziki wa taarabu lililoanzishwa na Sultani mpenda starehe na anasa bwana Seyyid Barghash Said. Kundi hili lilikuwa ni la wanaume peke yake , wanawake hawakuruhusiwa kujiunga na vikundi vya muziki kwa vile ilikuwa ikichukuliwa kama ni uhuni. Bwana Muhsin alikiona kipaji cha pekee cha Siti na hivyo akajitolea kumfundisha kuimba kwa kufuata vyombo vya muziki na lugha ya kiarabu. Baada ya hapo alikwenda kumtambulisha kwa wanamuziki wenzie wa “Nadi Ikhwani Safaa” ambao bila kusita wakaanza kufanya naye maonyesho mbalimbali katika jamii. Walipata mialiko mingi hasa kutoka kwa Sultani na matajiri wengine wa Kiarabu, pia katika maharusi na sherehe zingine mbalimbali, inasemekana ulifika wakati ambapo sherehe ilishindwa kufana kama Siti binti Saadi hakuwepo kutumbuiza. Siti alikuwa ni moto wa kuotea mbali na jina lake lilivuma kwa haraka sana hadi nje ya mipaka ya nchi na bara la Afrika. Na punde Siti alianza kufananishwa na ‘Umm Kulthum’, mwimbaji mahiri wa kike aliyetamba wakati huo kutoka Misri.Kama nilivyosema moto wa Siti ulikuwa si wa kuusogelea karibu, mwaka 1928 kampuni ya kurekodi muziki ya Columbia and His Master’s voice yenye makazi yake Mumbai Indiailisikia umaarufu wa Siti binti Saadi na hivyo ikamwalika yeye pamoja na kundi lake kwenda kurekodi kwa lugha ya Kiswahili ili kujaribu kama muziki wake utauzika. Kampuni ile haikuweza kuamini jinsi muziki ule ulivyouzika kwa kasi kubwa kwani wastani wa santuri 900 ziliweza kuuzika katika kipindi cha miaka miwili ya mwanzo, na hadi kufikia 1931 santuri 72,000 zilikuwa zimeuzwa. Kutokana na kusambaa kwa santuri hizi, umaarufu wa Siti ulizidi mara dufu watu kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za dunia walikuwa wakija Zanzibari kuja kumwona. Mambo yalizidi kuwa mazuri kwa Siti hadi ikafikia hatua kampuni ya kurekodi ya Columbia kuamua kujenga studio ya kurekodi muziki palepale Zanzibar maalumu kwa ajili ya Siti binti Saadi.Hatua hiyo ya hadi kujengewa studio iliwaumiza wengi wenye wivu, hivyo wakaanza kumtungia nyimbo za kumkejeli ili kumshusha na hasa walitumia kigezo kwamba hana uzuri wa sura, nyimbo nyingi ziliimbwa lakini huu ndio uliovuma sana:-
    Siti binti Saad kawa mtu lini,
    Kaja mjini na kaniki chini,
    Kama si sauti angekula nini?
Na yeye kwa kujua hila za wabaya wake, akaona isiwe taabu akajibu shambulio namna hii:-
   Si hoja uzuri,
   Na sura jamali,
   Kuwa mtukufu,
   Na jadi kebeli,
   Hasara ya mtu,
   Kukosa akili.
Kwa kujibu shambulio hilo kwa namna yake aliwafunga midomo wale wote waliokuwa wakifumatafuata. Siti pia alikuwa ni mwanamke wa kwanza mwanaharakati katika kipindi chake, alitetea wanawake na wanyonge kwa ujumla, kwani katika kipindi chake watu matajiri walikuwa wakiwaonea masikini na walipofikishwa mbele ya haki waliweza kutoa hongo na kuachiwa huru halafu wewe uliyeshitaki ndiye unayefungwa.Utunzi wake wa wimbo wa Kijiti ulimpatia sifa kubwa kwani ulikuwa ukielezea kisa cha kweli kilichomkuta mwanamke mmoja mgeni kutoka bara, mwanamke huyu alipofika alikutana na Tajiri mmoja ambaye alijifanya amempenda, hivyo akamchukua na kulala naye halafu baadaye akamuua. Tajiri yule alishitakiwa na bahati nzuri walikuwepo mashahidi wawili walioshuhudia tukio lile, lakini kwa vile ni Tajiri alitoa pesa na kesi ikawageukia wale mashahidi na kufungwa.Siti akatoa wimbo huu :-
    Tazameni tazameni,
    Eti alofanya Kijiti,
    Kumchukua mgeni,
    Kumcheza foliti,
    Kenda naye maguguni,
    Kamrejesha maiti.
Siti aliendelea kumwambia katika nyimbo zake kwamba asijethubutu kwenda Dar er Salaam kwa maana watu wenye hasira wanamsubiri na wameapa kwa ajili yake.Siti aliendelea na shughuli yake ya muziki hadi uzeeni, muda mfupi kabla ya kifo chake alikutana na mwandishi maarufu na mwanamashairi Shaaban Robert ambaye alimhoji na kuweza kuandika wasifu wake katika kitabu alichokiita ” Wasifu wa Siti binti Saadi.” Wasifu huu unaonekana kuwa ndio bora zaidi uliowahi kuandikwa katika fasihi ya Tanzania. Kitabu hiki kinatumika kufundishia shule za sekondari za Tanzania.Tarehe 8 Julai 1950 Siti binti Saadi alifariki dunia na kuacha pengo kubwa katika fani ya Taarabu. Ingawa pengo hilo haliwezi kuzibika lakini kuna watu wengi walioweza kuibuka na umaarufu wa kuimba taarabu kupitia kwake, mfano hai ni Bi Kidude.Hata baada ya kifo chake jina lake bado linatumika sana kama kielelezo cha ushujaa wake, Chama cha waandishi wa habari wanawake Tanzania (TAMWA), kimetumia jina lake kulipa jina gazeti la chama chao “Sauti ya Siti”. Hadi leo hii Siti hutumika kama kipimo cha kufundishia uimbaji wa Taarabu. Na anakumbukwa katika historia yake ya kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Afrika mashariki kurekodi muziki katika santuri.
Mwl Maeda
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