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Namna ya kutoa hotuba itakayowavutia wasikilizaji

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Namna ya kutoa hotuba itakayowavutia wasikilizaji
#1
Kwa ufupi
Wengine walionekana wametumbua macho wakimtazama mhutubiaji lakini walionyesha hawakuwa wakielewa kile kilichokuwa kikisemwa na wengine walionekana wakiondoka kabisa kwenye mkutano. Nilipowauliza kwa nini walisema wamechoshwa na mhutubiaji kwa sababu haieleweki anazungumzia nini.
Na. ABEID H SAKARA
Siku moja nilikwenda kwenye mkutano fulani uliojaa ukumbi mzima. Niliona mambo ya kushangaza. Kwanza, watu wengi katika ukumbi hawakuwa wakisikiliza hotuba kwa makini. Baadhi ya watu walikuwa wakiongea mambo yao bila kujali aliyokuwa akisema mhutubiaji.
Wengine walionekana wametumbua macho wakimtazama mhutubiaji lakini walionyesha hawakuwa wakielewa kile kilichokuwa kikisemwa na wengine walionekana wakiondoka kabisa kwenye mkutano. Nilipowauliza kwa nini walisema wamechoshwa na mhutubiaji kwa sababu haieleweki anazungumzia nini.
Kila nilipomtazama mhutubiaji nilimuona amekazana kusema hadi mishipa ya shingo ilionekana imetoka na jasho lilikuwa likimtiririka. Wakati mwingine alionekana akishangaa alipowaona baadhi ya wasikilizaji wake wakiongea mambo yao wala hawamsikilizi. Alisikitika alipoona baadhi ya watu wakiondoka mmoja mmoja kwenye mkutano. Kwa hakika alionekana amefadhaika na kukata tamaa.
Jambo kama hili linaweza kumtokea mtu yetote anapoamua kuhutubia watu bila kufanya maandalizi . Hususan, asipozingatia kanuni ambazo huwafanya watu wavutiwe na hotuba yake. Je, wewe katika maisha yako umewahi kuhutubia watu? Kama umewahi, hotuba yako iliwavutia wasikilizaji? Kama haikuwavutia usiwe na shaka. Katika makala haya tutataja baadhi ya kanuni ambazo tunaamini zikizingatiwa husaidia kufanya hotuba iwe na mvuto kwa wasikilizaji.
Maandalizi ya hotuba
Kuna baadhi ya watu huamini kuwa maadhali mtu anajua lugha na ni msemaji hodari hana haja ya kufanya maandalizi kabla ya kwenda kuhutubia. Kuna wengine maandalizi yao huwa kuiandika hotuba yote na kuisoma mbele ya watu kama ambavyo viongozi wengi huwa wakifanya. Wao huandikiwa kwa sababu wanayoyasema mara nyingi huwa ni sera au miongozo ambayo baadaye hutakiwa kutekelezwa. Hivyo, lugha inayotumika katika hotuba zao huwa ndiyo miongozo itakayotumika kwa utekelezaji.
Lakini mtu anapotoa hotuba kwa kuisoma mara nyingi huwafanya wasikilizaji wake wakinai na wahisi kama wanapoteza wakati wao.
Hotuba ya namna hii huwachosha wasikilizaji kwa kuwa anayeitoa huwa hawezi kuibadili au kuirekebisha kufuatana na hali ya mwitiko wa wasikilizaji. Tena huwa hawezi mathalani kurudia sehemu ambayo wasikilizaji wake wanaonekana dhahiri hawakuielewa vyema. Wengine huamua kaikariri hotuba na kuiwasilisha kwa hadhira kama shairi ama wimbo. Mtindo huu ndiyo haufai kabisa.
Hotuba iliyokaririwa inapotolewa mbele ya kadhira muundo wake kuonekana wa kirasimu zaidi kama lugha ya kisheria.
Tunaposoma hotuba tunapoteza au tunapunguza mawasiliano ya uso kwa uso baina ya mtoa ujumbe na mpokea ujumbe hali ambayo ni muhimu katika mawasiliano. Hivyo hotuba nzuri na inayoweza kuwa na taathira kubwa kwa wasikilizaji ni ile ambayo mhutubiaji anaitoa mbele ya hadhira yake huku akiwatazama.
Wakati huohuo akiweza kujirekebisha kwa sauti au maudhui na hata mtindo wa kuitoa hotuba kufuatana na jinsi inavyopokewa na wasikilizaji.
Hata hivyo, tunaposema asiiandike hatuna maana azungumze bila kufanya maandalizi yoyote. Kuna hatua tatu kuu ambazo ni muhimu katika kuandaa hotuba ambazo ni kutafuta na kuainisha maudhui au taarifa atakazozizungumzia.
Hatua ya pili ni kuamua mpangilio mzuri wa maudhui na hatua ya mwisho ni kuandaa hotuba yenyewe tangu mwanzo hadi mwisho.
Vilevile ni muhimu kuandaa muhtasari wa vipengele utakaomwongoza mtu anapotoa hotuba.
Kudumisha mawasiliano ya ana kwa ana
Wasikilizaji wa hotuba hujisikia vizuri wanapomuona mtoa hotuba anaonekana kama anayezungumza na kila mmoja wao binafsi. Kumbuka, hakuna kitu kinachomfanya mtu akusikilize vizuri kama unapozungumza huku akimtazama yeye moja kwa moja. Ingawa unapotoa hotuba mbele ya hadhara huwezi kumtazama kila mmoja, kuna njia inayoweza kukusaidia kuwafanya wasikilizaji wajihisi kama unawatazama wote.
Chagua mtu mmoja katika kila upande wa ukumbi au uwanja na uwe ukiongea huku ukiwatazama watu hao mara kwa mara. Usiendelee kumtazama mtu mmoja kwa muda mrefu.
Kila baada ya sekunde chache hamia kwa mtu mwingine na endelea vivyo hivyo ukielekea kila upande kwa zamu hadi mwisho wa hotuba yako. Kila unapomtazama mtu uliyemchagua katika upande fulani watu wa upande ule watakuona kama unawatazama wote.
Tumia ishara
Mtu anayetoa hotuba huku akitumia ishara ili kusisitiza maneno anayosema huwavutia wasikilizaji. Ishara za makusudi za uso na vitendo vinavyowezwa kufanywa kwa kichwa, mabega na mikono, vinaweza kutumika ili kusisitiza kile ambacho msikilizaji anataka wasikilizaji wake waielewe vyema. Hata hivyo, ni vyema kuepuka kutumia ishara kwa kuwa huweza kumchanganya msikilizaji au kumfanya mtoa hutoba kuonekana kituko.
Sauti
Unapotoa hotuba tumia sauti inayoweza kusikika vyema kwa wasikilizaji isiwe ya kupayuka wala ndogo zaidi.
Utaweza kutambua kama sauti yako inasikika vizuri pande zote kwa kutazama nyuso za wasikilizaji. Kama unaeleza kuhusu jambo la kuchekesha utawaona wanatabasamu ama kucheka na kama unazungumzia jambo la kusikitisha utaona nyuso za huzuni.
Kila mara watazame wale walio mbali kabisa kutoka kwako ili kuhakikisha kama hotuba inasikika.
Licha ya kuhakikisha unasikika, huna budi kuhakikisha unatumia matamshi sahihi ya maneno.
Pia lazima udhibiti kasi yako ya kuongea. Usiongee kwa kasi. Ongea taratibu zaidi unaposisitiza jambo fulani. Vile vile usiongee moja kwa moja bila kutulia kila baada ya muda. Vipindi vya kupumzika kusema katikati ya hotuba humsaidia msikilizaji wako kutafakari na kukifanya ulichosema kingine vyema akilini.
Lugha
Hotuba yenye maneno mengi ambayo wasikilizaji hawayafahamu, siyo tu kuwafanya wasielewe habari inayosemwa bali huweza pia kuwafanya wasiwe na ari ya kuendelea kuisikiliza.
Mtoa hotuba hana budi kuhakikisha anatumia lugha nyepesi na inayoeleka. Ni lazima utumie maneno na miundo ya lugha iliyozoeleka katika kundi la watu analohutubia.
Hitimisho
Tumebaini kuwa kutoa hotuba mbele ya watu na ikaeleweka siyo suala la kuvaa vizuri na kusimama mbele ya watu na kusema kile unachotaka waelewe.
Kuwafanya wasikilizaji waelewe hotuba yako ni suala linalohitaji umakini mkubwa unaoanzia tangu katika kipindi cha kabla ya kusimama mbele ya watu hadi kipindi cha kutoa hotuba yenyewe.
Mwl Maeda
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